• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.772-781
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to assess the sedative effect of intranasal spray with midazolam for management of the uncooperative 20 children aged from 24 months to 92 months who required extensive treatment. The patients were given randomly a dose of 0.2mg/kg of intranasal placebo, intranasal spray with midazolam, and intranasal drop with midazolam. All the children were restrained in a pediwrap and were monitored with pulse oximeter for assessing the pulse rate and peripheral oxygen saturation. According to Fukuta's behavior rating scale, behavior was checked for evaluation of the clinical sedative effect. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Behavior score of intranasal spray with midazolam was lower than intranasal drop with midazolam(P<0.01). 2. Pulse rate was a significant change as a function of dental procedure(P<0.001), however the peripheral oxygen saturation was not influenced significantly by either adiministration route of drug or dental procedure. Clinically, intranasal spray with midazolam were safe and effective sedation in young children undergoing pediatric dental procedures.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2012

Autism patients in general have bad oral hygiene. It is hard for autism patients to get dental treatment as poor communication. Therefore, they may have to be treated by deep sedation or general anesthesia in numerous cases. However, this process requires induction with mask, so it is not easy to do for disobliging autism patient. Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine, has been used in pediatric dentistry or dentistry for the handicapped because of rapid onset. Midazolam can be administered through oral, rectal, intramuscular,intravenous, and intranasal (IN) routes. IN route of midazolam may be considered as effective way to allay for uncooperative autism patients before general anesthesia. In this case report, two autism patients required dental treatment. Intranasal spray of midazolam before general anesthesia was safe and effective procedure of behavioral management.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.782-787
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• 1998

Midazolam의 비강내 분무를 이용한 소아치과 환자의 의식진정하 치과치료 결과, 아래와 같은 특징들이 발견되었으며, 기존의 비강내 점적의 대표적인 단점인 posterior dripping이 대부분 제거되었음에도 불구하고, 상기도감염 등의 경우 보이는 비강내 충혈, 잦은 비루등의 경우에서는 이의 사용이 제한됨을 알 수 있었다. 1. 투여시 불편감의 감소 2. 점적의 경우보다 빠른 약효의 발현 및 회복 3. 점적시 보였던 rhinorrhea등 부작용의 감소 4. 점적시보다 개선된 행동양상의 표현

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 midazolam을 이용한 의식진정 시 길항제인 flumazenil의 투여경로에 따른 효과와 안전성을 평가하기 위함이다. 연구대상으로는 $22{\sim}24$세의 건강한 15명의 자원자를 이용하였으며, 그들은 midazolam 0.2mg/Kg을 비강내 분무하여 진정하였으며, midazolam 투여 40분 후 길항제인 flumazenil 0.2mg을 정맥 내 투여 및 비강 내 투여하였다. 각 투여경로의 안전성과 효과를 평가하기 위해 다음과 같은 관찰이 실시되었다. 대상의 생징후를 관찰하기 위해 pulse oxymeter(Nellcor symphony N-3000, Nellcor Puritan CO., USA)을 이용하여 $SaO_2$ 및 맥박수를 관찰하였고, 전자혈압계(Heartcare 200, National CO., Japan)을 이용하여 이완기 및 수축기 혈압을 관찰하였다. 또한 실험대상의 주관적 평가를 위해 visual analogue scale(VAS)를 이용하여, 진정, 수면, 피로 그리고 태도에 대해 주관적인 평가를 실시하였다. 모든 대상은 특이할 부작용없이 회복되었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 비강내 분무된 flumazenil은 정맥내 투여된 flumazenil에 비해 빠른 회복을 보였으나, 곧이어 정맥내 투여에 비해 깊은 수면상태에 빠졌다. 2. 비강내 투여된 flumazenil 및 정적내 투여된 경우 모두 주의할 부작용 및 생징후의 악화는 관찰되지 않았다. 회복의 목적으로 비강내 분무된 flumazenil의 결과로 미루어 볼 때, midazolam을 이용한 의식진정시 flumazenil의 비강 내 분무를 통해 보다 안전하고, 효과적인 의식진정하 치과치료가 가능하리라 사료된다. 하지만, flumazenil의 적절한 용량 및 효과를 알기위해, midazolam과 flumazenil의 혈장농도를 평가하는 약물동력학적 연구가 계속되어야 하리라 사료된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2000

