• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.227-263
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• 2013

Examining the patterns of evolution of interstate systems in Asia, this article argues that the relationship of state-builders to nomads stood in much of continental Asia stood in sharp contrast to the relationships between rulers and mercantile-financial elites in Europe. Due to the productivity of wet-rice economies, continental Asian rulers were not dependent on merchants and bankers to raise armies to wage war or suppress rebellions unlike their European counterparts. Hence they had no need to grant bankers and merchants concessions, especially monopolies which is how large volumes of capital are accumulated. Geographic conditions however meant that while the lack of internal frontiers meant that large continental-sized states could be created in China, this was not possible in the Indian subcontinent where a more chequered equilibrium where nomads enjoyed a military advantage in arid and semi-arid tracts meant that trans-subcontinental polities enjoyed only a fleeting existence. In mainland southeast Asia, where dense forests and a difficult terrain insulated the region from nomadic conquests, a third variant of interstate relations emerged.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.772-774
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• 2005

Interstate electric power system, as an alternative for energy cooperation under regional economic bloc, has been hotly debated before progressing the restructure in electric power industry and rapidly expanded in many regions after 1990s. Especially, since northeast asia has strong supplementation in resource, load shape, fuel mix etc., electric power system interconnection in this region may bring considerable economic benefits. Moreover, since Korean electric power system has a great difficulty in a geographical condition to interrupt electricity transaction with other countries, it has been expanded as an independent system to supply all demand domestically. As a result, Korean electric power system makes considerable payment for maintaining system security and reliability and expands costly facilities to supply a temporary summer peak demand. Under this inefficiency, if there are electricity transactions with Russia via the North Korea route then economic electric power system operation may be achieved using seasonal and hourly differences in electricity price and/or load pattern among these countries. In this paper, we estimate price cap of transacted electricity via interstate electric power system in northeast asia. For this study, we perform quantitative economic analysis on various system interconnection scenarios.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2006

Interstate electric power system, as an alternative for energy cooperation under regional economic bloc, has been hotly debated before progressing the restructure in electric power industry and rapidly expanded in many regions after 1990s. Especially, since northeast asia has strong supplementation in resource, load shape, fuel mix etc., electric power system interconnection in this region may bring considerable economic benefits. Moreover, since Korean electric power system has a great difficulty in a geographical condition to interrupt electricity transaction with other countries, it has been expanded as an independent system to supply all demand domestically. As a result, Korean electric power system makes considerable payment for maintaining system security and reliability and expands costly facilities to supply a temporary summer peak demand. Under this inefficiency, if there are electricity transactions with Russia via the North Korea route then economic electric power system operation nay be achieved using seasonal and hourly differences in electricity price and/or load pattern among these countries. In this paper, we estimate price cap of transacted electricity via interstate electric power system in northeast asia. For this study, we perform quantitative economic analysis on various system interconnection scenarios.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2437-2445
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• 2013

이 연구는 확률적 모수를 고려한 음이항회귀분석을 이용하여 고속도로에서의 사고와 기하구조와의 관계를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 고속도로에서의 기하구조는 모든 구간에 동일한 설계요소가 적용되기에는 현실적으로 불가능함에도 불구하고, 지금까지의 연구에서는 모형을 통해 도출되는 계수값이 구간에 설치된 기하구조의 특성에 관계없이 항상 고정된 값으로 추정되어왔다. 고정된 값을 이용한 일반적인 음이항모형은 시간적 변화 또는 각 대상구간이 가지고 있는 고유한 특성에 따른 변화를 통합하여 설명하지 못한다는 단점이 있으며, 이로 인해 추정된 계수의 표준오차가 과소추정되어 t-값이 부풀려지게 되며, 그 결과 모형의 설명력이 떨어지게 된다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 워싱턴 주에 위치하고 있는 7개의 고속도로에서 발생한 9년동안의 사고자료 및 기하구조자료를 이용하여 구간별로 상이한 기하구조가 사고에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 총 16개의 기하구조 관련 변수가 모형 도출에 이용되었으며, 기존의 음이항모형과의 비교를 통해 이 연구에서 제시하는 모형이 교통사고와 기하구조와의 관계파악에 더욱 적합함을 보이고자 한다. 그리고, 각 변수의 한계효용 및 탄력성 분석을 통해 이질성을 가지는 기하구조가 사고에 미치는 영향을 제시하고자 한다. 이는 향후 기하구조 관련 정책수립에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.837-839
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• 2005

ORIRES developed by ESI, Russia is a linear programming (LP) model to optimize electric power system operation and planning. Since ORIRES requires data relatively less than other models, it is suitable for northeast asia where imposes restriction against data acquisition. In this paper, we analyze the economic imparts of the environmental regulation on the interstate electric power system in northeast asia. For the rational evaluation of environmental effectiveness, CO2 emission constraints are incorporated into ORIRES.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2013

The endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus was cultured in 2.44-m-diameter outdoor tanks in a 131-day yield trial to assess growth, survival, and percentage of taggable-sized fish (${\geq}35mm$ total length) when stocked at 500/tank (1.07 million/ha), 1,000/tank (2.14 million/ha), and 1,500/tank (3.21 million/ha). At harvest, fish averaged 45.6 mm and 0.94 g in the 500/tank treatment, 42.6 mm and 0.74 g in the 1,000/tank treatment, and 38.4 mm and 0.55 g in the 1,500/tank treatment; the differences were significant (P = 0.05). Survival in the three treatments was 70%, 64%, and 52%, respectively, but the differences were not significant. Percent taggable-sized fish was 86%, 89%, and 65%, respectively, but the differences were not significant. Yield was 672.5 kg/ha, 1,026.6 kg/ha, and 887.8 kg/ha, respectively; yield in the 1,000/tank treatment was significantly greater than that in the 500/tank treatment, but was not significantly greater than that of the 1,500/tank treatment. This facility is a conservation facility and a major goal is to raise fish without formulated feed. Fertilization produced good growth for the first month, but little growth occurred during the second month so supplemental feed had to be used for the final 60 d of the yield trial.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2021

This paper measures the economic impacts of the U.S. port investment strategies coping with the Panama Canal expansion. Using secondary import data, negative and positive estimates of the impacts were presented in this study. Reduced port activities into the West Coast Customs Districts negatively affect transportation and warehousing industries, among other effects. Still, they have simultaneous positive effects in other states from increased imports resulting from modal shifts and changes in the entry port located in the South and East coasts. This study applied the supply-driven National Interstate Economic Model that measures all interstate trade among the U.S. states to divert foreign imports from 15 Pacific Rim countries. For this purpose, the following assumption was adopted: larger ships using the canal will lead to a redirection of seaborne trade among U.S. (and other) ports and result in secondary effects, e.g., using different freight modes and regional growth spillovers. This study also accounted for the entry point change and significant port investments for foreign trade under alternative scenarios. The choice of ports for international trade depends on decisions about how to minimize multimodal delivery costs. The total direct reduction of transportation and warehousing activities associated with foreign imports in the West Coast ports was estimated at $3.3 billion, leading to total negative effects of $5.8 billion. Total positive impacts from the shift of transportation modes with the choice of an entry port and new warehousing activities for foreign imports in the selected 12 states varied. As expected, states that involved an entry port had the most prominent benefits, but Texas, New York, and New Jersey may be benefited through all the port enhancement projects in the U.S. Also, except for Transportation and Postal, and Warehousing industries, Construction is another dominant positive affected industry of the Canal expansion in the U.S.

• 기술사
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2000

Recently we cannot almost pass a day without watching a word internet on TV or in the magazings; but the history of internet is considerably old and it has passed more than 30 years. The internet (internetworking), as we know from the words "international"or "interstate", meant originally to connect computer network, but at the present time generally it means one particular network connecting the world. We are being surrounded by the internet so rapidly that I would like to describe its historical background, present status, further it′s subjects, future prospect of th internet.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1988

20세기에 들어서 포틀랜드 시멘트 콘크리트를 이용한 강성포장은, 콘크리트재료의 구조적인 휨강성과 큰 탄성계수 그리고 내구성을 고려한 경제성 등으로 세계 여러 나라에서 널리 이용되어져 왔다. 그러나, 완벽한 설계 및 시공에도 불구하고, 일부 콘크리트 포장도로에서는(예: 미국 Interstate-10 and 75, 한국의 88고속도로 및 중부 고속도로) 심각한 종적, 횡적 균열 및 침하현상 등으로 보수, 유지의 큰 어려움을 겪고 있는 바, 이러한 문제점을 구조역학적인 입장에서 유한 요소법을 이용한 콘크리트 포장구조의 해석을 통해, 차량 위치 및 온도변화에 따른 최대 파괴응력과 위치, 그리고 최대 처짐등을 고려 하므로써, 콘크리트 포장도로의 구조적인 문제점을 해결하는 데 있다. 본 논문에서는 요즘 미국에서 널리 이용되고 있는 경가가로줄눈(skewed joint)의 효과를 구조역학적으로 해석을 하였다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.584-600
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• 2010

본 연구는 미국 동부 지역의 두 고속도로 회랑지대, I-95와 I-85 일대의 지식 기반 서비스업의 고용변화를 확장된 shift-share 분석을 통해 살펴보고 있다. 지식 기반 서비스업으로 선정된 산업은 금융, 보험, 비즈니스 서비스와 의료 산업이며 1977년부터 1990년, 1990년부터 2005년까지의 기간 동안의 대도시 지역이 연구 대상이다. 1977년부터 1990년 사이에는 생산량과 노동 생산성 측면에서 두 지역 모두 주변 지역 및 국가 전체 평균보다 월등한 성장세를 보였다. 그러나 1990년에서 2005년 사이에는 산업별 차이가 있었지만 평균에 미치지 못하는 성장 속도를 보이는 경우가 많이 나타났다. 또한 지리적으로 인접해 있거나 동일한 회랑지대에 위치한 대도시들도 유사한 고용 변화 패턴을 보이지는 않는다는 것이 밝혀졌다.