• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2011

Objectives : This study investigated oriental diagnosis and treatment of reflex esophagitis (RE) such as syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine by reviewing Chinese journals. Methods : A journal search was performed using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 2006 to December 2010. The keywords were the various combinations of 'reflex esophagitis', 'Chinese medicine', 'syndrome differentiation', and 'herbal medicine'. All types of journal entries that explained or referred to herbal medicines and definite syndrome differentiations were included. The Types of the journals were randomized clinical trials (RCT), reviews, essays, case series and reports. Vague syndrome differentiations and experimental studies were excluded. Selected journals were extracted and summarized by two researchers independently. Results : 47 Chinese entries were finally selected. 61% of them were case-control trials that had non-randomized, active controlled clinical trials. 36 kinds of syndrome differentiations about RE were investigated. We summarized and divided them into 10 syndrome differentiation groups. 肝胃不和(syndrome of liver qi invading the stomach) in syndrome differentiation, 和胃降逆 (harmonize the stomach and direct qi downward) in method of treatment, and Jwa kum-whan (左金丸) were cited with high frequency in RE. Conclusions : We find that many kinds of syndrome differentiation groups and herbal medicines for reflex esophagitis are used in China, compared with Korea. Further studies will be required about oriental syndrome differentiation and treatment of this disease.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2005

Gobjectives and Methods to investigate into the course of incurable and relapse renal stones' differentiation of symptoms and signs and to effectively improve treatment of incurable and relapse renal stones through Oriental Medicine. To search for the papers about treatment of incurable and relapse renal stones from 1994 till 2004, and re-search papers about treatment for indicated differentiation of disease. Result and conclusions : 1. It is the kidney vacuity additionally the deficiency of qi(氣) in middle-burner that the incurable and relapse renal stones' differentiation of disease. 2. The cause is taking an overdose of attacking renal stones to eliminate dampness and heat medicine, aging, chrome disease. a sex act excess, insufficiency of congenital qi(氣), insufficient exercise, wrong treatment and stress. 3. Herb medicines are constituted supplementing kidney drugs for inhibition of renal stone's creation, drugs to diuresis and dissolve calculi, and drugs 10 exclude stasis blood(瘀血) on account of renal stones. 4. Anti-renal stone measures me sufficiently drinking water, not eating greasy food. taking medicine for supplementing kidney, diuresis and dissolve calculi by periods, and drinking substitute water to boll down medical herb as Lysimachiae Herba (金錢草) Polygoni Avicularis Herba(篇蓄).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.40-53
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• 2010

Background : It was not enough to apply three kinds of syndrome differentiation in our oriental medical textbook to tremor's treatment according to reports of Korea and traditional medical textbook of China. Objective : To investigate syndrome differentiations by types of diseases related to tremor through Chinese journals review and to suggest adding possible syndrome differentiations. Methods : Literature search was performed using China Academic Journal (CAJ), the search engine of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1994 to December 2009. Searching key words were Chinese characters in combination meaning tremor, paralysis agitans, and syndrome differentiation. We included all types of articles that explained or referred to definite syndrome differentiations. The symptoms and oriental medications by syndrome differentiation in selected articles were extracted and summarized. Results : 56 Chinese journals were ultimately selected. 37 kinds of syndrome differentiations about tremor were investigated, which included dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛) quoted 31 times, liver-kidney yin deficiency (肝腎陰虧) 23 times, liver-kidney deficiency (肝腎不足) 21 times, and phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風) 20 times. 37 kinds of syndrome differentiation could by group into eight types, such as liver-kidney yin deficiency (肝腎陰虧), dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛), phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風), heart deficiency and spirit weakness (心虛神弱), blood stasis due to qi stagnation (氣滯血瘀), sea of marrow deficiency (髓海不足), liver qi depression (肝氣鬱結), and liver yang transforming into wind (肝陽化風). Conclusion : We suggest that the syndrome differentiations of tremor, such as heart deficiency and spirit weakness (心虛神弱), blood stasis due to qi stagnation (氣滯血瘀), sea of marrow deficiency (髓海不足), liver qi depression (肝氣鬱結), and liver yang transforming into wind (肝陽化風), can be added to liver-kidney deficiency (肝腎不足), dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛), and phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風) of the textbook. Further systematic research will be needed on them.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1374-1385
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• 2009

