• 중국학논총
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• 제61호
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• pp.203-222
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• 2019

中国对外援助的历史可以追溯到中华人民共和国成立初期. 从50年代初對越南的援助开始, 其范围逐渐扩散到了整个第三世界. 它规模也一直呈增加趋势, 直到70年代初已超越了世界最富有国家对外援助的规模. 对此, 相关研究通过"国家利益"的分析框架去硏究中国对外援助的动机及背景, 即, 建國初期的中國之所以积极推动对外援助, 是因为要争取安保及外交利益的. 笔者怀疑通过"国家利益"的角度理解及評價中国之对外援助是否妥当, 于是考察了中国的对外援助与国家利益之间的相关关系. 结果, "改革开放"前的中国之对外援助與其說是为"国家利益"而提供的, 還不如說是基于"无产阶级国际主义"的盲目实践, 同是为确立毛泽东绝对权威而采用的极端手段.

• 지역연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.5-19
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• 1999

This paper identifies five factors that limited urban network formation in Northeast Asia over the past half millennium, questions the extent to which they are being overcome in the 1990s, and sketches a network of cities that could boost regionalism. It briefly traces the historical evolution of these factors, including comparisons with European integration, while focusing primarily on the policies of the 1990s that have affected their continuing role. First is the factor of closed national markets with weak regional integration. Second is the preeminence of administrative means of integration over commercial ones. Third is the character of localism, shackled by overcentralization and weak cross-border linkages. Fourth is the limited nature of internationalism, dominated by state catch-up policies with one-sided global involvement. Fifth is a lack of regional consciousness. Just as national urban integration was essential for regional networks to form, without regional integration it is difficult to contemplate Northeast Asian cities taking their rightful place in a global urban network. After noting the failures of the 1990s, the paper points to the potential role as dragon's heads for sub-regional urban networks of potential front-line cities: Tumen, Sapporo, Irkutsk, and what I call the Amur triangle. Also of interest are how the capitals of Beijing, Moscow, Seoul, and Tokyo will adjust to a transformed urban network. After all, their current skepticism must be overcome with a program that links the benefits on all sides in order to build trust in regionalism. This requires internationalism and symbols of a balanced approach to each country's needs.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.295-315
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• 2013

이 연구는 유력한 지구시민권구상인 Rawls의 자유주의적 접근과 코즈모폴리턴 공화주의구상에 대해 지구적 정의론으로서의 윤리학적 기초를 연구하는 것이 목적이다. 의무론측면에서 자유주의적 국제주의에 경도된 Rawls의 견해는 국제관계의 불평등이 구조화된 경제의 세계화시대의 호혜성의 의무와 시민적 권리에 관한 의무를 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있지만, 코즈모폴리턴 공화주의는 지구적 차원의 반지배원칙의 구현을 주창해 의무론적 정당화의 기반을 갖추고 있다. 공리주의 면에서 Rawls는 자유주의적 국제주의에 입각해 개별국가들 간의 재분배를 거부하는 논리에 대해 정당화를 시도하고 있지만, 코즈모폴리턴 공화주의는 개도국시민들의 구조적 희생을 극복해 지구적 차원의 해악을 줄이고 효용수준을 획기적으로 개선할 가능성이 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제40호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2003

The placeness has been lost in space design since Modernism, especially Internationalism. Digital space design of today is one of the means to complement that. The purpose of this study is to grasp a trend in the expression of placeness, being appeared in digital space design process through case analysis. As the result of this study, the placeness in digital design process expressed by parametric elements had each effective internal algorithms. Especially, space design using digital process were expressed placeness by physical context such as topography, conditions of location, landscape, axis of road, traffic elements and climate. And social context were expressed by user experience through his cognition.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.458-461
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• 2002

The consumer in the 21$\^$st/ century e-business era is developing a taste fur greater professionalism diversity, internationalism and large-scale integration of his or her demands. With these changes in the consumers preferences in mind, e-businesses need to develop a real time track and trace system to accommodate their logistical and consumer service operations. This research paper discusses the development of a object-oriented logistics tracking database system and a web service tracking component necessary to efficiently store and manage the movements of postal goods and provide real time information on logistics trading.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2000

This study basically is an attempt to categorize green architecture as the notion of occurrence and formation. In doing so would enable to seek for an insight of methodological matrix in green architecture. Which methodology should be arrived at to suit to which typology of green architecture. Moreover, the notion of occurrence is a fundamental principle to bring socialism into architecture. Therefore, it implies selecting which methodology to make green architecture can be associated with its communal sense and its appropriation is usually determine in a specific typology such as social program, community enlightenment and so on. At the same time, whether the notion of formation or occurrence, it is important to make clear insight the appropriation and alternation of technology while attempted to make green architecture. In a practical sense, this study ultimately proposes a critical aspect internationalism in the category of green architecture and speculates appropriate green architecture in substantial way.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1998

