• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.574-579
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• 1995

To investigate the effect of the midsummer drainage method on growth and lodging characters, Dongjinbyeo was direct seeded on dry paddy field under 4cm of soil depth at May 1 by seeding machine. Three kind of drainage methods were treated such as, once in 20day, towice in 20, 30 days and 3 times 20, 30, 40 days after flooding. As increase the drainage times, the culm and internode length were shorter, culm wall of 4th internode was thicker, breaking weight was heavier, height of center weight was lower, lodging index was reduced, and dry weight of root was increased. Field lodging occured seriously at none drainage but didn't, with two or three times of drainage. Grain yield was not shown significantly different compared with constant flooding irrespective of midsummer drainage times. Therefore two or three times of midsummer drainage could be recommended as the effective water management for the reduction of lodging occurance in direct seeding culture on dry paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.573-579
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate growth and flowering characteristics of Celosia argentea native to Korea treated by pinching and growth retardants, diniconazole, hexaconazole and daminozide. The more increased from one to three times of pinching, the more decreased in plant height and internode length but increased number of spadix and lateral branch. Spray application of diniconazole $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and daminozide $6,800mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ decreased plant height, internode length and leaflength, but increased number of spadix, number of leaves and number of lateral branch.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.46-52
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• 2000

Performance of direct seeded upland field Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet in Southern areas of Korea was evaluated at different seeding methods (drilling and broadcasting) and seeding rates (1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.5$\ell$/10a). There were no differences in the yield components such as length of stem and ear diameter of stem number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem between the seeding methods with drilling and broadcasting, but yield components such as length of stem and ear, diameter of stem, number of brench, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem increased with seeding rates of from 2.5$\ell$/10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a. Therefore optimum rates and methods of sowing were from 2.5$\ell$/10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a with seeding at the drilling and broadcasting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2010

This study was conducted to analyze the relationships between resistance of brown planthopper and traits related to the lodging in rice. For the linkage analysis of traits tested in this study, a genetic linkage map was created with 162 DNA markers spanning 12 rice chromosomes based on 120 doubled haploid (DH) lines, which were derived from a cross between Samgang', a Tongil type cultivar with BPH resistance, and ‘Nagdong’, a japonica cultivar. QTLs were identified to analyze the agronomic traits including lodging by composite interval mapping. Thirteen QTLs were detected for five traits comprised of plant length (PL), 3rd internode length (3rdIL), moments (Mo), lodging index (LI), and breaking weight (BW). The relationships between the BPH resistance and agronomic traits including lodging revealed that two QTLs (qBPR7, qBPR8) were linked to traits related to lodging. Two QTLs, qBPR7 and qBPR8 on chromosome 7 (RM531-7042) and 8 (RM1148- RM544) showed associations with moments and 3rd internode length, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1997

Effects of DIF on stem elongation in plug seedlings of mini tomato ‘Mini Carol’ and on the growth and flowering after transplanting were investigated. Stem elongation of seedlings was mainly influenced by day temperature rather than night temperature. When the effect of ＋DIF was compared to that of -DIF under the same average daily temperature(ADT), day temperature had greater impact on internode elongation than night temperature. On the other hand, leaf unfolding rate increased and compactness decreased as ADT in creased. Differences in internode length affected by DIF during seedlings stage DIF progressively diminished during growth period after transplanting. Node position at which first flower was initiated was lowered as ADT decreased. It was concluded that DIF treatment was an applicable tool for control of stem elongation, particularly to reduce stem length without a noticeably adverse effect on the growth and development of plant after transplanting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the lodging patterns and the direct and indirect effects of several agronomic characters upon lodging of soybean plants. Most of the lodged plants had bent main stem above first stem node at higher plant density. Lodging was significantly correlated with plant height, internode length and shoot fresh weight in two soybean cultivars, Paldalkong and Jangyeobkong. Root fresh weight was also significantly correlated with lodging in Paldalkong, Jangyeobkong and Kwangkyo. Length of internode showed the greatest direct effect on lodging in Paldalkong and Jangyeobkong.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.277-277
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• 2022

Lignin modification has been a breeding target for the improvements of forage digestibility and fermentation in whole crop silage(WCS) rice. In rice, gold hull and internode 2 (gh2) was identified as a lignin-deficient mutant. gh2 exhibits a reddish-brown pigmentation in the hull and the internode is located on the short arm of chromosome 2 and codes for cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). To develop WCS rice variety improved digestibility and fermentation, we measured acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and total digestible nutrient (TDN) calculated from ADF (TDN=88.9-(0.79% × ADF) and performed marker-assisted selection using CAD(Os2g0187800) gene first intron region specific marker with 55 Jungmo1038/J.collection lines. Those lines had lignin content range from 0.82 to 6.61%, ADF from 15.8 to 45.8%, TDN from 52.7 to 78.8 compared to 'Jungmo1038'(1.53,20.7,72.6), 'J.collection'(0.98,12.8,78.8%) and gh2 were introgressed into 44 lines. Considering on these genotype and low-lignin phenotype, we finally selected 2 elite lines(Suweon668, Suweon669). Suweon668 and Suweon669 line are high biomass-low lignin lines that the ADF content is relatively low, even though the dry matter weight is high. Also they have lodging and shattering resistance and glabrous leaf and hull important to improve cattle palatability. Our results will provide that rice can be improved for forage digestibility and fermentation with low lignin concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.6-14
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• 1980

