• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 1976

Upon feeding dried Ginseng to rats of either low-protein or high protein diet ethanol was administered intraperitoneally and disappearance rate blood alcohol was enzymatically measure. In terms of residual blood alcohol after a time lapse of 3.5 hours between intraperitonial administration and blood withdrawal neither ginseng nor ginseng plus 40% casein did improve the rate, of alcohol clearance but sexual difference was clearly demonstrated in favor of female rats. In the case of blood withdrawn only 2 hours after intraperitoneal injection of alcohol, the tendency of female superiority in alcohol clearance rate is demonstrated when a comparison is made among the groups fed with ginseng and this was particularly true is groups of rats fed with basal diet plus 1 percent ginseng residual blood ethanol being 15.4 mg/ml vs. 8.8 mg/ml. Liver homogenate alcohol dehydrogenase activity measured in terms of residual ethanol content after in vitro reaction on which a known amount of alcohol was added clearly demonstrated a male superiority in alcohol clearance.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.418-423
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• 2001

CC-MS analysis on the essential oil (CC-oil) of Cinnamomum cassia stem bark led to the identification of cinnamaldehyde (CNA, 1), 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (2-CNA), coumarin (2), and cinnamyl acetate. The major volatile flavor in CC-oil was found to be 2-CNA. Coumarin was first isolated from this plant by photochemical isolation and spectroscopic analysis. CNA and CC-oil showed potent cytotoxicity, which was effectively prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. Intraperitoneal administration with CNA considerably decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and glutathione S-transferase activity in rats. These results suggest that CC-oil and CNA can regulate the triggering of hepatic drugmetabolizing enzymes by the formation of a glutathione-conjugate.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1994

Hypoglycemic mechanism of brazilin was investigated in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Plasma glucose levels of diabetic rats were significantly ame]iorated by the treatment of brazilin, but there were no changes in plasma insulin levels. Brazilin increased insulin binding capacity to epididymal adipocytes, and Scatchard analysis revealed that this increase in insulin binding was not due to the increase of insulin binding sites but that of binding affinity. 2-Deoxyglucose uptake of epididymal adipocytes was significantly augmented by the intraperitoneal administration of brazilin and the same result was obtained in in vitro study. Glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in epididymal adipocytes were significantly enhanced by the treatment of bracilin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix on serum corticosterone and blood histamine content by immobilization stress in mice. Corticosterone secretion and blood histamine level was significantly increased in mice by subjecting the animals to immobilization stress 1 hr. after intraperitoneal injection of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract (150 mg/kg) and glycyrrhizinic and (15 mg/kg). whereas, administration of cortisol $(7.5\;{\mu}g/kg)$ provoked a decrease in corticosterone secretion and histamine levels. These results suggested that glycyrrhizinic acid was effective on cortiosterone release provoked by immobilization stress and this release was mediated in part by histamine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

Rebamipide, 2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2(1H)-quinolinone-4-yl]-propionic acid, a novel antipeptic ulcer agent, has been reported to prevent various acute experimental gastric mucosal lesions and to accelerate the healing of chronic ulcers. Therapeutic effect of rebamipide was investigated with regard to the inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion of the enzyme which play a profound role in oxygen radicals generation system. Intraperitoneal administration of rebamipide at 60 mg/kg body weight reduced the xanthine oxidase activity, lipid peroxide content in ammonia induced hemorrhagic lesion. These results suggest that the therapeutic effect of rebamipide on gastric mucosal lesion may be in part due to the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase and type conversion rate of the enzyme.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.52-54
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• 2002

The cultured mycelia of fungus Ganoderma lucidum were investigated for the inhibitory effect on the growth of s.c. transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in BDF-1 mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. The cultured mycelia showed antitumor activity with T/C values of 89.6 and 50.3 % at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, compared to adriamycin, which was used a positive control, with T/C value of 54.6 % at 2 mg/kg.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2000

The present study examined the effect of a methanol extract of Evodiae Fructus on the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The systolic blood pressure was measured after rats were pretreated with phentolamine, propranolol, or $N_{\omega}$-nitro-$_{L}$-arginine methyl ester(NAME) and subsequently received methanol extract of Evodiae Fructus. In SHR, intraperitoneal administration of methanol extract of Evodiae Fructus (0.5 mg/kg) produced antihypertensive effect that lasted for at least 4 hours. Antihypertensive effect of Evodiae Fructus was more stronger than that with $\alpha$-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine and was not affected by $\beta$-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. The antihypertensive effect of Evodiae Fructus was abolished by pretreatment of NAME. Our findings suggest Evodiae Fructus has an hypertensive effect, which may be mediated through nitric oxide synthesis.s.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.203-205
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• 1975

The comparison of topic effects of methanol and ethanol on rats and frogs was performed. Intraperitoneal administration in graded doses of absolute alcohols showed specific toxicities on animals, suggesting that these substances had different effects on species specificity of animals. Throughout the experiment, the following results were obtained and summerized here. 1. In rats $LD_{50}$ dose of absolute methanol was $2.65{\mu}l/g$ of body weight, while that of absolute ethanol was $1.85{\mu}l/g$ of body weight. 2. The $LD_{50}$ dose of methanol in frogs was $17.2{\mu}l/g$ of body weight, while that of ethanol was $10.9{\mu}l/g$ of body weight.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.70-76
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• 1976

Pharmacological studies on the water extracts of Sambbcus latipnna var. coreana have confirmed that there are: 1) Remarkable sedative actions in preteated mice with C.N.B (caffeine and sodium benzoate) by the administration of intraperitoneal injection. 2) Antihypertensive actions in rabbits intraperitoneally injected with the extract, and as antihypertensive components, rutin, and crystal A (m.p. $250{\sim}254^{\circ}$, Liberman-Buchard's reaction, positive) were isolated from Sambucus latipinna var. coreana. 3) Marked diuretic actions in mice intramuscular injection with the dose of 600mg/kg.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 1997

The effects of antimetabolite, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), on ultrastrudural changes in the spinal cord of golden hamster were investigated. Intraperitoneal administration of 6-AN (10 mg/kg body weight) every two days gave rise to a marked reduction of about $30\sim40%$ in body weight after $26\sim28$ days ($13\sim14th$ injection). In the lesions of the spinal cord, neuroglial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were severely damaged, but neurons and blood vessels were not affected by 6-AN. The myelin sheath was also affected by 6-AN. Vacuoles observed in the lesions were produced by the swelling and degenerating changes of neuropils and neuroglial cells. Numerous swollen mitochondria and cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the watery cytoplasm of damaged neuroglial cells, but intermediate filaments were well preserved. Especially in the damaged astrocytes, the outer nuclear membrane were partially swollen and formed a halfmoonlike structure. It is suggested that as well as the multivesicular bodies protruding from the swollen dendrites, the conjugation of adjacent vacuoles also participated in the formation of large vacuoles.