• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.322-325
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• 1997

In this study, we propose a non-invasive method to detect the drowsiness of a driver. The computer vision technology was used to extract an eye, track eyelids and measure the parameters related to the blink. We examined the blink patterns of a driver in drowsy state. For the evaluation of our image processing algorithm, the blink patterns were compared with the measured EOG signals. The result showed that our algorithm might be available in detection of drowsiness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1999

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles are well known to be important for the classical singers. We tried to elucidate any differences in the function of above muscles between trained and untrained singers by non-invasive surface electromyography(EMG). Four trained sopranos and four untrained singers sang vowel /i/ at different pitch(E3, G3, C4, E4, G4, C5, E5, G5, C6). The EMG activities of the suprahyoid, infrahyoid and omohyoid muscles were measured using surface electrodes. In trained singers, infrahyoid muscle activities increased more than those of suprahyoid in most of pitch. To the contrary, in untrained singers, the pattern of EMG activities were variable among each subjects and the EMG activities of suprahyoid muscles were relatively greater than those of infrahyoid.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1855-1856
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 공정 중에 민감하게 반응하는 플라즈마로부터 수집되는 이온에너지 분포(IED : Ion Energy Distribution)와 시계열 신경망 모델링을 결합한 플라즈마 감시 기술을 개발하였다. NIEA(Non-invasive ion analyzer)를 이용하여 IED를 측정하였으며, 모델링에 사용된 신경망은 자기 상관 시계열 신경망(A-NTS : Auto-Correlated Neural Time-Series)이다. 모델 개발을 위한 학습과 테스트 데이터로는 Duty ratio 100%에서 수집한 IED를 이용하였으며, 개발된 모델의 감시 성능은 60%에서 수집된 IED로 평가하였다. 학습인자 k와 m의 범위는 각각 1-3 으로 총 9종류의 (k, m) 조합에 대해서 모델 성능을 평가하였다. 신경망 은닉층 뉴런수는 2-9의 범위에서 최적화하였다. 최적화된 모델은 (2, 3)과 뉴런수 2에서 구해졌으며, 0.335의 예측 에러를 보였다. 60% IED 데이터로 평가한 결과 플라즈마 고장에의 민감도는 62% 이상이었다. 이는 IED의 A-NTS 모델이 플라즈마 고장의 감시에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1050-1053
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• 1996

Basalold squamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm of the upper aerodigestive tract or esophagus. It is characterized by a biphasic pattern in which basaloid tumor is intimately associated with a neoplastic squamous component which can be either Invasive r in situ. Despite its characteristic histologic appearance, the BSC of the esophagus has been confused with esophageal neoplasm variously reported as adenoid cystic carcinoma or carcinoma with adenoid cystic differentiation Their distinction is important because genuine adenoid cystic carcinoma is much less as- gressive than BSC. The biologic course of BSC is similar to that of the more frequent squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. We have experienced a case of BSC of the esophagus in a 60-year-old male patient. The lesion was located in the middle third of the esophagus. The patient was treated with surgery followed by radio- therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5811-5815
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• 2012

Background: Non-invasive oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) and invasive well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have similar histopathologic findings but different biological behavior. These two malignancies must be correctly differentiated by pathologists. The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Ki67 in OVC and well-differentiated OSCC. Methods: Expression of Ki67 was evaluated by IHC in 15 cases of epithelial hyperplasia with no dysplasia (A group), 15 cases of OVC (B group), 12 cases of microinvasive OSCC(C group) and 15 cases of well-differentiated OSCC (D group). Results: There was a significant difference in Ki67 expression based on pattern distribution of immunostaining positive cells, with quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses, among the four groups ; also, between A group and each of the other three groups (P=0.0001). But there was no significant difference between B and C, C and D, and B and D groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The three evaluation methods of Ki67 expression showed Ki67 (Mib-1) is not a good immunohistochemical marker to assess invasion status and differentiate OVC from well-differentiated OSCC; also, it cannot be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between variants of OSCC with similar grade.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.693-698
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• 2012

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer of women worldwide, with considerable geographic and racial/ethnic variation. Data are generally derived from population based cancer registries in the developed countries but hospital data are the most reliable source in the developing countries. Ten years data from 1st Jan 2000 to 31st Dec 2009 of a cancer hospital in Pakistan were here analyzed by descriptive statistics to evaluate the clinicopathologic profile of local breast cancer patients. Among 28,740 cancer patients, 6,718 were registered as breast cancer. The female to male ratio was 100:2. Breast cancer accounted for 23% of all and 41% of female cancers. Some 46% were residents of Lahore, with a mean age of $47{\pm}12$ years. Less than 1% were at Stage 0 and 10%, 32%, 35% and 23% were at Stage I, II, III and IV respectively. Histopathology was unknown in 4% while 91%, 2% and 1% had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and mucinous carcinoma respectively. Rare carcinomas accounted for the rest. Tumor grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11%, 55% and 34% among the known. Profile of breast cancer patients in Pakistan follows a pattern similar to that of other developing countries with earlier peak age and advanced disease stage at presentation. The male breast cancer accounts for higher proportion in the local population. Local women have higher frequency of IDC and lower frequency of ILC and DCIS, owing probably to a different risk profile. Use of hospital information systems and establishment of population based cancer registry is required to have accurate and detailed local data. Promotion of breast health awareness and better health care system is required to decrease the burden of advanced disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3735-3742
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• 2013

