• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 1995

This study was designed to determine the relationship between sperm acrosome reaction following ionophore challenge(ARIC) and hamster ovum sperm penetration assay(SPA) as assessment of fertilizing capacity of male. ARIC test and SPA were performed in 23 fertile and 19 subfertile men. The results were as follows; Sperm concentration was significantly higher in fertile group compared with subfertile group: $114.6{\pm}64.40$ vs $61.3{\pm}46.50{\times}10^6/ml$. However, there were no significantly differences in seminal volume, motility and motility index, respectively. There was a significantly correlation between spontaneous and induced AR in fertile and subfertile group, respectively. ARIC value was significantly higher in fertile group, compared with subfertile group: $12.0{\pm}5.57%$ vs $2.6{\pm}4.96%$. Both Penetration rate(PR) and Penetration index(PI) were significantly higher in fertile group, compared with subfertile group: $97.4{\pm}7.40%$ vs $64.9{\pm}36$. 20% and $5.4{\pm}2.88$ vs $1.5{\pm}1.47$, respectively. The Positive predictive value(PPV), Negative predictive value(NPV), sensitivity and specificity of ARIC test (cut-off: 8.5) and SPA(PI cut-off : 3.0) in predicting fertility were 95.0%, 81.8%, 82.6%, 94.7% and 95.2%, 85.7%, 87.0% and 94.7%, respectively. There was no significantly difference in predicting fertility between ARIC test and SPA. In conclusion, ARIC test was shown to have a predictive value for fertilizing capacity comparable to that of the hamster ovum sperm penetration assay. Therefore, ARIC test may be a simple and cost-effective addition to existing semenology instead of SPA.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2006

본 연구는 융합 전 수핵란의 활성화 처리 유무와 활성화 처리 시간이 소 체세포유래 핵이식란의 체외 발육능에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 수행하였다. 소 체외성숙란의 탈핵 후 체세포 핵을 이식하고 일부는 전기 융합 후 활성화를 유기하였고(pre-AC), 일부는 먼저 활성화 처리 후 융합을 실시(post-AC)하였다. 난자의 활성화는 $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore(A23187)로 처리 후 DMAP로 4시간 배양하는 방법으로 유기하였다. 핵이식란은 CR1aa액에서 9일간 배양하여 발육율을 검토하였으며, 활성화 후 30분${\sim}$2.5시간에 고정하여 confocal microscope하에서 핵형 변화를 검사하였다. 배반포기까지 발육율은 post-AC구(20.6%)가 pre-AC(15.3%)보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 또한 활성화 처리를 하여 핵이식란의 배 발달을 비교한 결과 post-AC구가 더 늦은 배 발달 속도를 나타내었다. Post-AC구를 활성화 후 30분, 2시간, 4시간으로 나누어 융합하여 발육율을 검토한 결과 발육율에 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 수핵란의 활성화 시간에 따라 핵이식란의 발육 및 핵형이 영향을 받을 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2000

용매고분자막 상에 칼륨과 다양한 나트륨이온 선택성 중성 운반체의 착물형성상수(${\beta}_{MLn}$)를 고분자막형 광센서(optode)와 이온선택성 전극(ISE)을 이용하여 결정하였다. 수소이온선택성 발색물질(chromoionophore : ETH 5294)에 가장 널리 쓰이는 나트륨 이온선택성 물질들(4-tert-butylcalix[4]arenetetraacetic acid tetraethyl ester, ETH 2120, bis[(12-crown-4)methyl] dodecyl-methylmalonate 및 monensin methyl ester)을 첨가한 막과 첨가하지 않은 막으로 두 가지 다른 조성의 PVC 막을 제작하여, 일정 pH(0.05 M Tris-HCl, pH7.2)에서 알칼리금속 양이온(나트륨과 칼륨)의 농도 변화에 따른 광학적 감응을 측정하고, 또 일정한 알칼리금속 양이온 농도(0.1M)에서 pH변화에 따른 광학적 감응을 측정하였다. 또한 유사한 조성의 막을 각각 재래식 전극체에 장착하고 일정한 알칼리금속 양이온의 농도(0.1M)에서 pH 변화에 따른 전위치를 측정하였다. 양이온/수소이온의 활동도 비($a_{M^+}/a_{H^+}$)와 상대흡광도로 도시한 광센서 감응곡선과 수소이온농도에 따른 전위차 감응곡선으로부터 나트륨 이온선택성 리간드들의 착물형성상수를 결정하였다. 목적이온과 방해이온에 대한 착물형성상수들의 비로부터 얻어진 값은 실험적으로 얻어진 이온선택성 전극의 선택계수와 근접함을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2023

석곡의 줄기는 전통 동양의학에서 위를 보하고, 진액을 보충하며, 열을 내리는 것에 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 RBL-2H3 세포에서 비만세포 탈과립과 TNF-α, IL-4, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) 발현에 미치는 석곡 열수추출물(DME)의 효과를 조사하였다. DME는 PMA와 Calcium ionophore 병행처리(PMACI)에 의해 유도되는 β-hexosaminidase 분비와 TNF-α, IL-4, HDC 발현을 현저히 억제하였다. 또한 PMACI에 의해 유도되는 NF-κB, AP-1 활성과 p38 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)과 c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)의 인산화가 DME 전처리에 의해 저해되었다. 이러한 결과들은DME가 비만세포 탈과립을 억제하고, MAPKs/NF-κB/AP-1 신호전달 경로를 통해 TNF-α, IL-4, HDC 발현을 억제한다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구결과들로 보아 DME는 과민반응과 염증성 질환을 치료하는 약물로 개발될 가능성을 가지는 것으로 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.799-804
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• 2006