최근 CPU의 속도는 메모리의 속도에 비해 훨씬 빠르게 향상되었다. 따라서 주기억 장치의 접근이 주기억장치 데이터베이스 시스템의 성능에서 병목현상으로 나타나고 있다. 기억장치 접근 속도를 줄이기 위해 캐시메모리를 이용하지만, 캐시메모리는 요구되는 데이터가 캐시에서 찾을 수 있는 경우에만 기억장치 접근속도를 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 $CST^*$-트리라는 범위질의를 위한 새로운 캐시 적응 T-트리 색인구조를 제안한다. $CST^*$-트리는 색인 엔트리를 저장하지 않는 축소된 내부노드들을 캐시메모리에 올려 사용함으로써 캐시메모리의 활용도를 높인다. 그리고 인접한 단말노드들과 내부 색인노드들을 링크포인터를 통해 서로 연결함으로써 색인 엔트리들의 순차적 접근을 가능하도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 성능평가를 위한 비용 모델을 개발하고, 이를 이용하여 캐시미스 발생 횟수를 평가하였다. 그 결과 단일키 값 검색에서는 기존의 캐시만을 고려한 CST-트리에 비해 약 20~30%의 캐시미스 발생 횟수가 감소하였고, 범위질의에서는 기존의 범위질의만을 고려한 색인구조인 $T^*$-트리에 비해 약 10~20%의 캐시미스 발생 횟수가 감소하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.22-43
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Cheonmagudeung-eum (CGE) for essential hypertension by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The period of literature search was until October 30, 2016, and 14 electronic databases were utilized as search engines. The evaluation for the risk of bias (RoB) was conducted by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data, including total effective rate (TER), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the incidence of adverse events. Result: There were a total of 64 RCTs using CGE on adult essential hypertension. In the RoB evaluation, most of the items were unclear, and the qualities of studies were rated low. The concurrent treatment of CGE and antihypertensive drug (AHD) showed a significant hypotensive effect since the risk ratio (RR) of TER was 1.17 times (95% CI 1.14, 1.20, p<0.01) higher than that of AHD alone. In addition, the mean difference (MD) appeared low as 8.73 mm/Hg in SBP (95% CI -11.36, -6.09, p<0.01) and 5.81 mm/Hg in DBP (95% CI -7.50, -4.12, p<0.01). Conclusion: Through this study, it was identified that the combined treatment of CGE and AHD on hypertension would be more effective than that of AHD treatment alone. However, due to the low quality of the selected original articles, the significance of this conclusion is somewhat limited, and we hope that this would be complemented through more rigorous RCTs in the future.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report possibility of acupuncture or moxibustion for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by reviewing literature about its effectiveness. Methods : In this review, PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct and CINAHL of EBSCOhost were used to search medical journals, using keywords "Parkinson's disease and acupuncture" and "Parkinson's disease and moxibustion". The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCT) about Parkinson's disease combined with another disease and other treatments with acupuncture or moxibustion. Non-randomized controlled trial (nRCT), case study, animal experiment, human experiment, review, survey, essay, letter, and protocol for review were excluded. Results : From 311 studies, 111 were selected during the title and the screening. Finally, 16 RCTs (15 for acupuncture research and one for moxibustion) were included in this review, after scanning and matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of patients varied between 5 and 88. A total of 12 studies using electroacupuncture (EA) were classified into acupuncture studies. The body acupuncture studies numbered 4, scalp acupuncture 4, body and scarp acupuncture mixed studies 4, and bee venom, ear and abdomen acupuncture were each one study. In evaluation methods, total effective rate method was used in 9 studies, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used in 8, and the Webster score in 2. In addition, the Berg balance scale (BBS), 30 m walking time, steps to walk 30 m, PD motor function score, and Motor Performance Series by Schoppe (MLS) method were used for evaluation. In 15 of the 16 studies, the verum acupuncture group showed significant improvement compared with the control. In 9 studies using total effective rate method, the effective rate was reported as 80.0-97.3% in verum acupuncture groups and 52.6-86.4% in controls. Conclusions : Acupuncture may be a plausible alternative method to care for the long term symptoms and treat movement impairment of Parkinson's disease. However, to confirm this result, high quality studies including randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trials are warranted.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.537-548
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• 2009

