• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.6031-6034
• /
• 2013

This study describes recent trends in incidence, survival and prevalence of subgroups of esophageal and gastric cancer in Linzhou city between 2003 and 2009. Data of esophageal and gastric cancer for the period of interest were extracted from the Linzhou Cancer Registry. Using information on tumor morphology or anatomical site, data were divided into six groups; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, other and unspecified types of esophageal cancer, and cardia, non-cardia, and unspecified anatomical site of stomach cancer. Incidence, survival and prevalence rates for each of the six cancer groups were calculated. The majority of esophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinomas (82%). Cardiac cancer was the major gastric cancer group (64%). The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer increased between 2003 and 2009. Both esophageal and gastric cancer had a higher incidence in males compared with females. Overall survival was poor in all sub-groups with 1 year survival ranging from 45.9 to 65.6% and 5 year survival ranging from 14.7 to 30.5%. Prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer was high (accounting for 80% overall). An increased focus on prevention and early diagnosis, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer, is required.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.449-456
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was investigate the relationships among perceived social support, instrumental support needs, and depression of healthy, community dwelling elderly women. Method: This study was designed to examine whether the perceived social support and instrumental support were correlated with depression in elderly women. Data were cross-sectional and community-dwelling elderly individuals. The subject was 98 elderly women recruited from Elderly Welfare Center and Community center for Elderly. The instruments for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire-part II, Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form), and Instrumental Support Activities Checklist. Data were gathered by means of structured personal interviews. The internal consistency of the instruments was relatively good. Result: The participants' perceived social support was moderately high and instrumental support needs was low. Depression was mild and moderate relatively. The correlation analysis showed that the perceived social support was negatively related to depression and negatively related with instrumental support needs. Conclusion: The findings suggested that more perceived social support, less their depressive symptom in elderly women. It also revealed that the age, marital status, and socioeconomic status of elderly women also are important indicator of the elderly depression. Therefore nursing assessment and the design of intervention that incorporate the determinants supported in this study, such as perceived social support of the elderly women are needed in adopting and maintain health promoting lifestyle for the mental health and effective functioning in later life in women.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.311-330
• /
• 2011

In line with the establishment of the National Sejong Library, the main objective of this study is to construct a basic management plan to enable smooth operations of the library from its opening. To follow through with this goal, this paper analyzes the environment surrounding the National Sejong Library, puts forth new strategies to reinforce the policy information service, and suggests new development plans for the library's collection. This study examines the internal and external environment of the library through face-to-face interviews with library staff, while conducting surveys on public officials transferred to the city for suggestions on how to reinforce the policy information service. The vision of the National Sejong Library is to become a specialized resource institution in administrative policy, while also fulfilling the day-to-day needs of the community and serving as a supplementary record storage facility to the National Library. In order to reinforce the policy information service, it is crucial to digitize all policy-related theses, reports, and trend research, while establishing a firm network with other libraries in Korea and abroad to provide a wider range of policy files, local government policy documents, and other resources.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.219-236
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the elderly's stress on depression, and also to verify the mediating effect of the elderly's resilience and the moderating effect of their social activity between stress and depression. To achieve the purpose of this study, questionnaire survey was conducted. Research subjects of this study were 487 elderly people who were 60 years old and over in Gimhae area. Both the elderly participating in senior welfare center or community center and home care elderly people were included in survey. The study results are as follows: First, there were significant influence of the elderly's stress on depression. Second, the mediating effect of the elderly's resilience between stress and depression was verified. Both the direct effect of stress on depression and indirect effect of stress through resilience on depression were verified. Third, the moderating effect of the elderly's social activity between stress and depression was verified. It was found that the harmful effect of the elderly's stress on depression could be alleviated by participation in social activity. Through the study result, the elderly's resilience which is internal resource, is needed to be strengthened to alleviate depression derived from stress. Also, the elderly's active participation in social activity is needed to be encouraged to prevent the harmful effect of the elderly's stress on depression. Therefore, it is recommended that programs enhancing resilience of the elderly should be developed and the elderly should be supported to participate in social activity more actively.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.473-478
• /
• 2016

Server virtualization provides abstraction of physical resources to users and thus accomplishes high resource utilization and flexibility. However, the characteristics of server virtualization, such as the limited number of physical resources shared by virtual machines, can cause problems, mainly performance interference. The performance interference is caused by the fact that the CPU scheduler running on the host operating system schedules virtual machines without considering the characteristics of the virtual machine's internal process. To address performance interference, a number of research activities to improve performance interference have been conducted, but do not deal with the fundamental analysis of performance interference. In this paper, in order to analyze the cause of performance interference, we carry out profiling in a variety of scenarios in a virtualized environment based on KVM. As a result, we analyze the phenomenon of the performance interference in terms of CPU scheduling and propose an efficient scheduling solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.10
• /
• pp.10-20
• /
• 2003

