• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.43-56
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• 2006

This paper aims to introduce a construction method for the 'Wooden Die for Drinking Game' and to find some geometrical structures and mathematics educational viewpoints. As the results, we get two methods which are eventually same with Figure 5 and Figure 6-3. We proved the ground that classical probability of this Die's each side showing up is one out of fourteen and introduced few other empirical probabilities with Table 1 to Table 3. Also, some Chinese characters were corrected and re-interpreted. In fact, 象人打鼻 changed to 衆人打鼻, and 醜物 is interpreted as 'ugly animal' such as frog, toad, earthworm or pine caterpillar.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.169-175
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• 2000

Since the late 19th Century, modern architecture of definite figure and form shared similar concepts on space and from with the abstract art, pursuing the geometric purity and the abstraction. So the reductive approach had been taken in modern architecture as well as on modern art. The 1960 minimal art had experimented an extreme reduction with the cubic forms and the plane canvases, embodying so called minimal-art content, it was just another version of modernism art interpreted by the extreme reduction. The reduction is a characteristics of modernism adopted in every art field, including architecture. Not from the apparent, but from the essential quality of architectural form, figure and space resulting from the reductive approach, a building in this trend schould be judged and appreciated. In many aspects, Korean traditional architecture has been shown the characteristics of Minimal Architecture. With these points of view, this study analyzes characteristics of Korean traditional architecture with above contents through the form and space.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to identify external form and internal symbolism of oriental dress on the 20th century western fashion. Documentary studies and objective studies were done with descriptive, inductive and content analytic methods. In documentary research, concepts about culture, dress as a cultural sub-system, the from of dress, and the gender symbolism of dress were reviewed. In objective research, oriental fashion photographs in $\ulcorner$Vogue$\lrcorner$ during 1969-1989 were selected and analyzed, for the descriptions of samples, the form of dress, the perception of waist parts, the dressing manner. The synthetic results were as followes; 1. There were the geographical and national terms such as east, Orient, China, India, Japan, and so on in the descriptions of samples; and there were the costume terms such as herem, kimono, pyjama or pajama, sarong, and so on in the descriptions of samples. 2. The from of oriental dress on the 20th century western fashion was identified with draped type. This can be interpreted that in orient, there was no desire to reveal body figure through dress, therefore, for the long time, sustaining draped type of dress has been. 3. The perception of waist part in oriental dress on the 20th century western fashion was not made. So, it can be interpreted that in orient, there was no desire to distinguish both sexes through the emphasis of waist part in dress. 4. The dressing manners of oriental dress on the 20th century western fashion were wearing of trouser and layering mainly, symbolizing the confusion of gender distinction through dress.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.211-239
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to explore a common characteristic of the diverse oriental images mainly from the figurative point of view, and apply it to the contemporary expressions and methods of painting. To do that, I separated the concept of figure into two factors - form and image - and then approached and solved the problems of figure by explaining the two factors respectively. Separating form from image is neither to set two factors against each other nor to isolate any of those values. It is worth dividing the form and the image not only because the image of the oriental painting has a figurative value constituted from an external frame of the form, but also because it has a close connection with the meaning that the form holds inside. These are the reasons why I conceptualize the individual language of form and image. Furthermore, I attempted to investigate how those two factors and mutual relations between them make real figurative images under the principle of harmony and coexistence. The theme of this thesis - the figurative aesthetics and its contemporaneity in the oriental paintings is analyzed based on the understanding of 'figure' within the framework of oriental paintings. A research of image from the figurative point of view is valuable in that it criticizes the past method of thinking, and proposes an alternative formula for new way of thinking. In this regard, I indicated the limit of the theory of form-and-spirit that has been one of the most important conceptual theories . Instead, I' accessed to various aesthetic concepts - that are created in the course of image formulation - from the actual figurative point of view, and then even interpreted it as a figurative value of the oriental paintings and it's application within the specific and practical scope. During the course of research, I explored the conceptual elements of the tradition and the principle of figuration. I expect this study to make a footstone for bringing traditional aesthetics to the contemporary context of oriental painting.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.855-862
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• 1992

Thermoelectric power, electrical conductivity and Hall effect were measured, as functions of temperature in the range of 100 to 600 K, on polycrystalline Bi4/3Sb2/3Te3 which had been prepared via uniaxial hot-pressing at different temperatures in the range of 373 K to 773 K, aiming at searching a profitable processing route to a polycrystalline thermoelectric material, a promising, viable alternative to a single crystalline one. It was found that, with increasing temperature of pressing under a fixed pressure, the material, normally a p-type prior to being hot-pressed, underwent a transition to n-type. This transition was confirmed to be due to plastic deformation during hot-pressing and interpreted as being attributed to the change of the major ionic defect BiTe' into TeBi˙at temperature high enough for structure elements mobility. Thermoelectric figure-of-merit of the hot-pressed material was discussed in connection with the p-n transition in addition to microstructure.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2003

