• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the fators affecting Internet addiction among adolescents in an area. Methods: By using cluster sampling, 2,479 participants representing 22 elementary school, 11 middle school, 7 high school students in a county of the Chungcheongnam-do. Data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0. using t-test, F-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Internet addiction positively correlated with high school students(dummy variable), Internet-connected computers in PC Game Room(dummy variable), Internet using time(weekday) and Internet using time(weekend). Internet addiction negatively correlated with Internet-connected computers in school(dummy variable), Internet-connected computers in friend's house(dummy variable). For the male students, Significant factors affecting Internet addiction were eating habits, Internet-connected computers in friend's house, Internet using time(weekend). For the female students, Internet using time(weekday) and Internet using time(weekend) were significant. For the elementary school students, Significant factors affecting Internet addiction were Internet using tine(weekday) and Internet using time(weekend). In the case of the middle school students, Internet using tine(weekday), Internet using time(weekend) and eating habits were significant. but, the high school students, Internet using time(weekend) was significant. Conclusions: Students who spend more time in the internet have higher tendency to become addicted to the internet. Therefore, it would be necessary to develop program to prevent internet addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study compared covert narcissistic propensity in adolescents with internet addiction tendency to normal adolescents. Further, we investigated the correlation between such propensities and anonymity in cyberspace, presence feeling and interactivity in internet gaming, and achievement motivation in adolescents with internet addiction tendencies. Methods : Male middle school students with internet addiction tendencies (Addiction Tendency Group, N=27) and normal students (Control Group, N=29) were recruited. The scale of internet use, Covert Narcissism Scale, scale of achievement motivation, scale of anonymity in cyberspace, scale of presence feeling in internet games, and the scale of interactivity in internet games were administered. A comparison of the average scores and correlation analyses were performed. Results : 1) Compared with Control Group, the Addiction Tendency Group showed significantly higher scores on all subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale, and both the scale of presence feeling and that of interactivity in internet games. Further, the score on the scale of achievement motivation for the Addiction Tendency Group was significantly lower than that of the Control Group. 2) In the Addiction Tendency Group, the scores on several subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale were significantly positively correlated with the scores on the scale of presence feeling in internet games, anonymity in cyberspace, and interactivity in internet games. However, in the Control Group, the scores of several subscales on the Covert Narcissism Scale were significantly negatively correlated with the score on the scale of achievement motivation, and was significantly positively correlated with the score on the scale of interactivity in internet games. There were no other significant correlations between the scores on the subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale and the scores of either presence feeling in internet games or anonymity in cyberspace. Conclusion : These results suggested that adolescents with a tendency to be addicted to the internet exhibited higher covert narcissistic propensities than normal adolescents and that the covert narcissistic tendencies were related with presence feeling in cyber games as well as with anonymity in cyberspace.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between internet game addiction and psychiatric symptoms. Methods : A total of 447 adolescents who were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of university hospital completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of Korean Internet Addiction Self-scale (K-scale), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Korean-Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (K-ARS), and Adolescent Happiness Index (AHI). They were classified into three internet user groups, non-addicted group (below or equal to 94), potential risk group (95 to 107) and high risk group (above or equal to 108) according to K-scale total score. Results : Significant mean differences in BDI, BAI, K-ARS, and AHI scores were observed among the three groups. The BDI, BAI and K-ARS scores showed positive correlation with K-score. The AHI score showed negative correlation with K-score. Conclusion : Findings of this study suggest that depression, anxiety, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and happiness are associated with internet game addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2011

Korean adults' internet addiction diagnosis measure, K-scale developed by Korea National Information Society Agency (NIA), has composed of 4 categories including 20 items. This scale can diagnose user's internet addiction with individual's questionnaire items. Most of previous research works were tried to know reasons of internet addiction and to judge whether adolescents are addicted or not with their samples. In this research, it is the goal to find the key component to judge individual's internet addiction by using a decision tree in the data mining field and a principal component analysis in statistics. From the experimental results, we would discover that tolerance and preoccupation factor is the most important one to affect adult's internet addiction.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 2008

