• 제목/요약/키워드: irrigation drainage canal

검색결과 39건 처리시간 0.028초

청산도 구들장논의 분포와 물리적 구조에 관한 연구 (Geographical Distribution and Physical Structure of Gudle-jang Paddy-field in Cheongsando)

  • 조영재;유학열;윤원근;최식인;이영옥
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2012
  • This study aims to find out the geographical distribution, the physical structure and characteristic of Gudle-jang Paddy-field in Cheongsando. On the basis of this study, the potential value and the assignment for the preservation of Gudle-jang Paddy-field were suggested. Gudle-jang Paddy-field is centrally distributed to Cheongsando and has various features as follows. First, it has the Ondol structure which is used Gudle-jang. Second, it has an irrigation canal which has functions of the tank and the prevention of cold-weather damage as well as the irrigation and drainage canal. The values of Gudle-jang Paddy-field are as follows; 1) It is the peculiar and inherent agricultural structure which is only found in Cheongsando. 2) It is the structure that the agricultural civil engineering and the agricultural water management technique of traditional methode are applied. 3) It has the worths of the traditional culture of Korea. 4) It is the important resource creating superb rural landscape of the region. In spite of these values of Gudle-jang Paddy-field, there were little efforts to preserve it. From now on, it is needed to form of sympathy about the value of Gudle-jang Paddy-field and to make efforts for preservation of it. Also the institutional and political strategy should be provided to preserve and manage Gudle-jang Paddy-field.

배수로 물 관개 벼농사의 비점오염원 경감효과 (Use of Drainage Water as Irrigation Resource in the Paddy Field to Mitigate Non-point Source Pollutants)

  • 김춘송;고지연;이재생;정기열;박성태;구연충;강항원
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 농경지와 농촌마을로부터 발생하여 소하천으로 유입되는 비점오염물질을 경감시키기 위하여 농업간선배수로 끝의 논에서 배수로 물을 관개수로 이용하였을 때 수질정화효과를 살펴보고, 비점오염물질 정화를 위한 효과적인 벼 재배 양식을 탐색하기 위하여 수행하였다. 모든 벼 재배양식에서 하천으로 유입되는 비점오염물질이 정화되는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 잡초의 건물량을 포함한 벼 재배양식별 총건물생산능력은 기계이앙재배에서 가장 높았으나, 무경운자연재배와는 차이가 적었고, 비점오염물질인 T-N과 $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$의 흡수량은 기계이앙재배 > 무경운자연재배 > 건답직파재배 순으로 높았다. 벼 전 생육기간동안 비점오염물질의 정화량은 T-N과 T-P, K 모두 무경운자연재배 > 건답직파재배 > 기계이앙재배 순이었는데, 기계이앙에 비하여 무경운자연재배에서 T-N 323, T-P 12, K 183 kg $ha^{-1}$가 더 정화되었으며, 건답직파재배에서는 T-N 68, T-P 0.7, K 16 kg $ha^{-1}$가 더 정화된 결과를 보였다. 기계이앙재배는 건물생산량과 비점오염물질의 흡수량은 가장 많았으나 관개 소요량이 적고 시비에 의하여 비점오염물질의 정화효과는 상대적으로 낮았다. 벼 생육단계별 비점오염물질정화량은 기계이앙재배의 경우 분얼기 > 결실기 > 신장기 순으로 높았으나, 무경운자연재배와 건답직파재배에서는 결실기 > 분얼기 > 신장기 순이었다. 벼 재배양식별 쌀수량은 기계이앙재배의 4,698 kg $ha^{-1}$와 비교하여 무경운자연재배는 13%, 건답직파재배는 15% 감수되었다.

북한 농업생산기반조성 현황과 협력 방안 (Cooperation Measures for Agricultural Infrastructure Development in North Korea)

  • 최진욱
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
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    • pp.134-158
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    • 1998
  • The objectives of this article are to identify the current status of agricultural infrastructure in North Korea and to suggest some cooperation measures among South and North Koreas and international agencies in order to develop the North Korea's agricultural infrastructure. The area of cultivated land in North Korea is 1,992 thousand ha (paddy field: 585 thousand ha: upland: 1,407 thousand ha) in 1997. Major water use facilities in North Korea are 1,900 reservoirs (included 100 big dams), 36,400 irrigation pumping stations, 1,600 drainage pumping stations, and 14'a,000 wells. In addition, there is 'two thousand Ri canal construction project' linking the rivers of Aprok, Daeryong, Daedong, Jaeryong, and Yesong. The unit of paddy land consolidation is about 1 ha which is regarded as rational for agricultural mechanization. The project of 'Darak' upland construction to create small size farmland, which has been carried out since 1976 has been unsuccessful due to the shortage of construction equipment. The area of farmland created by reclamation by 1995 is only 75 thousand ha although the potential project area is at)out 320 thousand ha along the western coast. It is due to the fact that civil engineering technologies and equipments are old and investment funds are insufficient. These are a few suggested areas of cooperation among South and North Korea and international agencies in order to improve North Korea's agricultural infrastructure : i) see land reclamation and land consolidation projects to increase paddy fields for rice production; ii) rehabilitation project in farm land areas devastated by flood; and iii) agricultural water development project which including diagnosing and rehabilitating irrigation and drainage facilities.

