• The Mathematical Education
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of mathematical instruction through performance task activities based on the The Backward Design, which was suggested at first by Wiggins & McTighe in 1998. The Design deals with a performance assessment task involving the whole objective and its entire content of a lesson. Based on the Backward Design, this study established the mathematical instructional materials, which deal with the concept of 'the sector' taught in middle school, with one large performance task including three small tasks. It is important that in the lesson students be guided to achieve the several learning goals by themselves through reasoning activities. For this purpose, a formal interview was carried out by the subject of three middle school mathematics teachers. As a result, in order to implement the instruction utilizing the performance tasks more efficiently in future, it is required that a large performance task should be selected or developed including the content or problem contexts to be relevant with the real-life challenging situations. In addition, to make students enhance reasoning skills, it is strongly requested that the tasks including the utilization of supplementary materials such as technological devices or manipulatives be dealt with in a lesson.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the strategies and the experiences of 3 university hospitals relevant to environmentally-friendly strategy in their hospitals and to find out the implication for spreading the environmentally-friendly hospital management to other Korean hospitals. The study was progressed from October to November 2010 through the in depth interview with middle manager of the hospitals. Interview items about environmentally-friendly hospital management were selected from ISO 14001, Korean Green Management Certification Scheme, Green Guide Operation Version 2.2 of GGHC, Eco-ChecklistTM, Self-Assessment Tool of "Practice Greenhealth" and some accreditation credits of LEED, BREEAM, GreenStar. The case study result implies that the following strategies are so critical to settle environmentally-friendly hospitals in Korea: 1)understanding about fundamental concept of environmentally-friendly hospital, 2)organizing green teams, 3)purchasing environmentally-friendly goods, 4)benchmarking other successful hospitals, 5)adopting easy & reasonable policy first, 6)managing accumulated data & performance about energy efficiency, and 7)educating the employee about environmentally-friendly hospitals strategies. Hospitals have to keep in pace with the change in government policy and scheme like as GHG & Energy Target Management System, Korean Green Management Certification Scheme, ESCO, and so on for achieving the successful environmentally-friendly hospitals.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-87
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• 2006