While internet and cellular phones are very attractive to adolescents, they cause a lot of problems because of adolescent's addiction to internet and cellular phones. The purpose of this study is to investigate relations among overuse of internet and cellular phone and academic achievement with middle school students according to their sex and grade. For this purpose, the survey consist of 44-item, self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire from 444 two middle schools students located in Busan. Also, their academic achievements were used for statistical data processing. As a result, firstly, middle school students did not tend to be so seriously addicted to the internet and cellular phones. The internet was used more by male students and cellular phones by female students, and the more male and female students used the internet, the higher they tended to use the cellular phones. There was a negative correlation between the tendency of internet use and academic achievement, but there were no significant differences between genders. In terms of the tendency of using cellular phones and academic achievement, there were no correlations among male students, but there was a negative correlation in female counterparts. Secondly, in terms of grade, the 2nd-grade students had a higher tendency to use both of them than the 1st- and 3rd-grade counterparts. The tendency of using the internet and cellular phones, in each grade had significantly static correlation and the higher they tended to use the internet, the lower they had academic achievement the 3rd-grade. On the other hand, the tendency of using cellular phones, only 2nd-grade students had low academic achievement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.489-499
• /
• 2016

This study examined the effects of a forest environment on internet addition and the self-esteem of internet-addicted adolescents. For comparison, the same group counseling programs were conducted in a classroom not in the forest. Twenty-four second grade students from a Middle School in S-city were grouped with 8 members in each group. Each group joined this program 6 times. The group results were then compared over a follow-up period. The dependent variables were the internet addiction scores and self-esteem scores. In the research results, the experimental group that undertook this program in the forest environment showed significantly different internet addiction scores compared to the control group immediately after the program and during the follow-up period. According to the period, the experimental group showed a significant difference in the internet addiction scores compared to the previous scores, immediately after the program and during the follow-up period. The comparison group showed no significant difference compared to the control group immediately after the program and during the follow-up period. The program in the forest environment showed a significant difference in the self-esteem scores compared to the comparison group and the control group immediately after the program and during the follow-up period. The self-esteem scores of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the comparison group and control group. In addition, the self-esteem scores of the comparison group also increased significantly, compared to the control group. The self-esteem scores of the experimental group also increased significantly, compared to the previous scores, immediately after the program and during the follow-up period. These results suggest that a natural environment, such as a forest, has therapeutic effects on decreasing the addiction symptoms' of internet addiction adolescents and also helps raise their self-esteem. Nevertheless, more study will be needed to verify what effects the forest environment have on the therapeutic mechanism on various addicts. Lastly, the constraints and implications of this research are described.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 2010

Objectives: "Internet-addiction" came into common use not only in clinical setting but also in everyday life. But, pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria of the internet addiction remain unknown. Because adolescents are in developing period, they might be vulnerable to the internet addiction, depression and sleep-related problem. The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of internet addiction and its association with sleep pattern and depression in Korean adolescence. Methods: Subjects were 799 middle and high school students in Seoul, Korea. We administered a self-reported questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Korean versions of Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PS-QI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression Scale (CES-D) and questions about internet using patterns. Data of 696 subjects were included in analysis. Chi-square tests were used to analyze proportional differences, and ANOVA with post-hoc tests were used to analyze differences among groups. Partial correlation analyses were performed to analyze the correlation of internet addiction with other variables (two-tailed, p<0.05). Results: Of the 696 participants (grade 2 of middle school; M2 135 vs. grade 1 of high school; H1 238 vs. grade 2 of high school; H2 323), 2.0% (n=14) were internet-addicted (IA), 27.7% (n=193) were over-using (OU) and 70.3% (n=489) were not-addicted (NA). The mean scores of YIAS, PSQI and CES-D scores were 35.24${\pm}$12.78, 5.53${\pm}$3.04 and 16.72${\pm}$8.69, respectively. In higher grade students, average total sleep time was shorter (M2 426.20${\pm}$67.68 min. vs. H1 380.47${\pm}$62.57 