In this study, the effective properties were numerically calculated for laminated plain weave textile composites with arbitrary s tacking orientation angles. A single-field macroelement with modified sub-domain integration was used in the analysis to reduce computer resource requirement while efficiently accounting for the internal microstructure. A sample calculation procedure based on the Monte Carlo method was employed to consider the random shift between the layers. Results showed that a significant deviation occurred when the orientation angles were near 0 deg for extensional modulus and Poisson's ratio and 45 deg for the shear modulus. It was also found that the average properties calculated by the 2-layer numerical specimen had large differences compared to the CLT results, which indicated that a caution must be needed when designig of thin plain weave composite structures.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The goal of this study was to analyze the degree of stress and methods of coping with stress in mothers of cerebral palsied children and to provide a basic resource for the development of policies to improve the mental health of mothers with cerebral palsied children. Methods: 85 mothers with cerebral palsied children and 77 mothers of normal children completed a self-administered questionnaire that evaluated the degree of stress and methods of coping with stress. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ score was used to determine the internal consistency of the acquired data and the discriminated validity was estimated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Independent t-tests were conducted to compare the degree of stress and method of coping with stress between mothers of cerebral palsied children and mothers of normal children and one-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the effect of generalized characteristics on stress in mothers of cerebral palsied children. Results: The degree of stress in terms of anxiety response and roles as mother for mothers with cerebral palsied children was higher than mothers with normal children. However, there was no significant difference between two group in regards to the methods of coping with stress during a stressful episode. The degree of stress for mothers with cerebral palsied children was greater when the child was younger. Conclusion: Mothers of cerebral palsied children had higher stress than that of mothers with normal children and felt more stress when their child was younger. Therefore, these results suggest that health-based policies should be developed to improve the mental health of mothers with cerebral palsied children.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2013

We studied the possibility to produce solid fuel using cattle manure and to apply TAO (Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation) process of solid-liquid separation fraction. The physiochemical compositions of cattle manure solid fuel chip were analyzed as water 0.12%, low calorific value 3,510 kcal/kg, ashes 11.9%, chlorine 0.82%, sulfur dust 0.5%, mercury non-detection, cadmium 1.0 mg/kg, lead 2 mg/kg, arsenic non-detection. In treating cattle manure with TAO reactor the internal temperature of the reactor was increasing higher and $50^{\circ}C$ and over was maintained after 20 hours on. The physiochemical compositions of liquids increased from pH 7.3 to pH 9.18 and EC decreased from 4.6 to 3.48 mS/cm in treating process of cattle manure with TAO reactor. COD and SCOD decreased from 16,800 to 10,400 mg/L, from 4,600 to 2,040 mg/L respectively, which showed about 38% and 56% of remove efficiency respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2003

Objectives : This study aimed to develop an evaluation protocol of disability weights using person trade-off, and to test the reliability of the developed protocol in a Korean context. Methods : To develop the valuation protocol, the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) and the Dutch studies were replicated and modified. Sixteen indicator conditions were selected from the Korean version of disease classification, which was based on that of the GBD Study, and the person trade-off method referred to the Dutch method. Results : The disability weights were valued in a two step panel sfudy. The first step was a carefully designed group process by three panels, using person trade-off to establish the disability weights for sixteen selected indicator conditions. The second step consisted of interpolation of the remaining diseases, on a disability scale, by the individual members of three panels. The members of three panels were all medical doctors, with sufficient knowledge of the consequences of a broad variety of diseases. The internal consistency of the Korean disability weights was satisfactory. Considerable agreement existed within each panel and among the panels. Conclusions : It was feasible to use a modified evaluation protocol from those used in GBD and Dutch studies, This would provide a rational basis for an international comparative study of disability weights.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 2020

Because of the intensified environmental problems such as climate change and resource depletion, sewage treatment technology focused on energy management has recently attracted attention. The conversion of primary sludge from the primary sedimentation tank and excessive sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank into biogas is the key to energy-positive sewage treatment. In particular, the primary sedimentation tanks recover enriched biodegradable organic matter and anaerobic digestion process produces methane from the organic wastes for energy production. Such technologies for minimizing oxygen demand are leading the innovation regarding sewage treatment plants. However, sewage treatment facilities in Korea lack core technology and operational know-how. Actually, the energy potential of sewage is higher than sewage treatment energy consumption in the sewage treatment, but current processes are not adequately efficient in energy recovery. To improve this, it is possible to apply chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), high-rate activated sludge (HRAS), and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to the primary sedimentation tank. To maximize the methane production of sewage treatment plants, organic wastes such as food waste and livestock manure can be digested. Additionally, mechanical pretreatment, thermal hydrolysis, and chemical pretreatment would enhance the methane conversion of organic waste. Power generation systems based on internal combustion engines are susceptible to heat source losses, requiring breakthrough energy conversion systems such as fuel cells. To realize the energy positive sewage treatment plant, primary organic matter recovery from sewage, biogas pretreatment, and co-digestion should be optimized in the energy management system based on the knowledge-based operation.