• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1873-1878
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• 2019

Background: Walking is a complex activity. The main components of walking include balance, coordination, and symmetrical posture. The characteristics of walking patterns of stroke patients include slow walking, measured by gait cycle and walking speed. This is an important factor that reflects post-stroke quality of life and walking ability. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of deep lumbar muscle stabilization exercise on the spatiotemporal walking ability of stroke patients. Design: Quasi-experial study Methods: The experiment was conducted 5 times per week for 4 weeks, with 30 minutes per session, on 10 subjects in the experimental group who performed the deep lumbar muscle stabilization exercise and 10 subjects in the control group who performed a regular exercise. Variables that represent the spatiotemporal walking ability (step length, stride length, step rate, and walking speed) were measured using GAITRrite before and after the experiment and were analyzed. Results: There was a significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise spatiotemporal walking ability between the two groups (p<.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the step rate and walking speed between the two groups (p<.05). Conclusions: Deep lumbar muscle stabilization exercise is effective in improving the walking ability of stroke patients. Therefore, its application will help improve the spatiotemporal walking ability of stroke patients.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.171-189
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• 2019

As many studies have contributed to various aspects of the market by utilizing market orientation, however, this study has tried to overcome limitations of existing studies and suggest more concrete and extended implications. In this study, the relationship between market orientation, responsiveness to market change, and organizational performance of SMEs was examined and compared with characteristics of SMEs (manufacturing and service firms). As a result of the verification, interfunctional coordination has a strong influence on the ability of the organization to respond to market changes as well as customer orientation and competitor orientation. And responsiveness to market change, organizational flexibility has a strong impact on both personal performance and overall team performance. As a result of the comparative study, it can be concluded that manufacturing firms emphasize competitor orientation and organizational agility while service firms emphasize customer orientation and organizational flexibility.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2022

The presented research is devoted to the problems of achieving the goals of sustainable development, which will contribute to the development of industrial parks and their transformation into eco-industrial parks. The importance of the functioning of industrial parks and their transformation into eco-industrial ones in the direction of achieving sustainable development goals is substantiated. The development of industrial parks and their transformation through the coordination of dynamic development processes and the establishment of a system of mutually beneficial relations, due to the peculiarities of their functioning aimed at achieving sustainable development goals ensure the achievement of sustainable spatial development. Transformation of industrial parks will contribute to: increasing tax revenues of local budgets, increasing employment in the regions, raising public awareness of the need for environmentally friendly, energy efficient production, increasing the balance and harmony of social, economic and environmental development, modernization of territorial communities and regional enterprises resources and increase entrepreneurial initiative, rational use of available resources, intensification of small and medium enterprises, including innovation. The authors' scientific achievements are the substantiation of the principles of functioning of industrial parks in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, which are based on a systematic approach and provide for the transformation into eco-industrial parks.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

Several studies have been conducted on market orientation over the last three decades. However, the majority of previous research focused exclusively on an internal vision that conceives the market orientation from an organizational perspective, considering the market orientation as a strictly perceived culture or behavior by company's staff (managers and employees) .This study aims to emphasize the importance of analyzing the market orientation from a dual perspective by investigating simultaneously the perceptions of customers and those of managers. It examines the perceptual gap or perceptual congruence of market orientation between customers and managers. A survey is conducted with Tunisian bank managers and B to B customers to measure their market orientation perception. The results should reveal level of manager's market orientation in Tunisian banks compared to customers' perceptions. The perception gaps of market orientation between managers and customers named congruence is highlighted and categorized. This study provides some contributions to fill the gap emerging from the one-sidedness of market orientation evaluation and gives a dyadic vision of market orientation that helps managers in their continuous learning about markets and sensing customers' needs and expectations. Market orientation level between the two groups is evaluated to give some managerial recommendations.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to explore how to enhance an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) for private companies, boosting their employees; performance. With OCB in place, businesses won't have to worry about employees engaging in harmful or counterproductive actions. Better coordination will benefit employees' skill sets and the company's overall performance. Research design, data and methodology: We used a data extraction form and present it as an appendix. These forms could demonstrate to the reader what the present authors looked for and how they found it. We also investigated to obtain text datasets whether any extractions were carried out in duplicate, and, if so, whether duplicate abstraction was carried out independently. Results: There are four solutions to boost employees' OCB for HR practitioners: 'Creating an Environment that Supports Constructive OCB', 'Encouraging Productive Behavior in the Workplace and Reward properly, 'Integrating Corporate Citizenship into Performance Evaluations', and 'Training to Use OCB and Educating on its Benefits'. Conclusions: Based on the research findings of the current study, this study strongly concludes that OCB should be encouraged, and employers and employees should collaborate on efforts to boost morale and increase productivity. As a direct result of their efforts, their firms enjoy improved earnings while experiencing reduced overhead costs.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2004

Over the years, most or many companies have focused their attention to the effectiveness and efficiency of their business units. As a new way of doing business, these companies have begun to realize the strategic importance of planning, controlling, and designing their own supply chain system. This paper analyzes the coordination issues in supply chains that consist of one manufacturer and multiple retailers operating under uncertain end customer demand and delivery lead-time. We use the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the appropriate ordering and inventory level at which the manufacturer and multiple retailers can maximize the profit of the chain. This is performed under three controlling policies: the traditionally centralized controlling policy under the manufacturer's perspective, the entire chain’s perspective, and lastly the coordinating controlling policy with an incentive scheme. The outcome from the study reveals that the coordinating controlling policy with an incentive scheme can outperform the traditional centralized controlling policies by creating a win-win situation in which all members of the chain benefit from higher profit, thus resulting in more willingness from all members to join the chain.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.827-858
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• 2006