One of the physiological disease, sudden wiliting of Yushin variety suggested that low sunlight, excessive nitrogen application, and highly reduced soil condions either singly or combined, might be possible causes of the disorder. Some visual symptom of sudden wilting are discoloration of leaves, development of nodal roots above the soil surface, total root rot, and lodging. Those observations led to the hypothesis that suffocation of root tissues was a direct cause of the wilting. The oxygen transport characteristics of Yushin, IR262 and Tongil were examined by two methods. First, Soil-cultured plants of the three varieties were subjected to paraffin treatment to decrease the oxygen supply from the air to root tissues through the soil-water system, liquid paraffin was applied to the water surface in the pots at panicle formation stage. In this experiment, sudden wilting was observed of Yushin and IR262 at about a week after the treatment, but Tongil remained green and healthy. Wilting-resistant variety Tongil had higher oxygen release, whereas the susceptible Yushin and IR262 had lower oxygen release. Second, the number and size of the air spaces in each internode were investigated in the 5th internode from the top, all three varieties have a similar number of air spaces, although the air spaces of Thongil were larger. In the 4th internode, Tongil had plenty air spaces, Yushin and one of the Yushin's parents IR262 had scanty or none. The observations indicated that the ability of Yushin and IR262 for oxygen transport is very limited compared with that of Tongil. The limited oxygen supply due to poor development of air space in internode of rice plants may cause suffocation of root tissues, weaken metabolic activity of the tissues, and induce root rot, subsequently inducing sudden wilting and lodging under unfavorable weather, soil and cultural conditions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 1985

The four rice varieties, Kwanak, Nongbaek, Pungsan and Nampung-byo were cultivated to examine the growth conditions and grain yield in a Gyuam SiL paddy field irrigated with cold water around $17^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures for various distances from the inlet were measured. The results were summerized as follows. 1. Culm length, panicle exertion, diameter of the 3rd internode stem, heading date, fertilization rate, ripeness rate, no. of grains per panicle and grain yield were sensitive to water temperature. Panicle length, flag-leaf length, diameter of spike-neck and no. of panicles, however, were negligibly sensitive and there were no differences among varieties. 2. Elongations of the 2nd and 3rd internode steam were unsensitive to water temperature. 1st internode elongation and 4th internode development, however, were sensitive which was major factor in the culm length. 3. Ratios of partial dry weight to total dry weight were closely correlated with water temperature, Therefore, dry weight of grain was increased with water temperature while that of plant and root decreased. 4. Chlorophyll contents were decreased with the increment of water temperature and the highest at $20^{\circ}C$. 5. There was no grain yield at $17^{\circ}C$, Increases of grain yield to water temperature per unit were order at Pungsan > Kwanak > Nongbaek > Nampung. 6. The critical temperature in grain yield was $21^{\circ}C$. Optimum temperatures of Japonica ${\times}$ Indica types were higher than those of Japonica types.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1962

Total area of bamboo groves in Korea which is limited to $37^{\circ}$ north latitude, i.e., to southern part of Chungchung-nam-do Province and Kangwon-do Province, is 3,235ha., but this country must import about 3,000 metric ton's bamboo culms from Japan every year. It may be true that the country is not so fit for economical cultivation of bamboo groves from the view point of climatic condition, but the author believes that self-sufficiency in bamboo is not impossible if some scientific method for improving bamboo groves is introduced to our primitive groves. Keeping this point in his mind the auther tried to study on the bamboo groves in the country, and as the first step set about to investigate the actual state of twenty good bamboo groves located in Cholla-nam-do Province from March, 1961 to January, 1962. This is a report on some characters of bamboo culms and growing stock with samples collected in the present investigation. 1) Numbers of bamboo culm per 0.1ha. are 1,183 in average, 1,840 in maximum and 87.5 in minimum before harvesting. 2) According to owners' saying, 1960 was such an off-year that they could hardly see any yearling bamboos in groves, but in 1961 very many new bamboos are produced as follows: the proportion of the number of yearling bamboos produced this year to that of mature bamboos (over 2 years old) is 58.7% in average; the highest 110.5% and the lowest 16.8%. 3) the average diameter of culms at eye height is 6.5cm, but the biggest diameter comes to 11.2 cm, and the average diameters of yearling and mature bamboos are 6.5cm and 6.6cm respectively. 4) Internode length records 29.4 cm in average, the shortest 21.3 cm and the longest 38.4 cm. Average internode lengths of new culms and mature culms are 27.6 cm and 29.4 cm respectively. This shows that the internode length of new culms is in the decrease to that of maturer's. 5) Through this investigation, it was found that internode length is in the influence of the exposure and density of bamboo groves, i. e., the more the dencity of bamboo groves is and the more the exposure nears the north-east, the longer the internode length becomes (see Table 7 and 8). 6) In the growing stock of bamboo groves, bundles per 0.1ha. amount to 271 sok (unit of bundle) in total average, 445 sok in maximum and 126 sok in minimum. 7) Among twenty typical bamboo groves, chosen in each County in Cholla-nam-do Province, only one passes perfectly by Veda's standard rule* prescribing the good bamboo grove, but the eight groves shown in Table 9 could be recommended as good ones in Cholla-nam-do Province, because the auther believes that those groves may be improved better, if we pay more attention to the management of them. 8) Considering that they have managed their groves carelessly and primitively, and that unfortunately their groves must have faced almost on clear felling over the entire area at the time of the Korean War, we can surely expect much more increments in bamboo groves, if we introduce some scientific methods in managing their groves.