• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권10호
• /
• pp.442-447
• /
• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 등속성 장비를 이용하여 고등학교 야구선수들을 대상으로 주관절 근육의 평가 기준치를 설정하는데 있다. 상지에 의학적으로 문제가 없는 고등학교 야구선수 201명을 대상으로 하였다. 주관절 검사는 HUMAC NORM(CSMI, USA) system을 이용하여 굴곡, 신전운동을 부하속도 $60^{\circ}/sec$에서 4회를 실시하였으며, 절대근력(peak torque)와 상대근력(peak torque % body weight)을 측정하였다. Cajori의 5단계(6.06%, 24.17%, 38.30%, 24.17%, and 6.06%)로 구분한 구간추정(interval estimation)방식에 의해 평가 기준치를 나타내었다. 이 연구의 결과에서 각속도 $60^{\circ}/sec$에서 주관절의 절대근력(peak torque) 굴근의 평균은 $37.88{\pm}8.14Nm$ 신근은 $44.59{\pm}11.79Nm$으로 나타났으며, 상대근력(peak torque % body weight) 굴근의 평균은 $50.06{\pm}8.66Nm$ 신근은 $58.28{\pm}12.84Nm$로 나타났다. 각속도 $60^{\circ}/sec$에서 주관절 굴근(flexer)과 신근(extensor)의 절대근력(peak torque)과 상대근력(peak torque % body weight)의 평가기준치는 설정하였다. 이 연구에서 분석 된 결과를 토대로 다음과 같이 결론을 이끌어 냈다. 주관절은 야구선수들에게 가장 많이 발생되는 손상임에도 불구하고 국내외 주관절 근력에 관한 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 주관절 손상을 예방하고 경기력 향상을 위해 상대적 근력 수준과 훈련효과를 보다 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 근력 척도가 필요하다. 주관절의 절대근력과 상대근력의 평가기준치를 제시함으로서 고교선수, 야구지도자, 선수트레이너, 재활전문가 등에게 손상회복 및 재활 복귀 시 유용하게 자료가 될 것으로 생각되며, 객관적인 임상 평가 데이터로 활용하는 데 매우 유용한 정보라고 사료된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the isokinetic moment of quadriceps and hamstring strength ratio among women of different ages. The study population consisted of 1,184 women referred to the Health Promotion Center at the S district. All subjects were aged 20 to 69 years old and divided into 5 groups; 20s (n=248), 30s (n=255), 40s (n=248), 50s (n=228), and 60s (n=205). The strength of the knee extensor and flexor, quadriceps, and hamstring of all the participants were assessed at 60 degrees/second with an isokinetic machine. We calculated the peak torque, peak torque %BW (%Body Weight), deficit of peak torque and hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA to investigate statistical differences in strength variation between different age groups and were computed by ${\Delta}%$ difference from women in their 20's. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Peak torque of the knee extensor, quadriceps, were significantly reduced in women older than 30, but peak torque of the knee flexor, hamstring, were significantly reduced in women older than 50 compared to women in their 20's. (p<.05). 2. Peak torque %BW of the knee extensor, quadriceps, were significantly reduced in women older than 20, but peak torque %BW of knee flexor, hamstring, were significantly reduced in women older than 40 compared to women in their 30's (p<.05). 3. Compared to the women in their 20's, there was no significant difference among any of the age groups in the deficit of peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor, but the deficit of peak torque of knee extensor among women between 30 and 50showed significant difference within the normal range of deficit. 4. Compared to the women in their 20's, there was no significant difference among any of the age groups in the hamstring/quadriceps ratio These results showed that peak torque, peak torque %BW, deficit of peak torque, and hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee were reduced in each age group, but especially among the women over 50. Further longitudinal study may be needed to see if volume of muscle mass and intervention of exercise affect knee strength in spite of aging.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.142-150
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Restoration of ankle stability through the strengthening exercise of peroneus muscles is considered an important factor for achievement of successful outcomes, in the rehabilitation program following ankle ligament injuries. However, there were few definitive data on normal muscle strength, including eversion power by peroneus muscles. This study was conducted to evaluate the muscle strength of ankle joint measured using an isokinetic dynamometer in normal Koreans. Materials and Methods: Sixty adults (120 ankles) were recruited and divided into three groups (20 in their twenties, 20 in thirties, and 20 in forties). Each group consisted of 10 males and 10 