This study is to recognize a problem in the practice of performance assessment in elementary school, and to find out some suggestive points for improvement of teaching·learning method in elementary mathematics through assessment by reducing time restriction according to assessment through the practice of self-assessment, peer-assessment and observation, and then by reflecting the results of assessment on teaching learning plan. For that, the questions of study set up are as follows ; 1. How should self-assessment and peer-assessment be applied to in elementary mathematics assessment? 2. How should the time for 'let's play an interesting game' be managed for assessment of elementary mathematics? 3. How should the results of assessment be reflected on the Process of teaching and learning of mathematics? To solve these problems, a researcher of this thesis performed self-assessment, peer-assessment on 40 students of second grade under her charge as a class teacher, and applied observation in the time management process for 'let's play an interesting game' for a semester. self-assessment was made by mathematics journal, self-assessment chart, peer-assessment was by the analysis of conversation record among students in the situations of assessment, and observation was by observation of activity when playing with the results data of play analyzed. the concrete methods of application as follows ; First, mathematics journal was applied $1{\sim}2$ times by each unit with reconstruction into the level of second grade on the basis of the preceding-study models. Second, peer-assessment was applied to the unit-assessment time and the play-activities time by the method of recording·analyzing the contents of conversation among students in the process of assessment. Third, mathematical attitude & dispositions of students making use of the self- assessment table were examined referring to the teaching learning plan. Fourth, the time management for 'let's play an interesting game' was made through the prior recognition of play method and the joyful play-activities by use of the play-plate. Assessment depended on analysis of play-activities results of students making use of an observation form. Fifth, the results of self-assessment, peer-assessment, and observation were analyzed, and then they were made use of as self-observation data, of teacher her/his self, or teaching·learning improvement data. Students' self-assessment datum (mathematics diary, self-assessment sheets, conversation contents in the process of assessment) and observation materials (check lists, Play-activity result materials, conversation contents in the process of play) obtained in the process of application was analyzed as follows ; 1. From the practice of self-assessment in form of mathematics journal, I could obtain not only datum showing how much students was understanding the learning aims by unit time and to any degree they reached but also information about their response to learning datum and favorable type of learning. 2. Assessment by self-assessment chart was useful in planning the mathematics teaching learning process because it helps ascertain mathematical attitude & dispositions of students. 3. Through the application of peer-assessment, students had the opportunity of communicating with other students looking back on his/her explaining process, and teachers could obtain basic materials for assessment of students. 4, In case of time management for 'let's play an interesting game', there was natural extension of play made through time-security by prior looking into the method of play-activity, and then, for a remained time, by making children play a new game. 5, I could easily record the activities of students by use of the observation. form, and make use of it as basic data for descriptive assessment. 6, Each kinds of data obtained from the results of assessment was helpful for securing self-observation materials in the process of teaching learning and for their betterment in mathematics subject. However, because they were in the second grade of elementary school and there was an individual difference, some students could not make use of mathematics diary or self-assessment form properly. In case of these students, assessment data would be obtained through interview or observation. And for effective operation of play, its purpose & method and matters that demand special attention when play-acting should be clearly guided. Also, when applying an effective play in addition to play activities in textbook, to lessons, interesting mathematics lessons could be guided.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an exercise program for postmastectomy patients. Method: This study was conducted from October, 2003 to June, 2004. The exercise program was developed based on literature review and needs assessment using focus group interviews. The subjects for the focus group interview consisted of 11 patients, 13 recovering patients, and 20 nurses from 3 hospitals. Development of the program was proceeded with analysusm design and development steps. Result: The results of the needs assessment using the focus group interview showed that the exercise program was imperative for postmastectomy patients. Based on the results, a home video tape containing 3 steps, was developed. Each step includes warming-up, stretching, the main exercise, and cool-down. Steps 2 and 3 include exercises with an elastic band, and an elastic ball. The program was modified after conducting a pre-test. A self-checklist including shoulder mobility, hand strength, arm volume and subjective comments on how they feel will be used before and after the exercise program. Conclusion: The exercise program will improve breast cancer patients' quality of life and their physical well-being. Further studies are recommended to test the effectiveness of the exercise program.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.53-64
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• 2016

The government is mapping out R&D innovation measures aimed at improving the qualitative level of the performance of national R&D projects that are supported by grants or public funds. This paper proposes ways of making improvements in technology planning, project assessment, performance management, and results evaluation in order to boost the efficiency of the country's promotion of ICT R&D projects, as well as to upgrade the processes involved with its technological innovation system at each of the commercialization stages of its R&D projects. According to our experts' in-depth survey and interview, it has been found that technology planning is the most important phase in the full cycle-based technological innovation system and that the promotion of a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches is the most reasonable. This paper also suggests it is necessary to secure a process for exploring technological opportunities as the preparatory phase for technology planning, and that it is desirable to reflect the technology demand map associated with the technology road map. Currently, R&D projects are divided into policy designation, designation contest, and free contest. To minimize the inefficiency associated with indiscriminate competition, this paper proposes the introduction of a general contest system in order to change the project assessment system into one based on the results of the competition in each category(e.g. firms, universities, research institutions, etc.).

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.63-86
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• 2017

This research aims to evaluate the effects and the shortcomings of strategies for teaching paraphrasing to foreign university students. For this study, the effects of teaching paraphrasing skills on student's academic writing was investigated through the assessment of pre- and post-test writing tasks and through a focus group interview. The teaching of paraphrasing was divided into 3 instructional sessions and the focus group interview was conducted at the end of the last session. After each instructional session three trained assessors evaluated the outcomes of pre and post task writings; the in-depth focus group interviews were conducted on seven of the students in order to define better positive effects as well as shortcomings. By comparing the scores of pre- and post-task assignments it is possible to affirm that there is a meaningful difference for overall scores; moreover, in an analysis conducted on each single sub-element of the paraphrasing skill, it emerged that except for "task completion", all other four elements of "structure", "understanding core content", "change of expression" and "academic expressions" showed a statistically significant improvement in performance. On the other hand, as a result of the focus group interview, it was possible to individuate as main shortcomings insufficient vocabulary knowledge, poor overall comprehension of the reference material, lack of practice and difficulty in connect sentences organically. It is possible to consider these elements as limiting factors in understanding the reference material and making correct citations by the students. Therefore, we suggest as supplementary instructional strategies a deeper attention to the difficulty level of the text, the introduction of devices to understand better the content of the reference material and an integrated practice of the paraphrasing skill.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2021