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Performance and flow field assessment of settling tanks using experimental and CFD modeling

  • Nouri, Alireza Zamani;Heydari, Mohammad Mehdi
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제8권5호
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    • pp.423-435
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    • 2017
  • Settling Basins are one of the most important and popular methods for removal of suspended sediments irrigation and drainage networks or power canals taking off from an alluvial river and wastewater treatment plant. Improving the performance and so increasing sediment removal efficiency of settling basins by an alternative method is necessary. In the present work, the effect of baffle and its angle of attack with the flow (${\theta}$) on the sediment removal efficiency is investigated by conducting a series of experiments on a straight canal with 8 m length, 0.3 m width and 0.5 m height and 3 m length of basin equipped with an adjustable glass baffle. A numerical analysis has been carried out using ANSYS Fluent 3D software (a general purpose computational fluid dynamics simulation tool) for three Froude numbers from the experiments. The numerical and experimental results were found to match reasonably well.

기계화를 전제로 한 산간경사지답경지정리방안에 관한 연구(II) (A Study on the Methodology of Land-Consolidation Sloping Paddies in land Vallry for the Farm-Mechanization (II))

  • 황은
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.57-68
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    • 1982
  • The paddy fiels slope located in Kangweon province Hwyongsung gun Gonggeun myon Shinchonri was considerably steep and so it was impossible to economically consolidate the field up to date. But for the porpose of farm mechanization, the field (32. 27ha) was consolidated by the auther under the assitance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery and,;the Administration of Kangweon province. This paddy field consolidation was caused by the treatise on "Land-consolidation methods for farm mechanization in the steep-sloped paddy field", of which the auther is the same. The constrution was carried out from September, 1981 to April, 1982. During the 4esign and construction, some Peculiarities were found and discussed. That is, in design, besides the common condititions for a design, some special conditions were considered and written below; (1) The ranges of field slope in this design were 1/100-1/30. (2) Long sides of the land readjustment blocks must be arranged abreast contour line, and so they make the amount of cutting and banking decreased so as to take the maximum advantage of the configuration of the field. (3) In design, the main principles of dividing blocks were written below; i) First of all, long side of a block should be drawn straight abreast a contour line. ii) Long side of a block should arrange abreast contour line and make its length 100-150m, if not, l)reak the side in order to make a bended rectangle. iii) Length of a short side should be determinded within differences of elevation (0.6 -1. 2m) between the two adjacent blocks toward the normal to a contour line. iv) Length of a short side should be above 15m and the ratio of long and short side should be slso kept 1: (4-6). v) A new field surface leveling was determinded from the elevation which produce the least amount of cuttingand banking within the range of 0.6-1. 2m diffe rences of elevation between the two adjacent blocks. vi) In the course of dividing blocks with the same width along the line which was normal to a contour line, all blocks connot keep their shape in a retangle because of steep slope of the field and so on, and so it was also necessory to make some non-retanglar and small blocks such as a trianglar or trapezoidal shape, which was impossible to use some of farm machinery. But because this non-rectanglar and small blocks were divided, larger and many rectanglar blocks can be divided and construction cost can also be lowered. According to the conditions discussed above, the paddy field consolidation project designed and constructed. And the results of this study were obtained as below; (1) Three-forth of total cost of this paddy field consolidation was not construction cost, and these cost consist of land grading (1/4), road and canal construction cost (1/4) and the other cost (1/4) such as surveying or materials and 56 on. (2) The steeper the land slope, the greater cost was assigned for road and canal construction, and than land grading. (3) Curtailment of the road and canal construction cost depended on simplificating their strutures. (4) In the case of the land slopes were low, the land grading cost was high by 1: 1.4 in comparison with the road and canal construction cost, and conversely when the slops were steep, the road and canal construction cost was high by 1 : 5 in compa- rison with the land grading cost. (5) The densities of irrigation canal, drainage canal and trunk and branch road were 150. Sm/ha, 60. im/ha and 17. 4m/ha respectively. The density of irrigation canal of the area was high by 2 times in comparison with the average one of Kangweon Province, and the others were nearly the same. (6) Most farmers (above 85%) knew the effects of paddy field consolidation. The effects are; 1) Improvement of irrigation 2) Improvement of farm management 3) Improvement of transportarion 4) farm mechanization and 5) grouping of the scattered land. And the more farm modernization was accomplished by these projects, the more farmers wanted to live in their land. (7) In spite of the very steep sloped paddy field, the diminution rate of the net farm land caused by consolidation was 7.7% which was nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain of Kangweon province. Land grading cost was 971, OOOwon/ha which was rather cheap by 13.2% than the one of Ghulweon plain, and unit construction cost was 5, 341, OOOwon/ha (included soil addition) which was also nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain and FNFIA (The federation of national farmland improvement association).

