• Carbon letters
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.206-210
• /
• 2010

Removal of dyes Reactive Blue 221, N Blue RGB and Acid Blue MTR using two different samples of activated carbon by static batch method was studied. Experimental data on optical density of solutions at different concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L and of solutions after adsorption on activated carbon samples were measured. Calibration curves were plotted and the amount of dye $q_e$ adsorbed was calculated. The data was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for two different carbon samples and different concentration and pH values. Constants were calculated from the slope and intercept values of the isotherms. Coefficient of correlation $R_2$ and Standard Deviation SD were also noted. The data fitted well to the isotherms. Carbon sample $C_1$ showed higher potential to adsorb all the three dyes. Adsorption was higher at lower concentrations. Carbon sample $C_2$ showed better adsorption in acidic pH as compared to in alkaline pH. From the analysis of the data capacity of $C_1$ and $C_2$ to remove the dyes from water have been compared.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1999

본 연구는 망간단괴와 그로부터 유가금속을 침출한 잔사를 카드뮴 폐수의 흡착제로 이용하는 기초실험으로 초기 카드뮴 농도에 따른 흡착성을 살펴보았다. 또한 이를 Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin 등온흡착식에 적용하여 각 흡착계를 설명하였다. 카드뮴 이온의 초기농도가 증가함에 따라 흡착량은 증가하였으나 흡착성은 점차로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이를 Freundlich, Langmuir 식에 적용한 결과, 선형성을 나타내었다. 그리고 Freundlich 식에서 흡착제의 흡착능력을 평가하는 k값은 망간단괴가 11.72로 제일 컸다. 망간단괴의 경우는 Langmuirtlr의 단분자층을 형성하여 흡착되는 흡착질의 최대흡착량인 $X_m$값또한 0.16으로 침출잔사, 잔사-생단괴 혼합, 활성탄에 비해 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.204-210
• /
• 1991

Citrate 공침법으로 합성한 여러가지 perovskite형 복합산화물 흡착제에 대한 질소와 아르곤의 흡착등온곡선을 액체질소 온도에서 BET 중량 흡착장치를 사용하여 측정하였다. 여러 universal adsorption isotherm을 이용하여 흡착층의 통계적 두께 t를 구한 후, 측정한 흡착량을 각각의 통계적 두께 t에 대해서 도시하였다. 이 V-t plot으로부터 얻은 t-method 표면적과 BET 표면적을 비교하였다. 그리고 이 도시 결과에 입각해서 여러 universal adsorption isotherm의 적합성을 고찰하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.218-225
• /
• 1996

수증기 흡착등온식이 5개의 한국토양 표토에서 측정되었다. 이 실험을 통하여 BET와 아라노비치 흡착식의 적용이 가능하였다. BET 등온시은 상대적 수증기압의 범위가 0.03~0.33이었고 아라노비치식에서는 0.03~0.6범위이었다. 계산된 표면적은 BET보다 아라노비치식에서 높았고 흡착에너지는 반대로 나타났다. 토양에서 수증기의 흡착을 해석하는데는 아라노비치 방법이 유용하였다.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2003

The Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the over-potentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) fur the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reaction (HER) at the poly-Au and $Rh|0.5M\;H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interfaces have been studied using cyclic voltammetric and ac impedance techniques. The behavior of the phase shift $(0^{\circ}{\leq}{-\phi}{\leq}90^{\circ})$ for the optimum intermediate frequency corresponds well to that of the fractional surface coverage $(1{\geq}{\theta}{\geq}0)$ at the interfaces. The phase-shift profile $({-\phi}\;vs.\;E)$ for the optimum intermediate frequency, i.e., the phase-shift method, can be used as a new electrochemical method to determine the Langmuir adsorption isotherm $({\theta}\;vs.\;E)$ of the OPD H for the cathodic HER at the interfaces. At the poly-Au|0.5M $H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interface, the equilibrium constant (K) and the standard free energy $({\Delta}G_{ads})$ of the OPD H are $2.3\times10^{-6}$ and 32.2kJ/mol, respectively. At the poly-Rh|0.5M $H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interface, K and ${\Delta}G_{ads}$ of the OPD H are $4.1\times10^4\;or\;1.2\times10^{-2}$ and 19.3 or 11.0kJ/mol depending on E, respectively. In contrast to the poly-Au electrode interface, the two different Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the OPD H are observed at the poly-Rh electrode interface. The two different Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the OPD H correspond to the two different adsorption sites of the OPD H on the poly-Rh electrode surface.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.943-962
• /
• 2014