경희대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 환자중 3회 이상의 치료가 필요한 어린이 22명으로 남아 8명, 여아 14명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자는 ASA I에 해당되었으며 첫 내원시 Frankl 행동분류로 negative 13명, definitely negative 9명이었다. 동일어린이에 대해 midazolam(Dormicum, 한국로슈)을 근육내 투여 (I군, 0.15mg/kg), 비강내 점적 (II군, 0.20mg/kg), 비강내 분무(III군, 0.20mg/kg)를 순서에 무관하게 내원시마다 투여한 후 투여방법과 치료과정에 따른 진정 효과, 심박동수 및 동맥혈 산소포화도 변화의 차이를 비교하여 평가한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 심박동수와 동맥혈 산소포화도는 모든 치료과정에서 안정적이었으며, 약물의 투여방법과 치료과정에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 2. 수면효과에서는 비강내 분무, 비강내 점적, 근육내 투여의 순서로 효과가 크게 나타났으며(P<0.0001), 러버댐 장착기와 충전기를 제외한 모든 치료과정 에서 비강내 분무가 가장 효과적 이었다. 3. 울음, 움직임, 전반적 행동평가에서 비강내 점적, 비강내 분무, 근육내 투여의 순서로 효과가 크게 나타났으며 (P<0.0001), 치료의 모든 과정에서 비강내 점적이 가장 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.325-330
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• 1986

Eosinophilic granuloma is one of the histiocytosis X. It may occur in any bone and tissues, but the one originated from the sternum was rarely reported. Recently, we experienced an eosinophilic granuloma at the manubrium sterni, associated with diabetes insipidus, which was surgically resected. Although intranasal spray of DDAVP has been used for the control of diabetes insipidus, the bony lesion was remitted. With the brief review of the literatures, we report the case.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.137-137
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• 1998

Stability, efficacy, absorption and toxicity of a new nasal spray formulation including salmon calcitonin were studied in the laboratory animals. After the effects of many excipients on the stability of salmon calcitonin were evaluated using HPLC system, we selected taurine. Our experimental composition of salmon calcitonin contains taurine as a stabilizer and HPMC (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose) as an adhesive polymer. After intranasal administration of salmon calcitonin formulations, Mia$\^$(R)/, Men$\^$(R)/ and experimental composition, 22 IU to rats, the reduction percentages of calcium concentration in plasma (ΔD%) were 16.3%, 12.9% and 20.8%, respectively. After intranasal administration of Mia$\^$(R)/, Men$\^$(R)/ and experimental composition to rats, C$\sub$MAX/ (205${\pm}$161, 244${\pm}$117, and 330${\pm}$202 pg/$m\ell$, respectively) and AUC (41585${\pm}$22070, 41191${\pm}$19125, and 63357${\pm}$43126 pg. min/$m\ell$, respectively) were calculated. The permeation coefficients 10$\^$-7/,cm/sec) of salmon calcitonin in Mia$\^$(R)/, Men$\^$(R)/ and experimental composition using Ussing chamber with rabbit nasal mucosa were 4.7${\pm}$1.5, 0.75${\pm}$0.4 and 5.3${\pm}$1.1, respectively. The experimental composition with taurine and HPMC was proved to be excellent because it improved the stability of salmon calcitonin and inhanced the absorption of salmon calcitonin and was not irritative to the nasal mucosa.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2023

Painless treatment determines the quality of pediatric dental care. Although local anesthesia has been used to manage pain in dentistry, children often cite traditional aspirating syringes as a symbol of fear and pain. Adequate pain control during dental procedures may help alleviate fear and anxiety and instill positive oral health attitudes in children. Newer approaches such as intranasal spray, centbucridine, jet injectors, buzzy devices, and acupressure have been developed to help dentists provide near-painless injections while reducing dental anxiety. This review aims to summarize newer approaches to alleviate pain and anxiety in children.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1981

