• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2008

Interleukin-2 plays a significant role in T cell proliferation. Here, we report the role of IL-2 in angiogenesis. IL-2 increased the ROS level and phosphorylation of Akt in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). IL-2 increased angiogenesis in an animal model and tube formation in HUVECs. The effect of IL-2 on angiogenesis and tube formation was mediated by ROS and Akt. This is the first report that IL-2 promotes angiogenesis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2004

Jeongshin-tang (JST) is a Korean herbal prescription, which has been successfully applied for the various neuronal diseases. However, it's effect remains unknown in experimental models. To investigate the biological effect of JST in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro model, we analized the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in IL-1β plus β-amyloid [25-35] fragment (A)-stimulated human astrocytoma cell line U373MG. JST alone had no effect on the cell viability. The production of IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with JST (1mg/㎖) on IL-1β plus A-stimulated U373MG cells. Maximal inhibition rate of IL-6 and IL-8 production by JST was about 41.22% (P<0.01) and 34.45% (P<0.05), respectively. The expression level of COX-2 protein was up-regulated by IL-1β plus A but the increased level of COX-2 was inhibited by pretreatment with JST (1 mg/㎖). These data indicate that JST has a regulatory effect on cytokine production and COX-2 expression, which might explain it's beneficial effect in the treatment of AD.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2000

A fusion protein of human interleukin-2(hiL-2) and glucagon which was expressed in Escherichia coli. was digested with enterokinase for recovery of hIL-2 from the fused protein. To obtain hIL-2 of optimum recovery hydrolysis reaction were performed under various conditions of urea additives and reaction time. hIL-2 was finally purified by RP-HPLC(reversed phase-HPLC) to remove cleaved G3 fusion partner and residual uncleaved G3-IL-2 HIL-2 was eluted in a single peak at 100% acetonitrile at 28 min. Optimum urea concentration was found to be 0.5 M and 24 h reaction time was sufficient without any additive such as CaCl2 and Tween-20.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1264-1269
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• 2011

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a vital cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular functions and immunity of animals. In this study, the recombinant duck IL-2 (rduIL-2) was secretory expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). The recombinant P. pastoris strain was cultured in shake flasks and then scaled up in a 5.0-l bioreactor. The result showed that the maximal fresh-cell-weight of 594.1 g/l and the maximal $OD_{600}$ of 408 were achieved in the bioreactor. The rduIL-2 was purified by two steps of purification procedures, and approximately 311 mg of rduIL-2/L fermentation supernatant was obtained. SDS-PAGE showed that the purified rduIL-2 constituted a homogeneous band of ~16 kDa or ~14 kDa corresponding to the glycosylated or non-glycosylated duIL-2 protein in size, respectively. The bioactivity of rduIL-2 was determined by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The result indicated that the rduIL-2 greatly promoted the proliferation of ConA-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. The P. pastoris expression system described here could provide promising, inexpensive, and large-scale production of the rduIL-2, which lays the foundation for development of novel immunoadjuvants to enhance both the immunity of ducks against various infectious pathogens and vaccine efficacy.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

In the present study, effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a differentiator and proliferator of T-cells, on nuclear maturation and sperm penetration of bovine oocytes was examined in a serum-free or serum-containing medium. Basic medium was used TCM-199 supplemented with 2.2g / ι sodium bicarbonate, 100 i.u. /rnl penicillin. 100$\mu$g /ml streptomycin, 0.25$\mu$g/ml Fungizone, this medium treated with FCS and IL-2. In experiment 1, we examined the effect of the addition of 0, 1, 5, 10 or 15nM /ml IL-2 to tissue culture medium (TCM-199) on nuclear maturation of oocytes Development of oocytes to the Metaphase II (M II) stage (%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher at 1, 5,10 and 15 nM /ml IL-2(54.2, 73.5, 80.0 and 69.6%, respectively) than at 0 nM /ml IL-2(35.7%). In experiment 2, we examined the effect of the addition of l0nM /ml IL-2 or 5% FCS in oocyte maturation. Nuclear maturation rates were significantly(P<0.05) higher l0nM /ml IL-2(80%) than non-treatment(35.7%) and 5% FCS(63.6%) treatment. On the other hand, there were no significant difference in the proportion of oocytes developed to the 2-cell stage after addition of IL-2 and/or FCS. These results suggest that IL-2 supports nuclear maturation of bovine immature oocytes in vitro. Serum-free maturation system using IL-2 might be useful for evaluation of various factors on oocyte maturation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.568-575
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• 2000