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수로의 기계화 시공의 필요성 (The need for mechanization in todays canal building program in korea and overseas)

  • Ha, Gordon P.wkins
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 1979
  • 옛날에는 인력(人力)으로 수로(水路)를 만들었으나 기계(機械)의 발달(發達) 및 임금(賃金)의 상승(上昇)에 따라 기계화(機械化) 시공(施工)이 경제적(經濟的)으로 유리(有利)하게 되었으며 앞으로 이런 현상은 더욱 가속(加速)될 것이다. 수로(水路)의 기계시공(機械施工)은 굴착, 정리(整理), 포장(鋪裝)으로 나누어지며 굴착은 수로(水路)의 단면(斷面)을 대략적인 형태(形態)로 만드는 것이고 정리(整理)는 포장(鋪裝)을 할수 있게 .수로(水路)의 사면(斜面)과 바닥을 정확한 모양으로 다듬는 것이다. 정리(整理)의 정밀도(精密度)에 따라 포장용(鋪裝用) 재료(材料)의 양(量)이 크게 좌우(左右)된다. 자동정리기(自動整理機)는 종래의 것이 $20{\sim}40mm$의 표면(表面) 요철(凹凸)이 생기게 하나 현재(現在)는 ${\pm}6mm$의 정도(程度)까지 가능(可能)하다. 현재(現在)의 자동기계(自動機械)는 1인(人)의 운전원(運轉員)이 1일(日) $1,000{\sim}2,000m^3$까지 굴착 정리(整理)를 할수 있다. 콘크리트 포장(鋪裝)은 인력(人力)비빔으로 할때 1일(日) $2m^3/day$의 양(量)도 어렵고 로타리 믹서를 써도 $20m^3/day$ 정도(程度)이나 콘크리트 뱃치 푸랜트로 하면 $100{\sim}500m^3\day$가 가능하다. 그러나 대형(大型) 포장기(鋪裝機)를 사용(使用)하면 1일(日) 대형(大型) 수로(水路) $300{\sim}1,000m$를 포장(鋪裝)할수 있다. 수로(水路)의 기계시공(機械施工)은 콘크리트 포장(鋪裝) 두께를 균일(均一)하게 하므로써 콘크리트 비용(費用)을 최대(最大)로 절감(節減)하며 포장(鋪裝)의 품질(品質)을 좋게한다. 수로(水路)의 기계시공외(機械施工外)에도 많은 새로운 기계(機械)들이 사용(使用)되고 있으며 이러한 기계(機械)의 활용(活用)이 기술발전(技術發展)에 크게 기여하게 될 것이다.

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마이크로 관류수차의 상수도 관로시스템 적용에 관한 연구 (Application of Micro Cross-Flow Turbine to Water Supply System)

  • 최영도;쿠로카와준이치
    • 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.36-43
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    • 2006
  • Recently, micro hydropower and it's useful utilization are taking a growing interest as a countermeasure of global worming by carbon dioxide and exhaustion of fossil fuel. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of extracting micro hydropower wasted by a valve in water supply system using micro cross-flow hydraulic turbine. In order to fulfill the functions of controlling flow rate and pressure in substitute for the valve, air and water are supplied into an air suction hole which is installed on the side wall of micro cross-flow hydraulic turbine. The results show that in case of supplying a lot of air into the air suction hole, about 50% of flow rate and relatively high value of loss coefficient are controlled by the turbine. Moreover, including high possibility of applying the micro cross-flow turbine to water supply system, extended application of the turbine to the water discharge system of drainage and irrigation canal.