Industrial gas drying, dilute gas mixtures purification, air fractionation, hydrogen production from steam reformers and petroleum refinery off-gases, etc are conducted by using adsorptive separation technology. The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) has certain advantages over the other methods, such as absorption and membrane, that are a low energy requirement and cost-effectiveness. A key component of PSA systems is adsorbents that should be highly selective to a gas being separated from its mixture streams and have isotherms suitable for the operation principle. The six standard types of isotherms have been examined in this review, and among them the best behavior in the adsorption of $CO_2$ as a function of pressure was proposed in aspects of maximizing a working capacity upon excursion between adsorption and desorption cycles. Zeolites and molecular sieves are historically typical adsorbents for such PSA applications in gas and related industries, and their physicochemical features, e.g., framework, channel structure, pore size, Si-to-Al ratio (SAR), and specific surface area, are strongly associated with the extent of $CO_2$ adsorption at given conditions and those points have been extensively described with literature data. A great body of data of $CO_2$ adsorption on the nanoporous zeolitic materials have been collected according to pressure ranges adsorbed, and these isotherms have been discussed to get an insight into a better $CO_2$ adsorbent for PSA processes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.747-754
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 $1,000^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 열처리된 활성탄에서 다이옥신과 유사구조를 갖는 o-DCB(ortho-dichlorobenzene)의 등온흡착식을 실험을 통하여 구하였고, 분자모사를 통하여 예측하였다. 실험으로 분석된 활성탄의 분자식 및 작용기 비율을 바탕으로 초기 활성탄 기본구조를 설계한 후, COMPASS(condensed-phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulation studies) force field를 이용하여 이 구조를 최적화하였다. 최적화된 활성탄 분자구조에서 공극률, 비표면적, 및 입자밀도의 모사결과는 실험값과 비교되었고, 이들에 대한 실험과 모사결과의 오차는 각각 7.62, 3.79, 2.80%를 보여주었다. 통계 열역학적 방법인 GCMC(Grand Canonical Monte Carlo) 기법을 이용하여, 최적화된 활성탄 구조에서 온도에 따른 o-DCB의 등온흡착 상수값을 예측하였으며, 이 모사결과는 실험값과 비교될 때, 3% 이하의 오차를 보였다. o-DCB의 흡착특성을 바탕으로 확인되어진 활성탄 구조에서 다이옥신의 일종인 2,3,7,8-TCDD(tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) 등온흡착상수, 흡착열, 그리고 기공확산계수를 최종적으로 구함으로서, 실험적으로 구하기 힘든 맹독성 잔류성 유기물질의 흡착특성을 분자모사기법을 통하여 예측하였다.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2006

The phase-shift method for determining the Langmuir, Frumkin, and Temkin adsorption isotherms ($\theta_H\;vs.\;E$) of H for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reaction (HER) at a Pt/0.1 M KOH solution interface has been proposed and verified using cyclic voltammetric, differential pulse voltammetric, and electrochemical impedance techniques. At the Pt/0.1 M KOH solution interface, the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms ($\theta_H\;vs.\;E$), the equilibrium constants ($K_H=2.9X10^{-4}mol^{-1}$ for the Langmuir and $K_H=2.9X10^{-3}\exp(-4.6\theta_H)mol^{-1}$ for the Temkin adsorption isotherm), the interaction parameters (g=0 far the Langmuir and g=4.6 for the Temkin adsorption isotherm), the rate of change of the standard free energy of $\theta_H\;with\;\theta_H$ (r=11.4 kJ $mol^{-1}$ for g=4.6), and the standard free energies (${\Delta}G_{ads}^{\circ}=20.2kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for $k_H=2.9\times10^{-4}mol^{-1}$, i.e., the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and $16.7<{\Delta}G_\theta^{\circ}<23.6kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for $K_H=2.9\times10^{-3}\exp(-4.6\theta_H)mol^{-1}$ and $0.2<\theta_H<0.8$, i.e., the Temkin adsorption isotherm) of H for the cathodic HER are determined using the phase-shift method. At intermediate values of $\theta_H$, i.e., $0.2<\theta_H<0.8$, the Temkin adsorption isotherm ($\theta_H\;vs.\;E$) corresponding to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm ($\theta_H\;vs.\;E$), and vice versa, is readily determined using the constant conversion factors. The phase-shift method and constant conversion factors are useful and effective for determining the Langmuir, Frumkin, and Temkin adsorption isotherms of intermediates for sequential reactions and related electrode kinetic and thermodynamic data at electrode catalyst interfaces.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2007

