• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2012

본 논문은 거배비용분석 이론의 포괄적 이해를 돕기 위한 하나의 방법으로 거래비용분석법의 구성요소 중의 하나인 "거래비용"에 대한 개념검토를 목적으로 하고 있다. 유통경로 지배구조 현상을 규명하기 위한 하나의 방법으로 거래비용 분석의 개념적 틀을 적용한 지도 벌써 수십 년이 경과되었다. 본 연구의 출발점은 Williamson(1975)이 개념적 틀에서 제시한 자산특유성(asset specificity)을 어떠한 형태로 정의하고 있는지?, 기존의 선행연구들에서는 어떠한 형태로 자산특유성을 설명하고 있으며, 선행연구들에서는 자산특유성 개념의 조작적 정의를 어떠한 형태로 정의하고 있는지? 에 대한 물음에서 출발하고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 거래비용 이론이 완전 자유 경쟁체제가 아닌 통제 경제체제에서도 적용 가능한 것이냐 하는 것이다. 거래비용 이론은 Williamson(1975)이 제시한 개념적 틀을 그대로 적용할 것이 아니라 해당 산업내지는 국가 체제에 따라 수정 보완하여 적용하는 것이 바람직하다는 결론이다. 기존의 거래비용(자산특유성)에 대한 연구방향을 종합하여 요약하면 크게 네 가지 방향으로 나누어진다고 볼 수 있다. 첫째는 기업이 제품의 유통과 관련하여 기업이 특유자산을 보유하고 있는 판매 대리인을 이용할 것인지, 아니면 자사의 고용인을 이용할 것인지에 대한 연구의 흐름이다. 둘째, 원료의 공급에 있어 기업이 특유자산을 보유하고 불확실성이 큰 경우 기업이 직접 제조할 것인지 아니면 외부 공급자로 부터 구매할 것인지에 대한 의사결정의 문제를 다루고 연구의 흐름이다. 셋째는 기업이 해외 시장 또는 서비스 시장 진출 시 지사의 사용 할 것인지 아니면 현지 대리인의 이용에 관한 문제를 다루는 연구의 흐름이다. 넷째는 거래비용이론이 가지는 기본 가정의 한계를 지적하고 거래비용이론의 확장을 시도하는 연구의 흐름이다. 거래비용분석이 갖는 한계점으로는 첫째, 기존의 연구들은 Williamson(1975)이 제시한 개념들을 이용하여 단순히 유통경로 현상을 규명하는데 만 치중하고 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 유통경로 구성원들이 거래비용(자산특유성)때문에 다양한 거래구조를 형성했다면 그에 따른 명확한 성과가 있어야 하는데, Heide와 John(1988)의 지적에서 처럼 거래비용분석의 기본 가정에 관한 실증적 연구가 매우 애매 한다는 것이다. 셋째, 기업이 특유자산(불확실성)을 보유하고 있는 거래를 내부화한다고 가정하고 있으나 내부화에 대한 명확한 설명이 제시되어 있지 않다는 것이다. 다섯째, 거래비용 이론은 완전자유경쟁체제에 적합한 이론이라 할 수 있으며 통제경제 내지는 계획경제 체제하에서는 적용하기가 부적절한다. 향후 연구를 위한 제언으로는 경제구조와 산업구조의 차이에서 발생하는 현상으로 분석할 수 있으며, 다양한 산업구조에 거래비용분석을 적용할 필요성이 존재한다. 따라서 거래비용분석에서 제시하고 있는 거래비용에 대한 명확한 정의가 필요하다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-105
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• 2005

The central aim of this thesis is to see if the structure of Palsangjeon(捌相殿) in Pubjoo Temple(法住寺), a five sto wooden pagoda in Chosen(朝鮮) Dynasty, was handed down from the ancient and middle ages. This study was performed through an analysis of Gilt-Bronze Pagoda built in Koryo(高麗) period. In other words, it is aimed at analyzing which lineage the structure of Palsangjeonbelongs to as a wooden pagoda. In analyzing the structure of Palsangjeon, I attempted to find out its source from the remains of Koryo period prior to the Chosen Dynasty. Examples are the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda, built during the Koryo period. I have also examined its relationship with other existing wooden pagodas and remains. The analysis of Palsangjeon, a five story wooden pagoda in Chosen Dynasty, focuses on the following: First, I explored the possibilities of whether the structure of Palsangjeon was newly invented in Chosen Dynasty, or if it had been derived from the wooden pagodas in the Koryo period. Secondly, I tried to find out if the stable vertical planes, with a great successive diminution ratio, were derived from the middle age, i.e. Koryo period. The results of the study of Palsangjeon through Gilt-Bronze Pagoda analysis are as follows: 1. The structure of Gilt-Bronze Pagoda, a wooden pagoda from the Koryo period, is roughly classified into the accumulation type, using pipe pillars, and the one story type using whole pillars. In the accumulation type, stories are connected in either a flat format or an intervening format. The Gilt-Bronze Pagoda is mainly composed of pipe pillars, with some whole pillars. However, the central pillar was omitted in the building structure. Generally, the upper and lower stories are connected by pipe pillars in a crutch format. All the pillars, whether they are pipe pillars or whole pillars, used Naiten(內轉) technology. The Eave supporter has the Haang type(下昻) and the Muhaang type(無下昻). In most cases, high balustrades are furnished, but few tables of high balustrades have been found. The slanting roof formats have been handed down from Paekche(百濟), Silla(新羅), or Koryo(高麗). However, the structure of the octagon is assumed to be derived from Koguryo(高句麗). The structure of the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda from the Koryo period is mainly composed of accumulated flat squares, with some spire types. intervening format, the structure of Palsangjeon used whole pillars in a half story format in which upper level side pillars are installed on the lower level tie beam. From the Bronze Pagoda from the Koryo period, we can assume that the half story format of wooden pagodas that has stable vertical planes with a great successive diminution ratio was created during the mid-Koryo period at the latest and had been idly developed by the time of the Chosen Dynasty. 