Background : Cytokines are chemical mediators that control and modulate many inflammatory processes. They work in different fashions in a variety of diseases. Discriminating between malignant effusion, tuberculous effusion, and parapneumonic effusion are crucial from the clinical view-point in Korea. In the current study, interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured for this purpose. Methods : Pleural fluids from patients with malignant disease, tuberculosis, parapneumonic effusion and lung empysema were collected and gauged using commercial ELISA kits. Results : 34 patients were enrolled in this study. Among these 15 cases were malignant effusions, 12 were tuberculosis pleurisy and 7 were parapneumonic effusion and lung empyema. The levels of cytokines measured in this study were as follows, in order of frequency, malignant effusion, tuberculous effusion, parapneumonic effusion and lung empyema. The levels of INF-${\gamma}$ were higher in tuberculous effusion than in malignant or parapneumonic effusion ($295.5{\pm}585.5$ vs. $16.7{\pm}50$ vs. $10.0{\pm}0$ pg/ml, p>0.05). The levels of IL-2R were higher in tuberculous effusion than in malignant or parapneumoruc effusion ($7423.5{\pm}3752.8$ vs. $3247.4{\pm}1713.3$ vs. $3790.2{\pm}3201.1$ pg/ml, p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the levels of IL-6 between the groups ($600{\pm}12.8$ pg/ml in malignant effusion, $556.4{\pm}161.7$ pg/ml in tuberculous effusion, $514.4{\pm}224.8$ pg/ml in parapneumoruc effusion). IL-10 levels were higher in parapneumoruc effusion than in malignant or tuberculous effusions ($98.4{\pm}141.7$ vs. $28.2{\pm}55.5$ vs. $11.3{\pm}11.7$ pg/ml, p<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that the measurement of IL-2R levels in pleural fluids may be a useful means of differentiating between tuberculous effusion and pleural effusions of other origins, and that the measurement of IL-10 levels in pleural fluids may be useful to differentiate between parapneumonic effusion and pleural effusions of other origins.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6703-6707
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the influence of propofol, isoflurane and enflurance on interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-10 levels in cancer patients. Methods: Ninety cancer patients with selective operation from March 2011 to May 2014 were randomly divided into group A (34 cases), group B (28 cases) and group C (28 cases). Intramuscular injections of scopine hydrochloride and phenobarbital sodium were routinely conducted to 3 groups. After general anesthesia was induced, tracheal intubations were given. During the maintenance of anesthesia, 0.5~1.0 mg/kg propofol was intravenously injected to group A discontinuously, while continuous suctions of isoflurane and enflurance were subsequently performed to group B and C correspondingly. Clinical outcomes, postoperative complications as well as serum IL-8 and IL-10 levels before operation (T0), at the time of skin incision (T1), 3 h after the beginning of the operation (T2) and 24 h (T3) and 72 h (T4) after the operation were observed among 3 groups. Results: Operations in all groups were successfully completed. The rates of surgery associated complications were 8.82% (3/34), 7.14% (2/28) and 7.14% (2/28) in group A, B and C, respectively, and there were no significant differences (P>0.05). Serum IL-8 and IL-10 levels increased gradually from the beginning of the operation and reached the peak at T3, and were evidently higher at each time point than at T0 (P<0.01). At T1, serum IL-8 and IL-10 levels had no significant differences among 3 groups (P>0.05), but the differences were significant at T2, T3 and T4 (P<0.05). Moreover, correlation analysis suggested that serum IL-8 level was in positive relation with IL-10 level (r=0.952, P<0.01). Conclusions: Propofol, which is better in inhibiting serum IL-8 secretion and improving IL-10 secretion than isoflurane and enflurance, can be regarded as a preferable anesthetic agent in inhibiting traumatic inflammatory responses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1992