벼 직파재배(直播栽培) 입묘율향상(立苗率向上)과 도복경감(倒伏輕減) (Improvement of Seedling Stand and Lodging Prevention in Direct Seeded Rice)

  • 오윤진;김정곤
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.200-222
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    • 1992
  • The results of recent researches for improvement of seedling stand in direct seeded rice on the dry paddy in Korea were summarized as the following ; a variety to be cultivated should be chosen the characteristics of high percentage germination under low temperature, shorter period of shoot emergence, and better growth of the mesocotyl and shoots. Meanwhile, there was 40% increase in seedling stand at the treatment of removal of the seed awn under using the drill seeder. After seeding the rice seed covered with soil of 3cm depth was better seedling emergence and also there was the hightest seedling emergence at the 70% of moisture content of the soil. In addition, the application of the Release containing GA 10% enabled to increase the seedling stand and furthermore it was effective under deep seeding depth. The optimum seeding date should be seeded around May 10 when mean air temperature is above 12-13$^{\circ}C$ so that may establish more less 70% in seedling stand. Based on an appropriate seedling stand of 150/$m^2$, the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. It was the best in seeding method using drill seeder and the most desirable recommended seeding method was the drill seeder in terms of seedling stand. In order to improve seedling stand water management was more effective in canal irrigation and in drainage at 6hr after irrigation following by the seeding process. On the other hand, for the increase of seedling stand under flooded condition a variety might have characters being better germination at low concentration of dissolved oxygen and vertically deeper growing of the crown root. Also, seedling stand was able to increase with the seed coating of $CaO_2$in the flooded soil. It was possible to be seeded on the early part of May being mean air temperature of avove 10$^{\circ}C$ and the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. For an effective water management water would be flooded up to 3cm depth for 2-3 weeks after seeding. The rice plant grown under the direct seeded cultivation might be not so much strong in lodging resistance compared to that grown under the transplanting and moreover direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition would be more weak growth of the rice plant than that on dry paddy. Meanwhile, the lodging would be affected by the seeding rate, the soil depth after seeding. and seeding method even in the same variety. In particular, roots in the lodging pattern of direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition were largely distributed on the soil surface so that resulted easily in the lodging. In general, the lodging resistance would be greater as seeding rate and amount of N fertilizer application are lower and soil depth after seeding is higher. Among the introduction of different seeding method the high ridged drill seeding method on dry paddy soil resulted in the lowest in the lodging index and also it was lower in the drill seeding method than in the scattering seeding method under flooded condition. In case of more than 150 seedlings per $m^2$ there was a severe lodging due to high lodging index at the 3rd and 4th internodes. The effective lodging prevention was able to at the treatment of the Inabenfide at 45 days before heading and the Uniconazol at 15 days before heading which caused the shortage by 10-15cm in culm length. Also, fertilizer management using split application of nitrogen would be contributed the reduction of lodging at the rate of 20-30-20-20-10%(basal-5th leaf stage-7th leaf stage-panicle initiation stage-heading stage) on the dry paddy soil.

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애완토끼에서 과잉성장된 하악치아의치신경치료 연구 (Nonvital Pulp Therapy of Elongation of Roots of Mandibular Cheek Teeth in Pet Rabbits)

  • 박천식;차세연;강민;김주리;정순욱;장형관
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.474-482
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    • 2012
  • 애완 토끼의 치아는 정교하게 배열되고 정렬되어 서로 마모되면서 그 형태와 교합을 유지한다. 어떠한 요소이던 치아의 위치를 변화시키는 요소는 비록 작은 부분이라고 하더라도 부정교합을 일으키고 크라운의 과잉성장을 야기한다. 토끼의 후천적 치아질환과 부정교합은 치아 뿌리의 성장을 특징으로 한다. 이러한 현상은 애완토끼에게서 흔히 발생한다. 정상위치를 벗어난 치아 뿌리는 두개골을 관통하여 농양을 형성한다. 치아문제와 관련된 임상증상으로는 식욕저하, 유연, 치근농양, 과도한 눈물분비가 있다. 임상증상이 나타난 토끼들에게는 치신경 치료가 필요하다. 이 논문은 통증, 식욕부진, 유연, 과도한 눈물분비, 누낭염 증상으로 치신경 치료를 받은 토끼들의 외과적 절차와 수술후 회복과정을 간략하게 서술하였다. 31케이스 중 후천적 치아질환을 치료하기 위해 10마리의 토끼는 치신경 치료를 받았다. 치신경 치료는 치아 뿌리의 성장을 영구적으로 해결하기 위한 방법이다. Root canal 의 치수 조직을 제거한 후 식염수로 세척하였다. 이후 Guatta percha points와 IRM으로 치수강을 채웠다. 치신경 치료 후 10개중 8개의 케이스에서 예후가 좋았고, 토끼 보호자분들의 수술후 관리가 양호하였다. 본 결과를 통하여 하악 어금니의 치아 뿌리가 과잉성장한 케이스에서 치신경 치료가 수행될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.