3. The whole pillars in Palsangjeon are also found in Gilt-Bronze Pagodas from the Koryo period. Hence, all of the pillars in Palsangjeon seem to have been handed down from the ancient construction technology. They were also used in the construction of wooden pagodas from the Koryo period. Therefore, it is assumed that Palsangjeon was constructed using the construction technology of the Chosen Dynasty that had been developed from the wooden pagoda construction technology of the Koryo period. The stable vertical planes with a great successive diminution ratio in Palsangjeon are derived from ancient Korean wooden pagodas, which have developed into indigenous Korean wooden pagodas with fairly stable vertical planes and a great design, in the half story format of Koryo and Chosen Dynasty. Therefore, it is assumed that the structure of Palsangjeon has a systematic relationship with traditional Korean wooden pagodas and is one of the indigenous Korean wooden pagoda structures. 4. In China, the intervening format has been mainly used between stories in multi-story architecture since the ancient days. At the same time, the flat format as also used in ancient and middle ages. However, the flat format was replaced by whole pillars during the Ming(明) and Manchu(淸) Dynasties, in favor of simple and compact construction. The half-story format, in which upper level side pillars are installed on tie beams, has been found in some cases, but it doesn't seem to have been the primary construction technology. Few traces of the half-story format have been found in multi-story architecture in Japan, and it has not been used as a general construction format. By contrast, the half-story format, which seems to have been derived from the Koryo period, was used as a general construction format in multi-story architecture of the Chosen Dynasty. The construction technology of multi-story architecture is related to that of multi-story wooden pagodas, but they have different production technologies. It seems that the structure of Palsangjeon did not just adopt the construction technology of multi-story architecture in the Chosen Dynasty, but it was developed from wooden pagodas in the Koryo period, including the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda. 5. Since the ancient days, most Chinese and Japanese wooden pagodas have adopted an accumulation type of structure using pipe pillars, with accumulated pointed towers. On the other hand, though most Korean wooden pagodas have also adopted an accumulation type of structure from the ancientdays, one story type using whole pillars was created in the Koryo and Chosen Dynasties. The wooden pagoda structure of Palsangjeon, with stable vertical planes in a half story format, is a unique Korean construction technology, different from the construction technologies of Chinese and Japanese wooden pagodas. This thesis clearly determined the structural characteristics of Palsangjeon. However, various remains have yet to be analyzed in depth, to establish an accurate construction technology system. In the beginning of this thesis, I had difficulty in precisely interpreting the internal structure of the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda from its appearance. However, in the process of study, the more serious problem was that there are few remains or ruins of multi-story architecture in ancient and the middle ages of Korea. Therefore, it is urgent to discover various remains in the future. This thesis succeeded in determining the structural characteristics of Palsangjeon. However, it fell short of clarifying the structural lineage of the stable vertical planes, although they show indigenous Korean architectural taste, representing the unique national emotion, and the construction format of multi-story wooden pagodas in Korea. I hope this is clarified in the future research.