본 연구는 오늘날 뉴캣슬병(ND) 예방접종 목적에 널러 쓰여지는 Adjuvant가 불활화예방약과 약독주 생독예방약(LV)의 두가지 중 특히 논의가 많은 LV의 접종경로에 따르는 면역효과를 밝혀. 그 결과를 일반에게 명확히 제시하여 본병방과에 도움을 주는 목적으로 시행하였다. 이 연구를 위해서 먼저 LV생산재료로 사용되는 $B_1$ 접종 발육계묘에서 얻은 장요막질액의 접종경로별 면역력가를 30일영추를 공시하여 측정한 후, 그 유효량을 사용하여 분무, 비강내적하 근육주사, 음수투여의 4가지 경로를 통해서 상기시험일때와 동일하게 30일추에 각각 접종, 접종경로별로 면역효과를 비교 검토하였다. 그리하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. $10^{8.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$의 역가를 가진 $B_1$독주장요막강액재료의 10진희척 각단계액을 30일추에 대하여 업종경로별 각소정량을 분무, 비강내적하, 근육주사하였을 때 상기재료의 $10^{-2}$ 희척($10^{6.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$) 응용은 만족한 면역성을 부여하였으나 $10^{-3}$희척($10^{5.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$)에서는 만족스럽지 못하였으며 I $D_{50}$(-log)는 근육주사=2.8, 분묘＞4.1, 비강내적하＞4.2이었다. 2. $10^{-2}$ 희포장요막강($10^{6.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$)의 접종경로별 각소정량을 30일령 공시추에 접종경로를 달리하여 접종하였을 때 10,000MLD/$m\ell$ ND 병독/$m\ell$의 근육내접종공격에 대한 내과율은 분무가 93.75%, 비강내적하가 95.3%, 근육내접종이 92.6%의 좋은 성적이었는데 반하여 식수투여는 47.18%로 극히 불량하고, 시험한 4가지 접종경로 중 가장 낮은 성적이었다. 낮은 성적이었다.은 성적이었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 1981

The experimental study was undertaken to confirm the effect of vaccination of birds with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines on the Market by use of th. various vaccination programs. Sixteen groups of birds varying from 2 to f days of age, which were originated from hyper-immunised hens against ND were immunised by three different ways, a live vaccine only, a killed vaccine only, and the combination of a live and killed vaccine according to the each schedule of employed programs. In the administration of a live vaccine only, birds were immunized by one of following methods, the combination of intranasal and intraocular inoculation, intramuscular inoculation, via drinking water and the double inoculation by spray and drinking water application. Except for the double application, all the birds were vaccinated 2,3 or 4 times with two volumes of the virus dose (drinking water application) instructed by the commercial vaccine laboratory, until 21, 28 or 30 days of age, and all the immunized birds 19, 21 or 28 days postvaccination were challenged intramuscularly with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. In the administration of the combination of a live and killed vaccine, birds were immunized 2 or 3 times intranasally at first until 14 or 28 days of age with the same dose of the above experiment of a live vaccine, and then inoculated intramuscularly 1 or 2 times until 60 days of age with 1.0 $m\ell$ of a killed vaccine. And all immunized birds 11 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. In the administration of a killed vaccine only, birds were immunized 3 times intramuscularly until 28 days of age with varied dose (0.2-0.5 $m\ell$) of a killed vaccine and all immunized birds 33 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. The results obtained are summerised as follows: All birds vaccinated by using the combination of a live and killed vaccine program or a killed vaccin only appeared to be refractory. without any sign of illness, to the challenge exposure with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. On the other hand, the survival rates of birds of live vaccine groups immunized by a number of vaccine program such as Salsbury's day old program, 3-3-3 program, the Institute of Veterinary Reserch program and Multiple inoculation program, were 39.58%, 43.7%, 43.75% and 47.80%, respectively. And the survival rates of birds vaccinated with a live vaccine by 4 different ways of administration, i.e., double inoculation by water and aerosol application, intramuscular injection, intranasal instillation and via 4.inking water were 87.50%, 64.06%, 42.18% and 25.00%, respectively.