Background: Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom), also known as "Queen of Spices", has been traditionally used as a culinary ingredient due to its pleasant aroma and taste. In addition to this role, studies on cardamom have demonstrated cancer chemopreventive potential in in vitro and in vivo systems. Nevertheless, the precise poly-pharmacological nature of naturally occurring chemo-preventive compounds in cardamom has still not been fully demystified. Methods:In this study, an effort has been made to identify the proapoptopic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic targets of Cardamom's bioactive principles (eucalyptol, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, d-limonene and geraniol) by employing a dual reverse virtual screening protocol. Experimentally proven target information of the bioactive principles was annotated from bioassay databases and compared with the virtually screened set of targets to evaluate the reliability of the computational identification. To study the molecular interaction pattern of the anti-tumor action, molecular docking simulation was performed with Auto Dock Pyrx. Interaction studies of binding pose of eucalyptol with Caspase 3 were conducted to obtain an insight into the interacting amino acids and their inter-molecular bondings. Results:A prioritized list of target proteins associated with multiple forms of cancer and ranked by their Fit Score (Pharm Mapper) and descending 3D score (Reverse Screen 3D) were obtained from the two independent inverse screening platforms. Molecular docking studies exploring the bioactive principle targeted action revealed that H- bonds and electrostatic interactions forms the chief contributing factor in inter-molecular interactions associated with anti-tumor activity. Eucalyptol binds to the Caspase 3 with a specific framework that is well-suited for nucleophilic attacks by polar residues inside the Caspase 3 catalytic site. Conclusion:This study revealed vital information about the poly-pharmacological anti-tumor mode-of-action of essential oils in cardamom. In addition, a probabilistic set of anti-tumor targets for cardamom was generated, which can be further confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2003

Aggressive fibromatosis is a rare soft tissue tumor with locally invasive and infiltrative characteristics. The mechanism of this invasive nature was not reported until now. Mutations or reduction of PTEN, tumor suppressor gene, in cancer tissues, have been found to be associated with invasiveness and metastatic properties of cancer cells. To know the pattern of expression of PTEN in aggressive fibromatosis, we analysed the expression of PTEN with immunohistochemical stain and immunoblotting. PTEN was homogeneously expressed in the normal musculoaponeurotic tissues, but absent or very faint in tissues of patients with aggressive fibromatosis as evidenced by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical examinations. Although the meaning of decreased PTEN expression in aggressive fibromatosis is not certain, it might be involved in the growth of the aggressive fibromatosis, and associated with phenotype of aggressive fibromatosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2477-2479
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• 2012

Objective: To study the histomorphological pattern of urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in Manipur and to evaluate whether any correlation exists between tumor grade and muscle invasion. Methods: A 10 year retrospective study of all consecutive cases diagnosed in the Department of Pathology RIMS - Imphal, between $1^{st}$ January 2001 to $31^{st}$ December 2010. Results: The study included 26 cases of transitional cell tumors of urinary bladder. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1 and the ages ranged from 38 years to 73 years (medians of 60 and 64 years, respectively). Of the total, 14 (53.9%) cases were low grade, 9 (34.6%) were high grade, 2 (7.7%) were papillomas and 1 (3.9%) was a papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). Pathological staging showed that 14 (53.9%) of the cases were stage PTa, four (15.4%) PT1, and eight (30.9%) PT2. Some 18.2% of low grade tumors and 75% of high grade tumors were invasive to the detrusor muscle layer. Conclusion: Bladder cancer is an uncommon disease, transitional tumors being the only histological type observed. It was more common in males than females, with peak incidence in seventh decade. Most of the tumors were non-invasive (PTa) and invasion to the detrusor muscle layer was seen in more than half of the high grade tumors. There is a definite correlation between advancing tumor grade and muscle invasion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.531-535
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• 2015

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) refers to the unique ability of highly aggressive tumor cells to mimic the pattern of embryonic vasculogenesis, which was associated with invasion and metastasis. The grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) had attracted much attention as a potential bioactive anti-carcinogenic agent. However, GSPs regulation of VM and its possible mechanisms in a triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) remain not clear. Therefore, we examined the effect of GSPs on VM information in HCC1937 cell model. In this study, we identified the VM structure via the three-dimensional (3D) matrix in vitro. Cell viability was measured using the CCK8 assay. The effects of GSPs on human triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) HCC1937 in terms of related proteins of VM information were determined using western blot analysis. In vitro, the tubular networks were found in highly invasive HCC1937 cells but not in the non-invasive MCF-7 cells when plated on matrigel. The number of vascular channels was significantly reduced when cells were exposed in GSPs ($100{\mu}g$/ml) and GSPs ($200{\mu}g/mL$) groups (all p<0.001). Furthermore, we found that treatment with GSPs promoted transition of the mesenchymal state to the epithelial state in HCC1937 cells as well as reducing the expression of Twist1 protein, a master EMT regulator.GSPs has the ability to inhibit VM information by the suppression of Twist1 protein that could be related to the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) process. It is firstly concluded that GSPs may be an p otential anti-VM botanical agent for human TNBCs.