• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2023

Tonnage taxation has contributed to developing the Korean maritime industry through tax relief for shipping companies. The current tonnage taxation relies on the net tonnage as an earning-capacity indicator in a merchant ship. Although the tonnage tax accords with horizontal equity, it does not match vertical equity because of the different taxable capacities of an individual company. Nowadays, maritime transport uses a dedicated vessel, and each shipping freight embeds a different value of time. It means the tonnage taxation regime should consider the added value of each shipping freight. Meanwhile, as the environmental regulations led by the International Maritime Organization are being strengthened, the Korean merchant fleet must be eco-friendly soon after. This study explores the alternative to renewing tonnage taxation by utilizing the Greenship certification and considering the ability-to-pay principle. Because the Greenship certification scheme encourages shipping decarbonization, maritime transport by a certified ocean-going vessel comes to be treated as an activity for the green economy. Special taxation for the green economy may contribute to shipping sustainability and market competitiveness.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.23-29
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• 2005

우리나라 해운기업은 국제적인 경쟁력 속에서 해운강국으로 발전하기 위해서 정부 및 해운선사가 안전관리의 활성화로 해상에서의 인명보호 및 해양환경의 보호를 위해 가일층 노력하고 있는데 아직까지도 내항선에서의 안전관리에 관한 활성화방안이 미흡하여 내항선에 맞는 체계적이고 현실적인 안전관리 활성화방안이 절실하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 오늘날 해운기업에서 국제적으로 중요시하는 안전 및 해양환경보호에 중점을 두고서 내항선 안전관리의 성과분석 및 활성화 방안의 개발 방향을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.57-76
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• 2010

This study reviews maritime transport policy regarding liner conference and the changes in the liner market over the decades. Liner shipping industry has long been protected from competition by block exemption. To prevent excessive competition in punctual operation and its inelastic market structure, liner shipping companies formed conferences that are protected to fix the prices under the law. In the US, deregulation in transport sector began from 80's and continuing with OSRA 1998, conferences were dissolving. On the other hand, the EU with close conference system, Regulation 4056/86 contained block exemption remained in force for unlimited time without review clause. However, in Oct 2008, the EU has announced its removal, and conferences were no longer permitted to fix the price nor exchange information. Although OSRA 1998 has already broken up conferences by allowing individual service contracts, but the repeal of the immunity for price fixing will alter significantly the rule on cooperation in the industry since it is a unilateral move by the EU, especially in transatlantic lane. There are rapid changes in shipping market getting much more complicated, and with removal of 4056/86 allowing the market to be more competitive, opening up the industry with far more diverse strategic options. Hence this paper reviews on liner shipping industry and its changes of policies over the years from protected market to open competition market of today.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.812-818
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• 2023

해양수산부는 2016년부터 2020년까지 국제사회의 이내비게이션 도입에 선제적으로 대응하고 어선 등 소형선박의 해사안전 증진을 위해 "초고속 해상무선통신망(LTE-M)" 구축을 포함한 한국형 이내비게이션 구축사업을 추진하였으나, 초고속 해상무선통신망의 활용 관점에서 특정 목적에 한정하는 등의 한계점이 식별되었다. 이에 따라 통신망의 활용성 증대를 위해 사용자를 대상으로 설문 조사 및 인터뷰를 수행한 결과, 망 활용의 범위 확대, 망 활용 대상 확장, 망 활용 방식 다각화, 그리고 규제 완화 측면에서의 법·제도적 개선 사항을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 도출한 사용자 요구사항을 기반으로 하여 향후 관련 법제 정비방안에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2012

In order to improve the overall ASEAN maritime transport network, each port's efficiency is regarded as a crucial factor that should be calculated periodically. This study evaluated the relative efficiency of container port operations of 32 ports belonging to 9 ASEAN nations using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It found that 2 out of 32 ports in 2010 were measured as efficient ports. This study yielded two major findings. Firstly, the ports assessed as inefficient need to benchmark similar ports in size and structure from the ports that are assessed as efficient to improve their efficiency. Secondly, these results could be used to determine potential candidates and country for an international port development co-operation programme with Korea to improve the performance of the entire ASEAN port network by developing the infrastructures of ill-equipped ports.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2022

해상운송과 육상운송이 교차하는 항만은 국제교역을 위한 필수 산업기반시설로 국가경제에 대단히 중요한 기능을 갖는다. 항만이라는 공간과 물리적 인프라도 중요하지만, 항만 인프라를 효율적 관리운영도 그에 못지않게 중요하다. 정부는 항만관리운영의 효율성과 전문성을 강화하기 위해 항만공사제도를 도입하고 항만공사를 설립하였다. 항만공사제도는 항만자치를 본질로 하기 때문에 항만공사의 독립성과자율성은 항만관리운영에 있어 대단히 중요하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 항만공사의 운영에 정부에 지나치게 간섭하고 있어 항만공사의 기능이 제대로 발휘되지 못하고 있다. 항만 관련 법제도의 개선이 필요하다는 지적이 꾸준히 제기되고 있다. 이에 항만공사 종사자, 공무원, 항만기업, 시민단체 등을 대상으로 항만공사의 자율성 강화를 위해 개선되어야 할 법제도에 대한 인식을 조사하고 정책방안을 제언하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.237-256
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• 2011