females. The selection criteria were no history of ankle injury and no evidence of instability. The peak torque, total work, and deficit ratio were measured using the Biodex$^{TM}$ (Biodex Medical Systems). Differences in muscle strength by age, gender and dominant versus non-dominant side were analyzed. Results: The peak torque of dorsiflexion was average 31.5 Nm at $30^{\circ}/s$ of angular velocity and 18.8 Nm at $90^{\circ}/s$; average 69.3 Nm ($30^{\circ}/s$) and 42.4 Nm ($90^{\circ}/s$) on plantarflexion; average 19.6 Nm ($30^{\circ}/s$) and 10.8 Nm ($90^{\circ}/s$) on inversion; average 12.9 Nm ($30^{\circ}/s$) and 8.0 Nm ($90^{\circ}/s$) on eversion. The deficit ratio of strength in women was average 61.1% of men on dorsiflexion; average 66.2% on plantarflexion; average 48.5% on inversion; average 55.4% on eversion. The deficit ratio in non-dominant foot was average 88.6% of dominant foot on dorsiflexion; average 90.1% on plantarflexion; average 85.1% on inversion; average 85.6% on eversion. Conclusion: The muscle strength of the ankle joint showed a tendency to weaken with age. There were significant differences in muscle strength by gender and dominancy. Further studies for comparison of patients with ankle instability, a comparison between before and after surgery for instability, the correlation between clinical outcomes and the recovery in muscle strength will be needed.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Today, it enjoys a sports and a leisure where the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury patient increase. The knee joint is important means of human body movement and to do an important duty when it encounters ACL injuries of the knee joint and the many restriction follows in the life which is ordinary. When it is damaged ACL, it comes to determinate that ACL reconstruction and preservation treatment that the according to condition of ligament and knee joint. After ACL reconstruction, that is the fact which already becomes known the exercise treatment advances a recovery and to reduce a sequela. Methods : we researched the method of exercise treatment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction operation by journal of science direct and KISS in daecu university. Results : The representative exercise treatment is isometric exercise, isokinetic exercise isotonic exercise and complex exercise but what kind of exercise treatment most is effective, it revealed and support it was not. The method of exercise treatment is very various, so It causes a confusion made to the therapist and patients. So it executes once again it sought the kinetic therapeutic method which is efficient from this research and it tried to observe preceding research after ACL reconstruction. To operation a various the exercise treatments, operation only the treatment which is general compared to it was effective in muscular power and muscle functional improvement. But this like improve despite with the exercise treatment consequence which is continuous from research of most the pain leg compares to the health leg, it appeared the discrepancy which is a muscular power, a muscular endurance and a hypertrophy muscle etc, to the health leg or before operating 100% of muscular power to having gets the many therapy time was the recovery rate. Conclusion : Therefore after ACL reconstruction, it will become the many research continuously which is improve the muscle functional and ROM of the exercise treatment method and From therapeutic site of the patients it does to memorizes knowledge in advance about ACL injuries and the application the isokinetic treatment or exercise program are the set of necessary, frequency and amusement that considers complex what kind of therapeutic exercise becomes accomplished with the patient take care of attention.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.538-546