본 연구는 효과적인 국제 환경협약을 지속시키기 위해 소위, 자기 강제적인 협력체제 구축이 가능한 게임이론적 분석틀을 제시한다. 모델은 본질적으로 전략적 성향을 추구하는 각 국 정부의 환경 정책(본 논문에서는 배출허가 규범의 예를 고려함)이 추진되는 과정에서 어떻게 지속가능한 국제 환경협약이행을 위한 규칙이 계획될 수 있는지 분석한다. 특별히 최근 무한 반복적 게임이론의 연구 성과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 이기적으로 행동하는 주권국가들이 일시적 이익을 위해 국제 협약을 위배하지 않고 지속적으로 그리고 협력적으로 그것을 위지시킬 수 있는 주요 메커니즘을 소개하는데 중점을 둔다. 현실적으로 국제 환경문제가 협약에 참가하는 국가들 뿐만 아니라 비회원국들에게도 외부효과가 미칠 수 있으며, 회원국 상호간에도 협약 이행에 관한 확실한 정보가 교환되지 못하는 경우를 고려하는 모델도 분석의 대상에 포함되었다. 이러한 경우, 모델의 균형 벡터를 구성하는 임계할인율, 유인가격수준, 그리고 협약위반에 따른 처벌 기간 등의 도출 과장이 간략히 논의된다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.275-304
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• 2014

일본의 지방자치단체는 급속한 세계화의 진전으로 인한 치열한 국제경쟁, 인구감소, 저출산 및 고령화, 재정적자의 확대 등 대내외 어려운 상황에서 국내외 지역과의 제휴 및 협력관계로 경제효과를 극대화하는 지역 활성화를 꾀하고 있으며 지역이 가지고 있는 인적 물적자원의 효율적인 배분을 통한 산업지원, 재정확보, 행정의 효율화 등을 목적으로 한 광역경제권 형성이 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 특히 간사이 광역연합은 지역산업클러스터 정책 등 광역경제권이 필요로 하는 성장전략을 통합적으로 기획하고 권역 내 자치기구의 성장전략을 조정하는 등 지역경제를 활성화하려는 시도를 추진하고 있으며 현재 광역권내 투자계획 및 조정역할을 간사이 광역연합이 담당하고 있는 등 광역연합의 위상이 한층 제고되고 있다. 급속한 세계화와 정보화가 진행되고 있는 가운데 지역의 다양한 수요를 충족시켜 효용극대화를 위해서는 국제교류의 주체도 중앙정부에서 지역정부로 이전될 필요가 있다. 외국의 광역지방자치단체와의 국제교류와 국제통상 그리고 산업클러스터 형성은 외부경제효과를 통한 양지역의 기술진보과 규모의 경제효과를 실현시켜 지역경제의 활성화를 실현하는 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.219-240
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• 2008

본 연구는 새로운 국가자원인 생물자원에 대한 최근의 국제적인 이슈와 주요국의 정책의지 및 관리 체계 등을 살펴 본 것이다. 그렇지만 논의의 전개를 위해 생물자원과 관련된 이론적인 논의, 역사 등을 먼저 검토하였다. 생물자원과 관련된 최근의 이슈는 지적재산권, 보관과 배송의 안전과 관련된 국제규약의 강화, 생물자원의 생물학적 표준강화, 생물자원센터의 윤리문제 등으로 특징지어진다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본고는 생물자원정책의 방향, 체계 및 내용을 간단히 권고하였다. 특히 범부처적 차원에서의 생물자원의 관리와 확보를 위한 종합 조정과 시스템 구축의 필요성을 강조하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.115-134
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• 2020

Purpose - International trade leads to the international division of labor, improving the efficiency of the global economic system. Transport costs are a more serious barrier to international trade than customs tariffs. An increase in competition in the transport sector may thus lead to a reduction in transport costs. However, if a carrier's nationality significantly influences transport costs, simply adding more competing carriers of different nationalities would be ineffective. Therefore, it is necessary to establish national or regional carriers to influence competition and reduce transport costs. This study investigates this "nationality effect" by treating Hanjin Shipping's collapse as a natural experiment. Design/methodology - The theoretical basis of this study is the 3rd-degree price discrimination in container shipping market. By using the monthly data of container freight rates of Korea, China and Japan, this study shows the so-called Korea Premiums, which are the empirical counterparts of nationality effect in Korea container shipping market. For this empirical investigation, the structural model with state-space form is used and the dummy models are also estimated. In addition, because China has been also affected by the Hanjin's collapse, the China premiums are considered too. Findings - Compared with Japan's case, it is shown that there had been the so-called Korea premiums since the collapse of Hanjin Shipping. These results are robust from both the state-space model and dummy models. The time pattern of Korea premiums was consistent with the market evolution, especially the pattern of substitutability in container shipping markets. In addition, this paper shows the magnitude of Korea premiums. Originality/value - The argument of this study that the nationality effect can be interpreted as an extended concept of the home market effect is original, which is expected to evoke future research efforts. Further, the discussion on the shipping industrial policy from both horizontal and vertical aspects will provide the relevant policy makers with solid information, especially for the policy coordination in a global scale.