• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.497-511
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• 1996

The equivalent static force procedure and the response spectrum analysis method are widely used for seismic analyses of multi-story buildings. The equivalent static force procedure is one of the most simple but less accurate method in predicting possible seismic response of a structure. The response spectrum analysis method provides more accurate results while it takes much longer computational time. In the response spectrum method, dynamic response of a multi-story building is obtained by combining modal responses through a proper procedure such as SRSS or CQC method. Since all of the analysis results are expressed in absolute values, structural engineers have difficulties to combine them with the results obtained from the static analysis. Design automation is interrupted at this stage because of the difficulty in the decision of the most critical design load. Pseudo-dynamic analysis method proposed in this study provides more accurate seismic analysis results than those of the equivalent static force procedure since the dynamic characteristics of a structure is considered. And the proposed method has an advantage in combination of the analysis results due to gravity loads and seismic loads since the direction of the forces can be considered.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2007

Esophageal duplication cyst is very rare mediastinal tumor which is congenital lesion of the esophagus. Esophageal duplication cyst could be excised with video assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) if it is relatively small, cystic lesion and not adhered severely to the surrounding tissues such as lung, trachea, bronchus, esophagus and pleura. We report a case of an esophageal duplication cyst which was located in the right thoracic cavity below carina and could be excised completely and repaired by interrupted suture with 3.0 black silk. The patient was discharged at 10 days after operation with good condition and has been in uneventful condition 2 months after operation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1995

This study was described the movement patterns when rising from supine to erect stance. Two hundred eighty seven subjects, ranging in age from 6 year to 28 were filmed while rising from a supine position. Movement Patterns were classified using categorical descriptions of the action of three body regions-the upper and lower extremity, head-trunk region. This study was designed to determine whether within the rising task the movement patterns of different regions of the body vary with age level and sex. The incidence of each movement pattern was calculated and graphed with respect to age level and sex. The most common form of rising for subject in the 6, 7 year mate group usually involved push and reach pattern with upper extremity, half kneel pattern with lower extremity, partial rotation pattern with head-trunk. In the 6, 7 year female group usually involved symmetrical push pattern with upper extremity, symmetrical squat with balance step pattern with lower extremity, symmetrical interrupted by rotation pattern with head - trunk. In the teenage and twenties both sex group usually involved symmetrical push pattern with upper extremity, symmetrical squat pattern with lower extremity, partial rotation pattern with head-trunk.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

In this paper uses Kaname Akamatsu's 'Flying Geese' model to analyse Japan's role in East Asian integration. Japan made the first attempt to lead Asian countries before the Second World War. At that time, the Japanese Government embarked on a brutally expansionist policy the result of which was creation of the first gaggle of 'flying geese' under the name of the 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.' During the 'flight' Japan was forcefully imposing its own ideals and values on the rest of the 'gaggle.' At the same time, the Japanese Government assumed hostile attitude toward Western countries. Japan's defeat in the Second World War signified the end of flight for the first 'flying geese' gaggle. After the war, Japan made another attempt at regional integration. This time it was done through establishing a production network in East Asia. Thus the second gaggle of 'flying geese' came into existence. During the flight of the 'second gaggle' of geese, Japan was fostering good ties with Western countries as well, especially the United States. However, some leaders of the 'second gaggle's' member-countries emboldened by their countries' economic success proclaimed that future belongs to Asia and put forward the 'Asian values' argument. The Asian economic crisis of 1997 interrupted the flight of the 'second gaggle' and effectively put an end to the 'Asian values' debate. It is interesting to note that some elements of the 'Asian values' argument resembled ultranationalist discourse that had been dominant in Japan before and during the Second World War. This paper compares historical patterns of East Asian regional integration and highlights future challenges for Japan's Asia policy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.111-113
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• 2018

A three-month-old female African buffalo born at Seoul Zoo showed signs of abdominal distension, bulging of the perineal skin, and small stool volume compared to feed intake. Upon physical examination, atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed. This case was subjected to surgery under inhalation anesthesia after injecting a sedative. Surgery was performed in two steps: anal reconstruction and closing the rectovaginal fistula. First, a circular skin incision was made at the end of the rectal pouch to create an anus, and then the skin of the anus and the mucous membrane of the rectum were brought into apposition by simple interrupted sutures. Second, the rectovaginal fistula was ligated on both vulval and anal side. Antibiotics were administered on every alternate day and the sutures were removed at ten days surgery under sedation. The rectovaginal communication was closed and the calf was able to urinate and defecate normally. The animal grew to become a normal adult without any complications. This is the first case report of atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula in an African buffalo, that was successfully treated by surgical intervention.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.39-60
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• 1995