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 앞십자인대 재건술 환자에게 신경근전기자극 및 경피신경전기자극을 적용하여 근력과 통증, 관절가동범위 및 공포-회피반응에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 한 연구이다. 앞십자인대 완전파열로 인해 관절경재건술을 받은자를 대상으로 신경근전기자극군(n=14), 경피신경전기자극군(n=14)으로 나누었고 각 군은 일반적인 물리치료를 받은 후 각 중재를 적용받았다. 각 전기치료 중재는 1일 1회 30분, 주 3회씩 4주간, 총 12회 규칙적으로 적용하였다. 중재방법에 따른 평가에는 무릎관절의 굽힘과 폄시 등속성 근력, 통증, 무릎관절 가동범위, 공포-회피반응이 포함되었다. 연구결과 신경근전기자극군과 경피신경전기자극군 모두에서 통증, 관절가동범위, 공포-회피반응에서 유의한 개선이 있었다. 하지만 등속성 무릎 굽힘 및 폄근력의 경우 신경근전기자극군에서만 유의한 개선이 있었다. 또한, 신경근전기자극과 경피신경전기자극 두 전기치료 방법간, 근력, 통증, 관절가동범위, 공포-회피반응에선 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구를 통해 신경근전기자극과 경피신경전기자극은 앞십자인대 재건술 환자의 통증, 관절가동범위, 공포-회피반응에 효과적인 중재방법이 될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었지만 넙다리네갈래근 근력을 개선시키기 위해서는 신경근전기자극이 더욱 효과적일 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2010

The lower limb orthosis with a pneumatic rubber actuator, which is intended for the assistance and the enhancement of muscular activities of lower limbs was developed in this study. Compared to other knee extension assistive devices being developed by other researchers, our device is designed especially for the elderly people and intended only for slight assistance so that the subjects can keep their muscular strength. For the effectiveness of system, muscular activities of major muscles in lower limbs during sit-to-stand (STS) and squat motion were measured and analyzed. Subjects were performed the STS and squat motion with and without lower limb orthosis. We made comparison muscular activities between with and without lower limb orthosis. Lower limb orthosis was controlled using muscular stiffness force feedback that is controlled by muscular activities of the measured muscle from force sensor. For analysis of muscular activities, electromyography of the subjects was measured during STS and squat motion, and these were measured using MP 150(BIOPAC Systems, Inc.). Muscles of interest were rectus femoris(RF), vastus lateralis(VL), vastus medialis(VM) and vastus intermedius(VI) muscles in lower limbs of the right side. A biodex dynamometer was used to measure the maximal concentric isokinetic strength of the knee extensors of wearing and not wearing orthosis on right side. The test were performed using the concentric isokinetic mode of test with the velocity set at 60°/s for muscles around the knee joints. The experimental result showed that muscular activities in lower limbs wearing orthosis using muscular stiffness force of a vastus medialis muscle was reduced and knee extension torque of an knee joint wearing lower limb orthosis was increased. With this, we confirmed the effectiveness of the developed lower limb orthosis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.691-700
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 젊은 여성을 대상으로 필라테스 운동이 하지 근력과 밸런스에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 연구 목적을 두고 실시하였다. 20명의 젊은 여성들을 대상으로 통제군 10명, 필라테스 운동군 10명으로 2개 집단을 분류하여 실험 절차에 따라 진행하였다. 필라테스 운동군은 운동프로그램에 따라 주 3회의 빈도로 매 회 60분, 총 8주 동안 운동을 실시하였다. 통제군과 필라테스 운동군은 실험 전 후로 신체구성 측정과 하지 등속성 근력 측정, 신체 밸런스 측정을 하였다. 측정한 자료를 통계적으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 필라테스 운동 집단이 운동 실시 8주 후, 신체구성 변화에서 근육량이 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.01). 슬관절 근 기능 변화에서는 $60^{\circ}/sec$에서 오른쪽 신근 최대근력과 오른쪽 신근 총 일량이 5% 수준에서 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 또한 $180^{\circ}/sec$에서는 왼쪽 굴근 최대근력이 5% 수준에서 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 마지막으로 밸런스의 변화에서는 집단 내 비교에서 오른발 밸런스에서(p< .01), 공분산분석 결과에서는 양발과 오른발 밸런스 변화에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 결론적으로 8주 동안의 필라테스 운동은 신체구성과 하지 등속성 근력과 밸런스에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.1821-1828
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 육상 투척선수들의 plometric training과 weight training 프로그램 훈련이 순발력 및 민첩성과 최대 근력의 운동능력 향상에 어떠한 영향을 가져오는지 검증하기 위하여 고등학교 재학 중인 투척선수 21명을 대상으로 plyometric training과 weight training을 10주간의 트레이닝을 실시하여 여자 집단(10명)과 남자 집단(11명)으로 분류하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 순발력에 있어서 제자리멀리뛰기, 서전트 점프, 30 m 달리기는 트레이닝 전에 비해 두 집단 모두 향상도를 보였으며, 여자 집단이 더 높은 향상도를 나타냈다. 민첩성에 있어서 사이드스텝, 버피 스텝, 전신반응 테스트는 트레이닝 전에 비해 모두 향상도를 보였으며, 사이드스텝과 버피 스텝은 여자 집단이 더 높은 향상도를 나타냈으며, 전신반응 테스트는 남자 집단이 더 높은 향상도를 나타냈다. 하지 근력에 있어서 squat, leg press는 트레이닝 전에 비해 모두 향상도를 보였으며, 여자 집단이 더 높은 향상도를 나타냈다. 무릎 관절 등속성 근력에 있어서 왼쪽, 오른쪽 신근력과 굴근력은 트레이닝 전에 비해 모두 향상도를 보였으며, 왼쪽 신근력은 남자 집단이 더 높은 향상도를 나타냈으며, 왼쪽 굴근력, 오른쪽 신근력, 오른쪽 굴근력은 여자 집단이 더 높은 향상도를 나타냈다. 상지의 근력에 있어서 Bench press, 배근력은 트레이닝전에 비해 모두 향상도를 보였으며, 여자집단이 더 높은 향상도를 나타냈다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.429-440