When analyzing forms in the human body and clothes, we conceptualize each part into a cone, sphere, and cylinder, and the esthetic characteristics of our fashion culture and esthetic fashion characteristics of Koreans are composed by expressing with universal images such as circle, square, and triangle when forms are expressed in a plane. To determine how the structural principle of shapes that are the shapes of all things and basic to geometry, i.e., circle, square, and triangle, applies to clothes that cloth our body called the small cosmos, we discussed the symbolic meaning hidden inside the structure of Korean clothes based on the basic pattern drafting method of Korean men’s traditional trousers. We drew the conclusion that Korean men's trousers composed of circles, triangles, and squares express the five elements diagram through their plane structure, are designed in circles with cones and pyramids, and are made to well express the principle of the small cosmos of our body. Moreover, when the basic pattern of Korean men’s trousers explained with the antipathy diagram is viewed to create all things while maintaining opposite and complementary relationship with Sangsang (mutually benefitting factor), it would be correct to say that the principle of the top verse the bottom is viewed as conflicting. From the structural point of view, since the philosophy of the Samsu principle (the principle of 1, 2 and 3 in which 1 represents the heaven, 2 represents the earth, and 3 represents the people) is hidden in Korean men's trousers in which Hurimalgi (the part of trousers corresponding to the waist band of Western pants) is the circle representing the heaven, Marupok is the square representing the earth, and Sapok is the triangle representing the people, we could look at deep meaning of our ancestors expressed in our clothes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.3588-3592
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• 2010

Second-order rate constants ($k_N$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2-pyridyl X-substituted benzoates 8a-e with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in $H_2O$ at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The $k_N$ values for the reactions of 8a-e are slightly smaller than the corresponding reactions of 4-nitrophenyl X-substituted benzoates 1a-e (e.g., $kN^{1a-e}/k_N^{8a-e}$ = 1.1 ~ 3.1), although 2-pyridinolate in 8a-e is ca. 4.5 $pK_a$ units more basic than 4-nitrophenolate in 1a-e. The Br$\o$nsted-type plot for the aminolysis of 8c (X = H) is linear with $\beta_{nuc}$ = 0.77 and $R^2$ = 0.991 (Figure 1), which is typical for reactions reported previously to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with breakdown of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate $T^{\pm}$ being the rate-determining step (RDS), e.g., aminolysis of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate 1c. The Hammett plot for the reactions of 8a-e with piperidine consists of two intersecting straight lines (Figure 2), i.e., $\rho$ = 1.71 for substrates possessing an electron-donating group (EDG) while $\rho$ = 0.86 for those bearing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG). Traditionally, such a nonlinear Hammett plot has been interpreted as a change in RDS upon changing substituent X in the benzoyl moiety. However, it has been proposed that the nonlinear Hammett is not due to a change in RDS since the corresponding Yukawa-Tsuno plot exhibits excellent linear correlation with $\rho$ = 0.85 and r = 0.62 ($R^2$ = 0.995, Figure 3). Stabilization of substrates 8a-e in the ground state has been concluded to be responsible for the nonlinear Hammett plot.

• MALSORI
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• no.40
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

This paper investigated how $/\int/$ in English and German is perceived and interpreted in the loanwords in Korean. $/\int/$ in these languages does not show one-to-one correspondence in Korean: $/\int/$ in the coda position in English and German is perceived as [swi] in Korean while $/\int/$ in the onset position is perceived as [syu]. This paper examined phonetic characteristics of $/\int/$ in English and German through its acoustic analysis and attempted to figure out which factor could explain this surface distribution of [swi] and [syu]; phonological (onset vs. coda) or phonetic (coarticulation) factor. Two acoustic features of $/\int/$ in English and German were examined: duration and energy Peak frequency of the frication noise. German $/\int/$ Perceived as [swi] in Korean showed higher energy Peak frequency and longer duration than that perceived as [syu] in Korean. English iii perceived as [swi] also showed longer duration than that Perceived as [syu] in Korean but energy Peak frequency showed different behavior. English $/\int/$ showed coarticulation with the preceding vowel rather than being affected by its position in the syllable in English. This paper concludes that 1)Phonetic characteristics used are duration and energy Peak frequency of its frication noise when $/\int/$ in English and German are adopted in Korean, 2)duration is used prior to energy peak frequency, which can be used as an enhancing feature.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

In order to ensure a certain level of the quality of design, standardized evaluation indicators are being used as an objective criterion. Even though the evaluation indicators are quantifiable, limitations such as inefficiency and inconsistency caused by manual task in the evaluation process still have been found. BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology that is commonly adopted in architectural design process provides an environment which enables us to figure out a building model to be interpreted quantitatively with the basis of the building information model. It supports quantitative, consistent, accurate and quick evaluations so as to improve quality of design even in the initial design phase. This paper aims to establish BIM-enabled quantitative indicators and an evaluation framework to analyze building circulation even in early phase of design. The indicators are composed of 4 types (relative distance, accessibility, simplicity, pedestrian friendliness) and 7 sub-types. The evaluation framework is the process to derive Parameterized Path Value (PPV) as weighting on each indicator. For demonstrating the scalability of the suggested evaluation indicators and the framework, the authors implemented an evaluation tool and a case study has been carried out by using an actual building remodel project.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 2010

Mechanical characteristics and chemical resistance have been investigated for PC/PBT blends. The changes in mechanical performance of PC/PBT blends was monitored during the treatment with both the PC thinner and general-purpose thinner to figure out the chemical resistance. The PC thinner greatly affected the mechanical properties of PC/PBT blends compared with general-purpose thinner. In the case of PC thinner treatment, the mechanical performance was improved with increased PC content at lower PC content ranges, say below 50%. However the mechanical performance was dropped rapidly at higher PC content ranges due to poor chemical resistance of PC. Transparent pure PC specimen became opaque after chemical treatment with PC thinner, and this can be interpreted by solvent-induced crystallization.