• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 1997

The affection of activated carbon on the dissolved aluminum ion in drinking water has been observed. In addition, the aluminum ion removal capability of activated, alumina, chitosan, and ion exchange resin have been investigated. Experimental results indicated that the coal based activated carbon released considerable amount of aluminum ion to the water while coconut shell based activated carbon didn't. However the release was not continuous. Activated alumina didn't show any recognizable removal capability for aluminum ion in water. Particulate chitosan has removed aluminum ion although dissolved chitosan has not. However it need to development a regeneration process for chitosan to be an effective mean for aluminum ion removal. Ion exchange resin showed a reliable aluminum ion removal capability. The ion exchange capacity was 2.63 meq/g resin for the aluminum ion in drinking water.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1989

According to the increase of population and development of industrialization air and water pollution problems are still keeping going to great nuisance to human activities. Specially man should drink 2l clean water to maintain our health every day, but we afraid of drink the city tap water because of the contaminants like heavy metals, bacteria trihalomethane, etc. In the analysis of the anions in potable water, we usually adapt the Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. But this method is tedious and time consuming, so the Ion Chromatography method is now used in research of water quality. Author worked with Ion Chromatography in measuring the anions in drinking water by attaching conductivity dector to normal High Performance Liquid Chromatograph. Low-capacity ion-exchange coulmn and dilute eluents, 0.00M phthalic aic was used in this study. The concentration of chloride ion was 1.55 ppm$\~$3 8.81ppm, nitrate ion was 5.45 ppm$\~$18.27ppm, and sulfate ion was 19.64 ppm$\~$28.86 ppm. The phosphate ion was detected only in Apt. tap water as 167.99 ppm whose amount was supposed to be used as a water pipe cleaner.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2017

The following thesis researched into the characteristics of electrolytic ion water with different levels of electrical conductivity by adding NaCl into tap water which is for experimental use in multi-layered electrolytic ion water generator. Electrolytic ion water is generated by underwater electrolysis and the electrolysis generator has a simple structure, is easy to control and is highly utilized in industries. Electrolytic ion water is useful in many areas since it has a superior sterilizing power, has no possibility of secondary pollution itself as water and removes active oxygen. In the experiment, we used tap water with NaCl excluded and water with three different levels of electrical conductivity by changing NaCl concentration levels into three levels. The features of current and voltage in electrolytic ion water represented a form of quadric instead of the linear characteristic following ohm's law. As well, as the electric conductivity of water and applied voltage increased, we were able to generate much stronger acid water and alkali water.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2023

The increasing demand for two-dimensional imaging analysis using optical or electronic microscopic techniques has led to an increase in the use of simple one-dimensional and two-dimensional mass spectrometry imaging. Among these imaging methods, secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has the best spatial resolution using a primary ion beam with a relatively insignificant beam diameter. Until recently, SIMS, which uses high-energy primary ion beams, has not been used to analyze molecules. However, owing to the development of cluster ion beams, it has been actively used to analyze various organic molecules from the surface. Researchers and commercial SIMS companies are developing cluster ion beams to analyze biological samples, including amino acids, peptides, and proteins. In this study, a water droplet ion beam for surface analysis was realized. Water droplets ions were generated via electrospraying in a vacuum without desolvation. The generated ions were accelerated at an energy of 10 keV and collided with the target sample, and secondary ion mass spectra were obtained for the generated ions using ToF-SIMS. Thus, the proposed water droplet ion-beam device showed potential applicability as a primary ion beam in SIMS.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2012

To enhance the efficiency of water treatment and reduce the extent of membrane fouling, the membrane separation process is frequently preceded by other physico-chemical processes. One of them might be ion exchange. The aim of this work was to compare the efficiency of natural organic matter removal achieved with various anion-exchange resins, and to verify their potential use in water treatment prior to the ultrafiltration process involving a ceramic membrane. The use of ion exchange prior to ceramic membrane ultrafiltration enhanced final water quality. The most effective was MIEX, which removed significant amounts of the VHA, SHA and CHA fractions. Separation of uncharged fractions was poor with all the resins examined. Water pretreatment involving an ion-exchange resin failed to reduce membrane fouling, which was higher than that observed in unpretreated water. This finding is to be attributed to the uncharged NOM fractions and small resin particles that persisted in the water.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.2925-2930
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• 2013