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of knee joint position sense following local and general load protocols in 25 healthy male subjects. Proprioception of the knee joint was evaluated by measuring absolute angular errors at matching angles before, after and between 2 different types of load protocols. Proprioception tests(on the dominant knee) were performed in which proprioception of the passivepassive reproduced and active-active reproduced knee position was measured. Local load was provided with maximum isokinetic knee extension-flexion on the isokinetic dynamometer(Cybex), and general load was 10 minutes running on a treadmill. Peak torque(knee extension and flexion) and heart rate(beats per minute) was evaluated as an indicator of local and general fatigue during load protocols. The results were as follows: 1. For pasive-pasive reproduced knee position test, significant difference in absolute angular errors after general load protocol was detected compared with that before general load protocol(P<.05), significant difference in absolute angular errors after local load protocol was detected compared with that before local load protocol(P<.05). However, no significant difference in absolute angular errors of general load protocol was detected compared with that of local load protocol (P>.05), no significant difference in absolute angular errors of local load protocol was detected compared with that of general load protocol(P>.05). 2. For active-active reproduced knee position test, significant difference in absolute angular errors after general load protocol was detected compared with that before general load protocol(P<.05), significant difference in absolute angular errors after local load protocol was detected compared with that before local load protocol (P<.05). Also, significant difference in absolute angular errors of general load protocol was detected compared with that of local load protocol(P<.05), significant difference in absolute angular errors of local load protocol was detected compared with that of general load protocol(P<.05). 3. A significant decrease of peak torque of knee extensors and flexors was seen after local load, although heart rate was significantly increased(P<.05). No significant change of peak torque of knee extensors and flexors was seen after general load(P>.05), although heart rate was also significantly increased(P<.05). The previous study revealed that knee proprioception is significantly altered when the muscle mechanoreceptors are dysfunctional due to muscle fatigue, although the joint mechanoreceptors have no significantly effect on knee proprioception when the presence of knee muscle fatigue. However, the results of this study are different from those of the previous study in that muscle weakness of the knee could not be seen after general load. This study shows that general load may diminish motor control by the central nervous system. Proprioceptional decline without muscle weakness of knee after general load suggests a change in the proprioceptional pathway without influence from muscle mechanoreceptors.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.376-382
• /
• 1981

페나실브로미드와 치환아닐린류와의 반응속도를 메탄올과 DMF중에서 전기전도도 법으로 측정한 결과 반응속도는 치환기의 전자를 주는 능력이 강할 수록 빨랐으며, 메탄올 속에서 보다 DMF 속에서 더 빨랐다. ${\delta}H^{\neq}$와 ${\delta}S^{\neq}$ 사이에서는 등속 관계가 성립하였으며, 이때 등속 온도는 메탄올에서는 $539^{\circ}K$, DMF에서는 $400^{\circ}K$ 였다. 그러나 p-니트로 아닐린은 용매효과 때문에 직선에서 벗어났다. $Br{\o}nsted$ plot의 경우 메탄올과 DMF에서 log k = 0.57p$K_a$-1.28 (r = 0.996) in MeOH at $45^{\circ}C$; log k = 0.65p$K_a$-0.88 (r = 0.970) in DMF at $45^{\circ}C$,로서 좋은 직선관계가 성립하였다. Hammett${\sigma}$ 도시 결과 이 반응은 아닐린의 친핵치환 반응이었으며, 다음의 식이 얻어졌다. log k/$k_0$ = -2.00${\sigma}$ + 0.06 (r = 0.985) in MeOH; log k/$k_0$ = -2.22${\sigma}$ + 0.08 (r = 0.995) in DMF. 그리고 DMF에서 $4-NO_2$기가 직선에서 벗어났다. 이는 치환기에 의한 용매효과에 기인하는 것이라고 생각된다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 반응의 치환기 효과는 전이상태에서 결합의 형성이 보다 우세한 $S_N2$ 메카니즘으로 진행되고 있으며, 결합의 형성은 DMF 용매에서 더욱 진행되고 있다.