In this paper, an integration of stochastic dynamic programming (SDP), integer goal programming (IGP) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to handle multiobjective-multicriteria sequential decision making problems under uncertainty inherent in R & D investment planning. SDP has its capability to handle problems which are sequential and stochastic. In the SDP model, the probabilities of the funding levels in any time period are generated using a subjective model which employs functional relationships among interrelated parameters, scenarios of future budget availability and subjective inputs elicited from a group of decision makers. The SDP model primarily yields an optimal investment planning policy considering the possibility that actual funding received may be less than anticipated one and thus the projects being selected under the anticipated budget would be interrupted. IGP is used to handle the multiobjective issues such as tradoff between economic benefit and technology accumulation level. Other managerial concerns related to the determination of the optimal project portifolio within each stage of the SDP model. including project selection, project scheduling and annual budget allocation are also determined by the IGP. AHP is proposed for generating scenario-based transformation probabilities under budgetary uncertainty and for quantifying the environmental risk to be considered.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.166-175
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• 1996

In recent years, air-conditioning units designed with higher efficiency and more compactness are required due to emphasis on energy efficiency in home electrical appliances. This trend in the air-conditioning industries has accelerated the development of improved heat exchanger with a better performance in heat transfer aspects. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate the shape and configuration of fins affecting on the performance of the conventional fin-and-tube type heat exchanger equipped in a commercial air conditioners. The geometry similtude method was employed to measure the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. Experimental results show that this method is very useful to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of the fin-and-tube type heat exchanger. It is also found that the slit fin has better performance than the conventional fin type in the air conditioners. The present results indicate that heat transfer from the fin si influenced by the parameters such as the forming area of the slit fin, the type of interrupted surfaces like a louver or slit, slit patterns and slit raised direction, and it also affects the overall heat exchanger performance.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2019

The Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention interpreted that recent outbreaks of scarlet fever in Korea since 2011 was resulted from the expansion of scarlet fever notification criteria. To suggest a relevant hypothesis regarding this emerging outbreak, a time series analysis(TSA) of scarlet fever incidence between 2002 and 2016 was conducted. The raw data was the nationwide insurance claims database administered by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The inclusion criteria were children aged ≤14 years residing in Jeju Province, Korea who received any form of healthcare for scarlet fever from 2002 to 2016. The season was defined as winter (December, January, February; Q1), spring (March, April, May; Q2), summer (June, July, August; Q3), and autumn (September, October, November; Q4). There were seasonal variations with showing peak season on Q1 and Q3. And three phases as 2002 Q2~2005 Q2, 2005 Q2~2009 Q4, and 2010 Q1~2016 Q4 were found between 2002 and 2016. The results from TSA suggested that the recent outbreak of scarlet fever among children in Jeju Province might be a phenomenon from 'unknown birth-related environmental factors' changed after 2010.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2011

This research is intended to find out the causes of the career interruption of highly-educated housewives, their experiences of caring for their children after career interruption, their psychological conflicts and coping strategies, and their attitudes toward reemployment. The participants were university-graduated housewives in their thirties who have pre-school children older than 2 years. The participants in this research consisted of twenty-nine participants. The essence of this study is the belief system that career and maternal roles are not compatible. Specifically, the participants possessed a certain motherhood ideology, so they gave up working in order to care for their children, deferring their careers for a while. The participants had ambivalent feelings about working mothers, and described their children by highlighting their negative aspects. Additionally, the participants experienced persistent conflicts about developing their careers and caring for their children during their period of career interruption. The participants seemed to possess a vague sense of hope about their careers, and their attitudes toward their careers were ambiguous in the past, present, and even in the future.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2013

This paper presents the transient behavior of the switching surge voltages generated by interruption of DC ground fault currents flowing through metal flexible conduits. All fault circuits consist of line parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance and conductance. The use of nonmagnetic metal conduits should be taken into account in order to reduce the inductance of battery charger distribution circuits. The frequency-dependent circuit parameters of metal flexible conduits were measured. The switching surge voltages generated at the ground fault circuit consisted of steel-galvanized alloy and aluminium conduits were investigated. As a result, the impedances of metal flexible conduits are significantly increased over the range of the frequency above 10 kHz and the switching surge voltages generated along aluminium flexible conduit are lower than those along steel-galvanized alloy conduit when DC fault current is interrupted.