A Liner Conference can be defined as "a group of two or more vessel operating carriers which provide international liner services for the carriage of cargo on a particular route or routes within specific geographical limits and which has an agreement or arrangement within the framework of which they operate under uniform or common freight rates and any other agreed conditions with respect to the provisions of the liner services". This study reviews maritime transport policy regarding liner conference and the changes in the liner market over the decades. Liner shipping industry has long been protected from competition by block exemption. The repeal of the block exemption for liner conferences and the abolition of any special EC antitrust regime for the shipping industry marks an important step in European maritime competition policy. This article examines the origins and the rationale of the EC antitrust immunity granted so far th the shipping industry and explains the causes of this historic changes. The abolition of Regulation 4056/86 and of the EU commitment to the UN Code of Conduct marks an historical evolution in international maritime policy, which will have an influence far beyond the EU.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2021

선박을 포함한 지상, 해상, 공중의 이동체는 일반적으로 사람에 의해서 운용되고 있는데, 최근 제4차 산업혁명에 따른 자율의사결정시스템과 인공지능의 획기적 발전을 기반으로 자율 이동 개념의 무인이동체에 대한 연구개발이 전 세계적으로 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 국제해상운송에서 자율운항선박(MASS)의 상용화 실현을 앞두고 이 선박에 대한 성격 규정과 국제법적 지위에 대한 규명이 시급해졌다. 자율운항선박은 발전단계에 따라 승선원이 점차 감축되어 결국에는 완전히 무인화된 선박으로 운용될 것인데, 이 연구를 통하여 승선원이 없는 선박도 국제법상 선박으로써의 지위를 인정받을 수 있는가에 대한 쟁점 사항을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 유엔해양법협약(UNCLOS) 및 국제해사기구(IMO)의 제반 법규를 중심으로 자율운항선박은 일반선박과 동일한 국제법적 지위를 가지고 있음을 규명하고, 자율운항선박을 운용하는데 필요한 제반 국제협약의 제·개정작업에 관한 제도개선 방향과 국제법적 조치사항을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.115-134
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• 2020

Purpose - International trade leads to the international division of labor, improving the efficiency of the global economic system. Transport costs are a more serious barrier to international trade than customs tariffs. An increase in competition in the transport sector may thus lead to a reduction in transport costs. However, if a carrier's nationality significantly influences transport costs, simply adding more competing carriers of different nationalities would be ineffective. Therefore, it is necessary to establish national or regional carriers to influence competition and reduce transport costs. This study investigates this "nationality effect" by treating Hanjin Shipping's collapse as a natural experiment. Design/methodology - The theoretical basis of this study is the 3rd-degree price discrimination in container shipping market. By using the monthly data of container freight rates of Korea, China and Japan, this study shows the so-called Korea Premiums, which are the empirical counterparts of nationality effect in Korea container shipping market. For this empirical investigation, the structural model with state-space form is used and the dummy models are also estimated. In addition, because China has been also affected by the Hanjin's collapse, the China premiums are considered too. Findings - Compared with Japan's case, it is shown that there had been the so-called Korea premiums since the collapse of Hanjin Shipping. These results are robust from both the state-space model and dummy models. The time pattern of Korea premiums was consistent with the market evolution, especially the pattern of substitutability in container shipping markets. In addition, this paper shows the magnitude of Korea premiums. Originality/value - The argument of this study that the nationality effect can be interpreted as an extended concept of the home market effect is original, which is expected to evoke future research efforts. Further, the discussion on the shipping industrial policy from both horizontal and vertical aspects will provide the relevant policy makers with solid information, especially for the policy coordination in a global scale.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

Recently, there has been an increase in the demand for natural gas as a source of clean energy, which has increased the demand for LNG carriers. However, LNG carriers require a capital investment to obtain equipment for the regasification process, which prevents fires and explosions. Thus, on account of NIMBY, a CNG carrier is suggested that eliminates the need for regasification equipment. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide emissions are more and more regulated by international conventions such as the Kyoto Protocol. Because of this, $CO_2$ carriers have also received international attention as a methodology to transport and store $CO_2$ cargoes. Several vessels or tanks to transport and store $CO_2$ gas have been studied in various countries. This paper proposes a conceptual design for a 20ft container shaped tank to effectively transport small cargoes of $CO_2$ and CNG. The proposed pressure vessel or tank will be carried by a conventional containership or special cargo ship. The influences of the design parameters for proposed pressure vessel or tank. Including the materials, scantlings, and shape of the pressure vessel, are studied theoretically and computationally.