• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.225-241
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• 2019

This study develops and validates an objective scale to measure newspaper use at home by elementary school students and parents. We developed a preliminary scale of 59 items through the review of literature on newspaper use and mediation as well as the examination of content validity by education experts. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. A total of 42 items were supported by 703 parents with students in grades 1-6 using exploratory factor analysis. The model included 3 categories and 9 sub-factors: instruction (modeling, restriction, and text instruction), activities (play activity, conversation, online mediation, and scrap activity), and belief (academic achievement and information acquisition). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed and validated the model fit; in addition, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and cross validity was confirmed through correlation analysis by gender comparison and grade comparison. We also verified the validity of this scale through correlation analysis based on Yu and Jung (2012)'s newspaper mediation variables and scale in regards to children's motivation for using newspapers. Finally, internal consistency reliability and half reliability were also confirmed. In conclusion, the suitability and stability of home newspaper utilization scale for elementary students (HNUS-E) were confirmed. This scale provides parents and educators with ideas for the development of the children's literacy, cognitive, and affective domains that can be effectively used in research on newspaper use for school-aged children.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.49-57
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• 2021

This paper aims to confirm the effect of self-control and organization-control on information security attitude. The research method is composed of a cross-design of locus of control and tightness culture. The measurement variables used in the assessment are information security actual attitude, compliace behavioral attitude, and information security efficacy. As a result, the locus of control had a significant effect on information security actual attitude, information security efficacy, information security efficacy, and it was found that influence of the internal-based condition was greater than the external-based condition. The tightness culture had a significant effect on compliace behavioral attitude, information security efficacy, and it was found that influence of the tight culture-based condition was greater than the loose culture-based condition. In addition, the discussion contatins the implications of information security direction that reflect these research results.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2021

Objective : Preoperative prediction of the arachnoid membrane descent in pituitary surgery is useful for achieving gross total removal and avoiding cerebrospinal fluid leakage resulting from tearing of the arachnoid membrane in the chiasmatic cistern. In this study, we analyzed the patterns of arachnoid membrane descent during or after pituitary tumor surgery and identified the factors related to this descent. Methods : Analysis was restricted to pituitary macroadenomas not extending into the third ventricle or over the internal carotid artery. To minimize confounding factors, patients who underwent revision surgery, those who had a torn arachnoid during operation or small medial diaphragma sellae (DS) opening, and subtotal resections were excluded. We enrolled 41 consecutive patients in this retrospective analysis. The degree of arachnoid descent was categorized using intraoperative videos. Preoperative magnetic resonance findings, including tumor height, suprasellar extension, and variables including DS area and medial opening size, tumor composition, and displacement of the pituitary stalk and gland were evaluated to determine their correlations with arachnoid membrane descent. Results : Arachnoid membrane descent was significantly correlated with DS area and medial opening size. Based on T2-weighted images (T2WI) magnetic resonance (MR) images, tumor composition was significantly associated with arachnoid membrane descent. Other factors were not significantly correlated with arachnoid membrane descent. Conclusion : T2WI of tumor composition and preoperative MR imaging of DS area and medial opening provided valuable information regarding arachnoid membrane descent. These parameters may serve as fundamental measures to facilitate complete resection of pituitary macroadenomas.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.827-833
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• 2020

In this paper, to reduce the unpaid rate of local governments, the internal data elements affecting the arrears in Water-INFOS are searched through interviews with meter readers in certain local governments. Candidate data affecting arrears from national statistical data were derived. The influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable was sampled by examining the disorder of the dependent variable in the data set called information gain. We also evaluated the higher prediction rates of decision tree and logistic regression using n-fold cross-validation. The results confirmed that the decision tree can find more accurate customer payment patterns than logistic regression. In the process of developing an analysis algorithm model using machine learning, the optimal values of two environmental variables, the minimum number of data and the maximum purity, which directly affect the complexity and accuracy of the decision tree, are derived to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2021

In the last few years, there is growing interest in the field of simultaneous equation estimation in finance due to the endogeneity problem caused by measurement errors, simultaneity, or omitted variables. This study aims to discuss the endogeneity problem in corporate financing decisions and investigate the interrelationship of financial decision-making such as investment decision, dividend decision, and external financing decision in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation. The Bruech-Pagan test shows that the data has no heteroskedasticity issue and 2SLS is a better approach in the context of this study as compared to the GMM approach, and internal instruments are also sufficiently strong and valid. The three financial decision-making attributes are not jointly determined, and the dividend is influenced by one-sided investment. In the emerging stock market context, external financing and investment are not inter-related and did not affect each other. The question of whether the simultaneous equation estimation can be useful in the context of the emerging stock markets and newly-growing firms remains unanswered. The inclusive evidence shows that the theoretical link in the emerging stock market is difficult to prove like in developed stock markets.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.105-130
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• 2018