This study aimed to identify characteristics of design and decoration of Danish peasant furniture especially painted storage furniture used during the 18-19th century before modern design movement of Internationalism prevailed all over the world. Owing to the fact that Danish peasant furniture were made of available conifer around the farms painting method was preferred to carving. Remoted from main land of western and southern Europe Scandinavian countries longed to imitate their Baroque style architecture and furniture made of marble of hard woods. Painting method was adopted to disguise cheap wood so that it looked like expensive or exotic materials such as marble oak metal granite etc. what they could not afford to buy. Eventually they evolved unique materials equipments and methods for imitation painting in order to decorate folk storage furnitures as well as formal architecture : palaces churches and other official buildings,. Marbling clouds marbling graining stencil spatter painting trompe-I'oeil were common to imitate stones or hard woods. Strong and bright colors had good combination together with dull colors on the Danish peasant painted furniture.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제30호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

As a short lived group, ABC had an important effect on the design of Modern architecture. Because it played an important role in the foundation of CIAM, and affected the style of Internationalism and Neue Sachlichkeit in Modern architecture. ABC group was the result of Elementarism and Constructivist International. And El Lissitzky was a central figure in the birth of ABC group as a Constructivist. ABC's design resembled the design of ASNOVA, but it modified it as a more real and functional design. This study amins at the analysis of the effects of ABC group on the design of Modern architecture.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-95
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• 2010

European integration is characterized by the development of a transnational European identity, which is considered an integral part of the process. Northeast Asia has no similar projects to address the common identity issue, although cooperation is highly valued there as well. Identity and cooperation both require interdisciplinary approaches combining social psychology, international relations theory and international economics. This article considers the problems of applying existing studies on cooperation and identity as well as the European experience (with the Baltic Sea example) to the case of Northeast Asia. Transnational identities promote cooperation beyond the limits of rationalistic game theory, if countries of the region can define their identities and interests, commit to common goals, create shared discourses and reach a balance between nationalism and internationalism. In view of proposed negotiations on the free trade area between China, Korea and Japan and ongoing discussions about a possibility of introducing a common currency (ACU) it can be crucial to consider the importance of identity building as early as possible, before regional integration meets a stumbling block of egoistic rationality that is a problem in any model of cooperation.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.223-265
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• 2002

In United States black mothers have consistently been treated as national outsiders, as women whose children, although ostensibly entitled to full citizenship, are in practice rarely provided with equal protection within the nation′s borders or under its laws. From the time he began writing in the aftermath of the failures of national Reconstruction, the African American public intellectual and political activist W. E. B. Du Bois realized that a truly effective anti-racist politics would also have to contend with the particular ways in which U.S. racism targeted black mothers. In short, he understood that an effective anti-racism would necessarily have to be a form of anti-sexism. This article examines the myriad ways in which Du Bois attempted to reconstruct the relationship between race and reproduction in the interest of producing anti-racist, anti-nationalist, as well as internationalist thinking. In so doing it treats the various representations of black maternity and child birth that Du Bois created, and elaborates on the rhetorical and political function of these representations in combating the racialization of national belonging on the one hand, and in articulating universal black citizenship, or what this article theorizes as racial globality on the other. The article begins by considering Du Bois′s attempts to transcend ideas about the racialized reproductive body as a source of national belonging within the United States, particularly his efforts to contest the idea of the reconstructing nation as a white nation reproduced exclusively by white women. Through analysis of Du Bois′s depiction of the birth and death of his son in his monumental work The Souls of Black Folk (1903) it demonstrates his reluctance to build an anti-racist politics founded on the idea that belonging within the nation is something that can be bestowed by one′s mother. The article proceeds by turning to Du Bois less well-known romantic novel, Dark Princess (1928) in which, by contrast, he depicts the birth of a "golden chi1d" who belongs not only within the United States, but within the world. This child, the son of an African American man and an Indian Princess, is cast as a messenger and messiah of a utopian alliance between pan-Asia and pan-Africa. In exploring the relationship between these two reproductive portraits, the article moves from a discussion of Du Bois′s critique of the ideological construction of the U.S. as a white nation reproduced by white progenitors, to an examination the literary figuration of a b1aek mother out of whose womb a black diasporic anti-imperialist alliance springs. In contrast to previous scholarship, which has tended to focus on the critique of U.S. racial nationalism that Du Bois expressed in his early work, or on the internationalism that he later embraced, this article pays close attention to how Du Bois′s anti-nationalist and internationalist politics together subtended by subtle, but constitutive, sexual politics.