We present results of molecular dynamics simulations for hydroxide ion in supercritical water of densities 0.22, 0.31, 0.40, 0.48, 0.61, and 0.74 g/cc using the SPC/E water potential with Ewald summation. The limiting molar conductance of $OH^-$ ion at 673 K monotonically increases with decreasing water density. It is also found that the hydration number of water molecules in the first hydration shells around the $OH^-$ ion decreases and the potential energy per hydrated water molecule also decreases in the whole water density region with decreasing water density. Unlike the case in our previous works on LiCl, NaCl, NaBr, and CsBr [Lee at al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 293, 289-294 and J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 112, 864-869], the number of hydrated water molecules around ions and the potential energy per hydrated water molecule give the same effect to cause a monotonically increasing of the diffusion coefficient with decreasing water density in the whole water density region. The decreasing residence times are consistent with the decreasing potential energy per hydrated water molecule.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2013

전해 산성이온수는 알칼리성 이온수에 비해 응용분야가 음용을 목적으로 하는 알칼리이온수와 많이 다르게 이용되고 있으며 ph 농도에 따라 강산성인 경우 잔류염소에 의한 살균 목적의 소독제로 사용되고, 중산성인 경우 세척과 세안으로 사용하고, 약산성인 경우 식재료와 혼합하여 요리에 널리 사용할 수 있다. 이런 산성이온수를 생성하기 위해서는 물을 전기분해 하여 사용하는데 전기분해 하는 과정에서 염소가스와 수산화나트륨 등의 물질로 살균력을 가지며, 전기분해시 +전극 쪽으로 -이온을 띤 염소, 인, 유황 등의 유기물이 모여져 산성이온수를 만든다. 또한 산성수와 알칼리수를 분리하기 위해서 격막을 사용했다. ph 농도변화의 구현방법은 Microprocessor를 이용하여 강산성에서 약산성 사이의 ph 농도를 PWM(pulse width modulation) 제어로 3종류의 PWM 전압을 전해조 전극에 인가하여 PWM제어에 의한 연속적으로 농도가 조절된 산성수가 생성되게 구현하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.368-376
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• 2009

Studies on the effect of the wall-ion, wall-water, water-ion and ion-ion interaction on properties of water and ions in nano-channels have been performed through the use of different kinds of ions or different models of potential energy between wall-ion or wall-water. On this paper, we address the effect of water-wall interaction potential on the properties of confined aqueous solution by using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. As the interaction potential energies between water and wall we employed the models of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) and Lennard-Jones (LJ). On the MD simulations, 680 water molecules and 20 ions are included between uniformly charged plates that are separated by 2.6 nm. The water molecules are modeled by using the rigid SPC/E model (simple point charge/Extended) and the ions by the charged Lennard-Jones particle model. We compared the results obtained by using WCA potential with those by LJ potential. We also compared the results (e.g. ion density and electro-static potential distributions) in each of the above cases with those provided by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

In this study, cation and anion exchange process for performance evaluation was conducted. A pilot plant for the ultrpure water production was installed with the capacity of $25m^3/d$. The various production rate and regeneration of ion exchange rate were tested to investigate the design parameters. The test resulst was applied to calculate the operating costs. Changing the flow rate of the ion exchange capacity of the reproduction reviewed the cation exchange process as opposed to the design value is 120 to 164% efficiency, whereas both anion exchange process is 82 to 124% efficiency, respectively. This results can be applied for more large scale plant if the scale up parameters are consdiered. The ion exchange capacity of the application in accordance with the design value characteristic upon application equipment is expected to be needed. In this study, the performance of cation and anion exchange resin process was evaluated with pilot plant($25m^3/d$). The ion exchange capacity along with space velocity and regeneration volume was evaluated. In results, the operation results was compared with design parameters.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2021

Ion flotation is an efficient method to remove metal ions from aqueous solution. In this work, ion flotation was applied to calcium removal from aqueous solution. The parameters used included sodium stearate (SS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as collectors, 1-butanol and 1-propanol as frothers, pH, and air-flow rate. An L16 orthogonal array was chosen according to the mentioned factors and levels, and experimental tests were conducted according to the Taguchi orthogonal array. The results showed that all of the factors except one had significant effect on the flotation performance. The percentage contribution of parameters showed that type of frother and type of collector made the greatest (43.14%) and the lowest (9.86%) contribution, respectively. In optimal conditions, the recovery of Ca (II) ion was 45.67%. Also, the results illustrated that the Taguchi method could predict calcium removal from aqueous solution by ion flotation with 2.63%. This study showed that the use of ion flotation was an effective method for Ca (II) ion removal from aqueous solution.