Ingestion of green tea has been shown to decrease prostaglandin $E_2$ levels in human colorectum, suggesting that tea constituents modulate arachidonic acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of four purified green tea catechins, (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), on the catalytic activity of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) and release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites from intact cells. At $50\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited $cPLA_2$ activity by 19 and 37%, respectively, whereas EC and EGC were less effective. The inhibitory effects of these catechins on arachidonic acid metabolism in intact cells were much more pronounced. At $10\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites by 50-70% in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (KYSE-190 and 450). EGCG and ECG also inhibited arachidonic acid release induced by A23187, a calcium ionophore, in both HT-29 and KYSE-450 cell lines by 30-50%. The inhibitory effects of green tea catechins on $cPLA_2$ and arachidonic acid release may provide a possible mechanism for the prevention of human gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.481-485
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• 2008

As an inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), D609 has been widely used to explain the role of PC-PLC in various signal transduction pathways. This study shows that D609 inhibits group IV cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$), but neither secretory $PLA_2$ nor a $Ca^{2+}$-dependent $PLA_2$. Dixon plot analysis shows a mixed pattern of noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition with $K_i=86.25{\mu}M$ for the $cPLA_2$ purified from bovine spleen. D609 also time- and dose-dependently reduces the release of arachidonic acid from a $Ca^{2+}$- ionophore A23187-stimulated MDCK cells. In the AA release experiment, $IC_{50}$ of D609 was ${\sim375}{\mu}M$, suggesting that this reagent may not enter the cells easily. The present study indicates that the inhibitory effects of D609 on various cellular responses may be partially attributable to the inhibition of $cPLA_2$.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2005

The uptake of putrescine, spermidine and spermine by Fortner's hamster amelanocytic melanoma AMEL-3 cells was observed in this study to be time-dependent, temperature-sensitive, pH-dependent and saturable. Metabolic poisons nullified polyamine uptake, an indication that this is an energy-requiring mechanism. The presence of $Na^+$ ions was found to be requisite to full activity. Valinomycin, gramicidin, monensin and the calcium ionophore calcimycin were also observed to inhibit the process substantially. The transporter active site would seem to contain sulfhydryl groups. Other diamines and polyamine analogues, as well as cationic diamidines, suppressed putrescine uptake. The presence of the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor DFMO in the culture medium induced putrescine inflows. Putrescine, in turn, induced the negative expression of the carrier, thus suggesting that this influx mechanism is governed by up/down regulation. The cationic diamidine CGP 40215A and its analogue CGP039937A competitively inhibited putrescine transport, with Ki values of 1.9 and $15{\mu}M$, respectively. The role of polyamine uptake in these cultures is discussed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.887-892
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• 2004

Cheonggeumganghwa-tang(CGT) has been used for the purpose of prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma and allergic asthma in Korea. To investigate the biological effect of CGT, the author examined cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokines secretion with human mast cell line, HMC-1. HMC-1 was stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187. CGT by itself had no effect on viability of HMC-1. The effects of CGT on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 from HMC-1 were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CGT (1 ㎎/㎖) inhibited PMA plus A23187 -induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion, by 93.86 ± 2.05%, 68.69 ± 2.86%, respectively. CGT also inhibited the NF-κB (p50) expression. Taken together, these results suggest that CGT inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells through blockade of NF-κB activation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2004

A PVC membrane electrode for silver ion based on a new cone shaped calix[4]arene (CASCA) as membrane carrier was prepared. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response for $Ag^+$ over a wide concentration range ($1.0{\times}10^{-1}-8.0{\times}10^{-6}$M) with a slope of 58.2 {\pm}$ 0.5 mV per decade. The limit of detection of the sensor is $5.0{\times}10^{-6}$M. The sensor has a very fast response time (~5 s) in the concentration range of ${\leq}=1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M, and a useful working pH range of 4.0-9.5. The proposed sensor displays excellent discriminating ability toward $Ag^+$ ion with respect to common alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of $Ag^+$ with EDTA and in direct determination of silver ion in wastewater of silver electroplating.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-71
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• 2000

카르복시산과 이황하물 다리를 가지며 산화환원 활성이 있는 칼릭스[4]아렌을 합성하였고 그것이 은과 금 표면 위에 자발적으로 흡착하는 것을 관찰하였다. 칼릭스[4]아렌은 특이한 구조 때문에 수용액에서 알칼리 토금속이온에 선택적인 친화력을 보인다 한편 둥그런 이온 수용체를 전극 위에 고정시켰을 때 금속 이온을 포획하는 것을 전압전류법 및 분광학적인 연구를 통해 확인하였다. 아울러 EDTA와 같은 강한 킬레이트제를 이용하여 이온을 가역적으로 제거할 수 있음을 보였다.