Consumers' price related response in the clothing purchase decision-making process includes their expectation of price, price perception, attitude toward price and consequent behaviors. The purposes of this research are to systematically organize consumers' price related responses in the clothing purchase decision-making process, and to explain the effect of price on their purchasing. The qualitative research including shopping observation and in-depth interview was conducted. The result identified stages that showed different price related responses in clothing purchase decision-making process, and clarified each stage's characteristics. In the internal search stage, consumers recalled price information from memory and had a specific expectation about the price. This set a direction for the external search. In the external search stage, consumers selected brands or stores by a non-compensatory evaluating with an expectation of the price, and narrowed these down to several determinant alternatives by actively evaluating the products. In case a sufficient amount of price information was not recalled, the consumer established reference price through the external search. Finally, in the purchasing stage, consumers evaluated the determinant alternatives based on their compensatory evaluation. When perception of price was negative, consumers evaluate price combined with the higher criteria of clothing benefits, such as symbolic value and usability. The research is expected to contribute to predicting consumers' responses to price, and to establishing an effective pricing strategy.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2011

스마트폰의 보급량이 증가하면서 이동성과 휴대성이 강조된 모바일 검색이 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 모바일 검색을 위한 일반적인 키워드 입력 수단은 키패드로 제한되어 있다. 키패드는 모바일 기기가 갖는 이동성과 휴대성에 적합하지 않다는 단점을 갖는다. 이를 보완하기 위해 음성을 이용한 검색이 등장 하였지만, 이 또한 단점을 지니고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 다양한 상황에서의 정보 접근성을 향상 시키기 위해 이미지를 검색 수단으로 사용하는 검색 시스템을 제안한다. 본 콘텐츠는 안드로이드 플랫폼 기반의 스마트폰에서 이미지를 얻어 텍스트를 추출하고, 이를 검색 엔진의 키워드로 입력하여 그 결과를 출력하는 과정을 거친다. 또한, 검색 결과를 스마트폰의 내장 데이터베이스에 저장하고, 이를 관리하여 추후에 재사용할 수 있도록 한다. 실험을 통해 인식 가능한 이미지의 특성을 분석하고, 본 콘텐츠의 기능을 소개한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the achievements of Ryodoraku and to suggest new diagnostic ideas. Methods: A search of six Korean databases and one Japanese was performed using the terms such as Ryodoraku, diagnosis, foreigner, etc. and the search results classified and summarized. Results: From the initial search results, 21 Korean papers and 26 Japanese papers were selected and classified into 4 categories, that is, classification by pattern, classification by physiological limit, classification by setting various sections using the average Ryodoraku score, and classification by formula. Conclusions: Each of the 4 methods has its own benefits; however, it is hard to find disease-specific common characteristics from the Ryodoraku diagnostic values with the methods. Further studies which use the number of Pyesaek and Gyeokcha are necessary.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.231-246
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• 1994

A major problem for information retrieval research in the past three decades has been methodology, even though some progress has been made in obtaining useful results from methodologically sound experiments. Within a methodology, potential problems include artificial data generated by the researcher, small sample size interpretation of findings. Critics have pointed out that some room exists for improving methodology of information retrieval research; using existing data, having big enough sample size, including large numbers of search queries, introducing more control in relation to variables, utilizing more appropriate performance measures, conducting rests carefully and evaluating findings properly. Relevance judgments depend entirely on the perception of the user and on the situation of the moment. In an experiment, the best judge of relevance is a user with a well defined information need. Normally more than two categories for relevance judgments are desirable becase there are degrees of relevance. In experimental design, careful control of variables is meeded for internal validity. When no single database exists for comparison, existing operational databases should be used cautiously, Careful control for the variations of search queries, inter-searcher sonsistency, intra-searcher consistency and search strategies is necessary. Parametric statistics requiring rigid assumptions are not appropriate in information retrieval research and non-parametric statistics requiring few assumptions are necessary. Particularly, the sign test and the Wilcoxon test are good alternatives.