The partitioning of recombinant human interleukin-2(rhII-2) in PEG 8000-dextran 38800 aqueous two-phase system has been investigated using three different sources of rhIL-2. In the case of pure rhIL-2, the solubility in a PEG-dextran two-phase system was low and most of rhIL-2 was partitioned into the bottom phase. For the recovery of rhIL-2 from insoluble protein aggregates, the inclusion bodies of recombinant E. coli were solubilized by the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The addition of SDS significantly enhanced not only the solubility of rhIL-2 but also the partitioning of rhIL-2 to the top phase. When the ratio of SDS to rhIL-2 was 2.0, the partition coefficient(K) and the recovery yield(Y) at the top phase were 4.5 and 88%, respectively, at pH 6.8. In order to reduce the recovery steps further, SDS was directly added to the intact recombinant E. coli cells and then partitioned into the PEG/dextran aqueous two-phase system. The observed partition coefficient ($K{\cong{3.0$) and recovery yield ($Y{\geq}80%$ )of this method were comparable to the rhIL-2 recovery from insoluble protein aggregates. The results obtained in this work indicate that PEG-dextran two-phase partitioning might provide a simple way for the recovery and partial purification of recombinant proteins which are produced as inclusion bodies.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2014

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1${\alpha}$(IL-1${\alpha}$), tumor neurosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin- 8 (IL-8) and also increase the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandins E2 (PGE2). In this study, we developed new natural ingredients for cosmetics that inhibit the pro-inflammatory responses induced by LPS in HaCaT cells. The mixture of Sorbus commixta (SC), Urtica dioica (UD), Phyllostachys nigra (PN), and Rhus semialata gall (RS) extracts blocked the increase of TNF-${\alpha}$ IL-1${\alpha}$ IL-6, and IL-8. The increase of COX-2, iNOS, and PGE2 were also blocked by it. Finally, the mixture inhibited skin irritation induced by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), when applied on skin through IQ chamber$^{(R)}$. In conclusion, these results show that the mixture of SC, UD, PN, and RS can be used as a primary ingredient to alleviate skin irritation when cosmeceutical products are developed for sensitive skin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2000

Recombinant inteileukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent inductive stimulus for nitric oxide synthesis (NO.) and has been demonstrated as an antineoplastic agent in mice and human. But it is not let clear whether NO. can contribute to IL-2-induced therapeutic responses. Therefore, the current experiment was undertaken to clarify the effect of IL-2 on antitumor response against subcutaneous Meth-A tumor in mice. At the beginning of each experiment, normal BALB/c mice were injected subcuta-neously with $5{\times}10^6 Meth-A$ tumor cells. Some mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps con- taining 225 $\mu$l of 3.38 M $N^{\gamma}$ -monomethyl-L-arginine (MLA. an NOS inhibitor). Beginning on day 7, experimental groups were treated with a f-day course of IL-2 (50,000 lU,75,000 nJ,100,0007, 50,000 IU+MLA, 75,000 IU+MLA, 100,000 IU+MLA intraperitoneal injection every 12 hours for 5 days). The result of this experiment revealed that Meth-A tumor grew progressively in control mice. Intraperitoneal IL-2 treatment decreased tumor growth and prolonged survival. compared with con-trol mice. But no significant differences among 50.000 lU.75.000 lU and 100,000 lU of 7-2 treat-ment were observed. MLA administration prevented partially the decrease tumor growth and prolong survival of IL-2 treated mice compared with mice receiving IL-2 alone.