Objective: In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Korean Intergenerational Psychological Ambivalence Scale (KIPAS) for young adult children. Method: Data came from 1,140 Korean young adults aged 19-34, who were never married and had at least one living parent. We translated the individual-subjective dimension of Zygowicz's (2006) Intergenerational Ambivalence Scale from English to Korean. The individual-subjective dimension had eight items that directly measured intergenerational psychological ambivalence (D-KIPAS) and 10 items that indirectly measured intergenerational psychological ambivalence (I-KIPAS). Results: The D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS items showed good internal consistency both for the mother and the father. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that D-KIPAS items loaded on one factor after controlling for method effects, which allowed error variances among the four non-reversed items to covary. Both the positive and negative items of I-KIPAS had good reliability and loaded on the same factor. The mean score of D-KIPAS and the calculated score of I-KIPAS were significantly but moderately correlated, which indicates that the D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS assess correlated but distinct aspects of intergenerational ambivalence. Correlations among D-KIPAS, I-KIPAS, and the proxy variables of intergenerational solidarity and conflict supported the discriminant validity of the KIPAS. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS are reliable and valid tools to measure intergenerational psychological ambivalence among Korean young adults.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 2021

Eco-friendly consumption is a prominent trend in the fashion industry, by which many firms attract the interest of consumers using a green marketing strategy. However, "greenwashing" (caused by distorted, exaggerated, and false information) gives rise to consumer confusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consumer confusion and value on price sensitivity and purchase intention. Data was collected from 228 respondents using a questionnaire that was distributed to consumers living in Seoul and Kyunggi, South Korea. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis, and Cronbach's alpha using SPSS 23.0. The results were as follows: First, factor analysis showed the consumer value variable was significantly categorized in altruistic and self-expressive values. All variables (altruism, selfexpression, consumer confusion, price sensitivity, and purchase intention) were shown to have significantly good internal validity. Second, altruistic consumer value was shown to positively affect the purchase intention of eco-friendly fashion products, but self-expressive consumer value had no significant effect. Third, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Fourth, altruistic and self-expressive consumer values had no effect on price sensitivity. Fifth, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products positively affect price sensitivity. Sixth, price sensitivity on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Therefore, fashion firms should provide a certified green mark to consumers to eliminate confusion and deliver the right message without greenwashing. Moreover, fashion firms should develop green marketing strategies that are more focused on altruistic consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In this paper, we extend a generic library framework based on the state monad to exploit deterministic parallelism in a purely functional language Haskell and provide benchmarks for the extended features on a multicore machine. Although purely functional programs are known to be well-suited to exploit parallelism, unintended squential data dependencies could prohibit effective parallelism. Symbolic execution programs usually implement fresh name generation in order to prevent confusion between variables in different scope with the same name. Such implementations are often based on squential state management, working against parallelism. We provide reusable primitives to help developing parallel symbolic execution programs with unbound-genercis, a generic name-binding library for Haskell, avoiding sequential dependencies in fresh name generation. Our parallel extension does not modify the internal implementation of the unbound-generics library, having zero possibility of degrading existing serial implementations of symbolic execution based on unbound-genecrics. Therefore, our extension can be applied only to the parts of source code that need parallel speedup.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2021

A new type of composite insulated concrete sandwich wall (ICS-wall), which is composed of a triangle truss steel wire network, an insulating layer, and internal and external concrete layers, is proposed. To study the mechanical properties of this new ICS-wall, tensile, compression, and shearing tests were performed on 22 specimens and tensile strength and corrosion resistance tests on 6 triangle truss joints. The variables in these tests mainly include the insulating plate material, the thickness of the insulating plate, the vertical distance of the triangle truss framework, the triangle truss layout, and the connecting mode between the triangle truss and wall and the material of the triangle truss. Moreover, the failure mode, mechanical properties, and bearing capacity of the wall under tensile, shearing, and compression conditions were analyzed. Research results demonstrate that the concrete and insulating layer of the ICS-wall are pulling out, which is the main failure mode under tensile conditions. The ICS-wall, which uses a graphite polystyrene plate as the insulating layer, shows better tensile properties than the wall with an ordinary polystyrene plate. The tensile strength and bearing capacity of the wall can be improved effectively by strengthening the triangle truss connection and shortening the vertical distances of the triangle truss. The compression capacity of the wall is mainly determined by the compression capacity of concrete, and the bonding strength between the wall and the insulating plate is the main influencing factor of the shearing capacity of the wall. According to the tensile strength and corrosion resistance tests of Austenitic stainless steel, the bearing capacity of the triangle truss does not decrease after corrosion, indicating good corrosion resistance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.578-585
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effects of Happiness on Organizational Commitment According to the Socio-demographic Characteristics of Teachers of Infants and Toddlers. The study subjects were 167 infant teachers in Ulsan. The collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, reliability analysis and correlation analysis on SPSS 22.0 program, and multiple regression analysis was conducted for the causal relation between variables. The analysis results revealed that self-regulating happiness, a sub-factor of happiness of infant teachers, had a significant effect on their affective commitment, but factors of internal and external happiness did not significantly affect affective commitment. Second, self-regulating happiness had a significant effect on their continuance commitment. Third, the self-regulating happiness had a significant effect on their normative commitment. This study is considered to provide the basic data for preparing a practical intervention plan for improving the organizational commitment of infant teachers.