The phase-shift method and correlation constants, i.e., the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques for studying linear relationships between the behaviors (${\varphi}\;vs.\;E$) of the phase shift ($0^{\circ}{\leq}-{\varphi}{\leq}90^{\circ}$) for the optimum intermediate frequency and those (${\theta}\;vs.\;E$) of the fractional surface coverage ($1{\geq}{\theta}{\geq}0$), have been proposed and verified to determine the Langmuir, Frumkin, and Temkin adsorption isotherms (${\theta}\;vs.\;E$) of H for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reaction (HER) at noble and transition-metal/aqueous solution interfaces. At the Pt/0.1 MKOH aqueous solution interface, the Langmuir, Frumkin, and Temkin adsorption isotherms (${\theta}\;vs.\;E$), equilibrium constants ($K=5.6{\times}10^{-10}\;mol^{-1}\;at\;0{\leq}{\theta}<0.81$, $K=5.6{\times}10^{-9}{\exp}(-4.6{\theta})\;mol^{-1}\;at\;0.2<{\theta}<0.8$, and $K=5.6{\times}10^{-10}{\exp}(-12{\theta})\;mol^{-1}\;at\;0.919<{\theta}{\leq}1$, interaction parameters (g = 4.6 for the Temkin and g = 12 for the Frumkin adsorption isotherm), rates of change of the standard free energy ($r=11.4\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for g=4.6 and $r=29.8\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for g=12), and standard free energies (${\Delta}G_{ads}^0=52.8\;kJ\;mol^{-1}\;at\;0{\leq}{\theta}<0.81,\;49.4<{\Delta}G_{\theta}^0<56.2\;kJ\;mol^{-1}\;at\;0.2<{\theta}<0.8$ and $80.1<{\Delta}_{\theta}^0{\leq}82.5\;kJ\;mol^{-1}\;at\;0.919<{\theta}{\leq}1$) of OH for the anodic $O_2$ evolution reaction (OER) are also determined using the phase-shift method and correlation constants. The adsorption of OH transits from the Langmuir to the Frumkin adsorption isotherm (${\theta}\;vs.E$), and vice versa, depending on the electrode potential (E) or the fractional surface coverage (${\theta}$). At the intermediate values of ${\theta}$, i.e., $0.2<{\theta}<0.8$, the Temkin adsorption isotherm (${\theta}\;vs.\;E$) correlating with the Langmuir or the Frumkin adsorption isotherm (${\theta}\;vs.\;E$), and vice versa, is readily determined using the correlation constants. The phase-shift method and correlation constants are accurate and reliable techniques to determine the adsorption isotherms and related electrode kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. They are useful and effective ways to study the adsorptions of intermediates (H, OH) for the sequential reactions (HER, OER) at the interfaces.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2009

The adsorption of phenolic compound resorcinol on activated carbons prepared from Moringa oleifera (Drumstick bark) has been investigated. Activated carbon was prepared by impregnating Moringa oleifera with 50% phosphoric acid in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2(w/w), designated as MOAC1 and MOAC2. Equilibrium and isotherm studies were carried out. The influences of variables such as contact time, initial concentration of resorcinol, carbon dosage in the solution on percentage adsorption and adsorption capacity of the bark have been analysed. The equilibration time was found to be 4 h. Kinetics of resorcinol onto activated carbons was checked for pseudo first order and pseudo second order model. It was found that the adsorption of resorcinol follows pseudo second order kinetics for both MOAC1 and MOAC2. The isotherm data were correlated with isotherm models, namely Langmuir and Freundlich. Adsorption isotherms were satisfactorily fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich model for MOAC1 and MOAC2.