With the wide spread of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) scales, many studies attempt to apply them in routine teaching and rater training, while more evidence regarding criterial features at different CEFR levels are still urgently needed. The current study aims to explore complexity features that distinguish and predict CEFR proficiency levels in oral performance. Using a quantitative/corpus-based approach, this research analyzed lexical and syntactic complexity features over 80 transcriptions (includes A1, A2, B1 CEFR levels, and native speakers), based on an interview test, Standard Speaking Test (SST). ANOVA and correlation analysis were conducted to exclude insignificant complexity indices before the discriminant analysis. In the result, distinctive differences in complexity between CEFR speaking levels were observed, and with a combination of six major complexity features as predictors, 78.8% of the oral transcriptions were classified into the appropriate CEFR proficiency levels. It further confirms the possibility of predicting CEFR level of L2 learners based on their objective linguistic features. This study can be helpful as an empirical reference in language pedagogy, especially for L2 learners' self-assessment and teachers' prediction of students' proficiency levels. Also, it offers implications for the validation of the rating criteria, and improvement of rating system.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-84
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• 2001

There are many activities to improve Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) performance and safety such as equipment improvement, redundancy and the like. Since public perception about NPP safety affects nuclear policy of site selection. Recent researches for NPP safety are including not only technical approaches but also social ones. In. this contexture, the purpose of this study is to develope cuassal loop digaram for assessment of organizational and human factors in NPP safety. Through real data from interview with NPP employees we develope causal loop diagram which can explain the relations of cause and effect among variables, and depict social system for organizational and human factors in NPP safety.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.275-283
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance status of the ligal examination of risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs). The study was based on in-depth interviews with the persons in charge of the examination in 63 sampled companies, which are various in location, type of industry and size. The interviews were carried out based on detail questions as well as a predefined checklist. The main findings are as follows: 1) More than half of the companies did not properly comply with the laws in performing the examination of MSDs risk factors; 2) In about 60% of the companies, the examination has been carried out by their own persons; 3) 38% of the companies conducting the survey of musculoskeletal symptoms did not diagnosed musculoskeletal symptoms based on the survey; 4) Most companies performed the prevention activities for MSDs such as education/training, stretching, etc.; 5) It was revealed that the 11 high-risk tasks were not considered to be properly defined by the people in the industries, which results in some difficulties such as ambiguity in defining the 11 tasks and unit tasks; 6) The period of the examination of risk factors, classification of periodic and occupational examinations and legalization of employers' obligation for preventing MSDs are considered to be acceptable or desirable, while it was pointed out that regulations for the method of the risk assessment and the person who in charge of the examination need to be modified.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.128-136
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• 2007

As the international-level concern has been focused on the environmental sustainability in recent years, many researches emphasized the needs for methods and techniques that would facilitate sustainability assessment at the various project level interfaces. As part of methods and techniques to facilitate sustainability assessment, this paper provides 'Computerized Waste Management Performance Evaluation Tool' for the purpose of assessing the level of management system in dealing with the onsite construction wastes. This tool applies twenty-three waste management performance factors for the purpose of evaluating the level of waste management performance by scoring those factors which were identified in the previous research. These twenty-three factors are classified into four categories: manpower, material, method, and management based on their characteristics. In order to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of waste management performance, the levels of actions executed in a site by each waste management performance factor were identified and their weight were analyzed throughout the expert interview and survey. Furthermore, an excel-based computerized tool was developed in order to facilitate the evaluation process. If this tool can be developed in more detail and be used as the method to control waste management at a project level for the future, it is expected that this tool can play an important role in the body of knowledge of environmental management in construction industry.