• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 1993

The pattern of RNA synthesis during male gametogenesis of Brassica napus was studied using 3H-uridine autoradiography. No incorporation of isotope occurred in the newly released microspore and the nonvacuolate, furrowed microspore. Peak incorporation of label during male gametogenesis occurred in the uninucleate, furrowed microspores showing various degrees of vacuolation. In this microspore stage, silver grains were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Moderate incorporation of the isotope occurred in the nulceus of the vacuolated microspore. After the microspore mitosis, isotope incorporation occurred predominantly in the nucleus of the vegetative cell with little or no incorporation in the generative cell. In tricellular pollen, no incorporation of isotope was observed in both the vegetative nucleus and the sperms. Silver grains almost completely disappeared from tricellular mature pollen grains ready to germinate.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.356-358
• /
• 2002

Regioselective 3$^1$-$^{18}$ O-labelling of chlorophyll derivatives possessing a 3-formyl group such as methyl (pyro) pheophorbide-d (3, 4) was carried out efficiently by a simple one-step procedure; by stirring a homogeneous solution of tetrahydrofuran and H$_2$$^{18}$ O containing a small amount of trifuluoroacetic acid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 2008

To establish the biosynthetic pathway of decursin in Angelica gigas Nakai, feeding experiment with stable isotope-labeled precursors were conducted. Umbelliferone and decursin were labeled with deuterium at C-3. The umbelliferone, the decursin, and other commercially available putative precursors, L-phenylalanine-ring-$d_5$ and trans-cinnamic acid-$d_7$, were fed to the hairy root culture of A. gigas. Each deuterated compound was incorporated into decursinol, decursinol angelate, and decursin as determined by mass spectrometric analysis. These findings confirmed the coumarin biosynthesis pathway sequence is composed of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, umbelliferone, decursinol, and decursin.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2013

Fungal biotechnology has been well established in food and healthcare sector, and now being explored for lignocellulosic biorefinery due to their great potential to produce a wide array of extracellular enzymes for nutrient recycling. Due to global warming, environmental pollution, green house gases emission and depleting fossil fuel, fungal enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass refinery become a major focus for utilizing renewal bioresources. Proteomic technologies tender better biological understanding and exposition of cellular mechanism of cell or microbes under particular physiological condition and are very useful in characterizing fungal secretome. Hence, in addition to traditional colorimetric enzyme assay, mass-spectrometry-based quantification methods for profiling lignocellulolytic enzymes have gained increasing popularity over the past five years. Majority of these methods include two dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry, differential stable isotope labeling and label free quantitation. Therefore, in this review, we reviewed more commonly used different proteomic techniques for profiling fungal secretome with a major focus on two dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-based quantitative mass spectrometry for global protein identification and quantification. We also discussed weaknesses and strengths of these methodologies for comprehensive identification and quantification of extracellular proteome.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2016

Carbon-11 is one of the most sensitive and desirable positron emission tomography radio-isotope, which offers the capacity to be incorporated, through a covalent bond, into biologically active molecules without altering their biological properties. Carbon-11 can be obtained from the cyclotron with two different chemical forms: $[^{11}C]CO_2$ and $[^{11}C]CH_4$. [$^{11}C$]Methyl iodide has been widely used as a highly reactive labelling precursor that can be applied to label carbon-11 with biologically active molecules via alkylation of N-, O-, or S-nucleophiles. A more recent and still challenging labeling method is transition metal mediated $^{11}C$-carbonylation. Advances in organic chemistry, radiochemistry and improved automated techniques greatly encourage researchers to develop more carbon-11 labelled radiotracers for molecular imaging studies. This mini-review will introduce a historical track of carbon-11 chemistry combining with examples and its role in near future.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.1037-1048
• /
• 2022

A radioactive isotope identification algorithm is a prerequisite for a low-resolution scintillation detector applied to an unmanned radiation monitoring system. In this paper, a sparse representation with dictionary learning approach is proposed and applied to plastic gamma-ray spectra. Label-consistent K-SVD was used to learn a discriminative dictionary for the spectra corresponding to a mixture of four isotopes (¹³³Ba, ²²Na, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co). A Monte Carlo simulation was employed to produce the simulated data as learning samples. Experimental measurement was conducted to obtain practical spectra. After determining the hyper parameters, two dictionaries tailored to the learning samples were tested by varying with the source position and the measurement time. They achieved average accuracies of 97.6% and 98.0% for all testing spectra. The average accuracy of each dictionary was above 96% for spectra measured over 2 s. They also showed acceptable performance when the spectra were artificially shifted. Thus, the proposed method could be useful for identifying radioisotopes in gamma-ray spectra from a plastic scintillation detector even when a dictionary is adapted to only simulated data. Furthermore, owing to the outstanding properties of sparse representation, the proposed approach can easily be built into an insitu monitoring system.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 1995

Purpose : To investigate the effect of alkaloid fraction from Korean ginseng on radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (dsb) formation and repair in murine lymphocytes Materials and Methods : We used the neutral filter elution technique to assay $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}$ ray-induced DNA double strand breaks formation and repair in C57BL/6 mouse spleen lymphocytes for evaluating the dose-response relationship in the presence of alkaloid fraction as a radioprotective agent. The lymphocytes were stimulated with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 2 u g/ml) to label $^3[H]-thymidine.$ Isotope-labelled lymphocytes in suspension were exposed to 100 Gy at $0^{\cdot}C$ in the alkaloid fraction-treated group and elution procedure was performed at PH 9.6. The extents of formation of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks and repair were compared respectively via strand scission factor (SSF) and relative strand scission factor (RSSF). Results: Alkaloid fraction reduced the formation of double strand breaks with dose modification factor of 2 15, compared to control group Rejoining of DNA dsb appeared to take place via two components. The first fast component was completed within 20.4 minutes, but the second slow component was not completed until 220.2 minutes after irradiation. About $30\%$ of dsb formed by irradiation was ultimately unrejoined despite the administration of alkaloid fraction. The administration of alkaloid fraction had a great effect on the second slow component of repair; the half-time of fast component repair was not changed, but that of slow component was 621.8 minutes. Conclusion: Neutral filter elution assay Proved to be a very effective method to quantitate the extents of DNA dsb formation and its repair. By using this technique, we were able to evaluate the efficiency of alkaloid fraction from Korean ginseng as a valuable radioprotector. Alkaloid fraction can be used prophylactically to prevent or ameliorate the severe radiation damages in workers and neighbors around the atomic power plants. For more refined study, however, more advanced purification of alkaloid fraction wil be needed in the near future.