min. vs. H2 354.67${\pm}$73.37 min., F=51.909, p<0.001), and PSQI (4.69${\pm}$3.14 vs. 5.42${\pm}$3.15 vs. 5.97${\pm}$2.83, F=8.871, p<0.001) CES-D (13.53${\pm}$8.37 vs. 16.96${\pm}$8.24 vs. 17.87${\pm}$8.84, F=12.373, p<0.001) scores were higher than those of lower grade students. Comparing variables among IA, OU and NA groups, computer using time not for study (96.36${\pm}$63.31 min. vs. 134.92${\pm}$86.79 min. vs. 213.57${\pm}$136.87 min., F=34.287, p<0.001) and portable device using time not for study (84.22${\pm}$79.11 min. vs. 96.97${\pm}$91.89 min. vs. 152.31${\pm}$93.64 min., F= 5.400, p=0.005) were different among groups. PSQI (5.26${\pm}$2.97 vs. 6.08${\pm}$2.97 vs. 7.50${\pm}$4.41, F=8.218, p<0.001) and CES-D scores (15.40${\pm}$8.08 vs. 19.05${\pm}$8.42 vs. 30.43${\pm}$13.69, F=32.692, p<0.001) were also different among groups. YIAS score were correlated with computer using time not for study (r=0.356, p<0.001) and portable device using time not for study (r= 0.136, p<0.001). PSQI score (r=0.237, p<0.001) and CES-D score (r=0.332, p<0.001). YIAS score and PSQI score (r=0.131, p= 0.001), YIAS and CES-D score (r=0.265, p<0.001), PSQI score and CES-D score (r=0.357, p<0.001) were correlated each other. Conclusion: These results suggested that adolescents' internet-addiction was correlated with not only computer and portable device using time not for study but also depression and sleep-related problems. We should pay attention to depression and sleep-related problems, when evaluating internet-addiction in adolescents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.287-296
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to deeply understand the causes of addiction of the addicted adolescents of smartphone. Colaizzi's phenomenological study method was applied to analyze the causes of the addiction caused by the addicts'. The results of the study were confirmed 63 constructive meanings in the meaningful data expressed in the participants' experiences, Based on them, they were derived as 26 subjects, 8 subject groups and 2 categories. The causes of addiction were 'Personal psychological factor', 'Behavior habit factor', 'Social relation factor' and 'Internet smart phone factor'. Psychological, physical, interpersonal and everyday life changes were the results accompanied by causes of addiction. Through this study, the causes of addiction revealed in the participants' experiences are expected to be applied to the client-centered therapy of the smartphone addiction counseling process.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.295-306
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Koreans' internet and smartphone usage hours are steadily increasing and the dependence of young people on smartphones is causing social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine health and dietary habits, as well as hair mineral contents according to the level of dependence of smartphone use among adolescents to clarify the interrelation of smartphone dependence, lifestyle, dietary behavior, and mineral nutrition status. Methods: A total of 80 smartphone-addicted adolescents participated in this study and were divided into three groups (general, potential and danger group) according to smartphone dependence. The subjects' lifestyles and dietary behaviors were then surveyed, and hair mineral contents were analyzed. Results: Higher smartphone dependence was associated with lower average weekly sleeping time and later first smoking age. In the danger group, the rate of eating fast and the rate of snacking twice a day was also relatively high. Parents (45.0%) and mobile (30.0%) were the factors having the greatest influence on an individual's dietary behavior. In the hair mineral analysis, all subjects had lower selenium concentrations and higher lead concentrations than normal. In addition, the levels of aluminum in the danger group were higher than in the normal range and the highest among the three groups. Conclusions: It is necessary to guide adolescents to use smartphones correctly and manage dietary habits. In addition, careful attention is needed the mineral nutritional status of smartphone-addicted adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.55
• /
• pp.341-364
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolesccents' cybersexual addiction and psychosocial traits. In addition, the relationship between cybersexual addiction and mental health were examined. For the study, 1,742 students attending middle schools and high schools were surveyed. According to the results of study, first, 1.3% of the adolescents reported the severe degree of cybersexual addiction, 2.3% of them had the moderate degree of addiction, 4.2% of them showed the minor degree. The result indicated that 7.8% of entire adolescents had cybersexual addiction. Second, middle school students showed the highest rate of cybersexual addiction and the students attending general high schools reported the lowest rate. Third, the following groups were likely to have the higher levels of cybersexual addiction; students who were males, had low self-control and less emotional support from the family and friends, and whose parents had marital problems. Fourth, the cybersexually addicted adolescents had experienced more psychological symptoms than general internet users had. Fifth, there was the positive relationship between cybersexual addition and psychological symptoms among adolescents. In particular, cybersexual addiction had the most serious effect on phobic anxiety. Finally, T-score measuring the degree of psychopathological symptoms had the positive relationship with the level of cybersexual addiction among adolescents. Moreover, adolescents who had clinical psychopathology and T-score over 70 showed the various rates from 10.9% to 45.2% in the 9 domains of symptoms.