• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.213-224
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• 2024

This study utilizes Roland Barthes' semiotic theory to explore how interface design elements of beauty camera apps, such as filters and stickers, icons and buttons, layout and structure, function as symbols of self-expression, and their impact on users' social identity and personal image. Through in-depth analysis of applications like BeautyPlus, Ulike, MeituPic, and Faceu, this research found that these apps emphasize usability, visual appeal, and social interactivity in their design. These elements not only enhance user experience and operational efficiency but also reflect popular cultural trends and aesthetic preferences. From Barthes' perspective, these interface elements have become "myths" with specific social meanings, which are naturalized in daily use and promote the widespread acceptance of particular aesthetic standards. These interface design elements are not just tools for self-expression; they are also powerful cultural symbols that shape modern social interactions and visual culture. This research offers a new perspective to understand the interactions between individuals and society in the digital age, emphasizing the role of technology, culture, and social interaction in shaping contemporary human behavior and social relationships.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

Large-scale direct shear tests were conducted in order to evaluate both the shear strength of crushed stone itself and the interface shear strength between crushed stone and geotextile. Total three types of geotextile (i.e. one woven geotextile and two nonwoven geotextiles) were used in the experimental program, considering two different values for the unit weight of crushed stone. Total fifteen tests were conducted in this study. It has been found from the experimental results that the friction angles of crushed stone itself were $47^{\circ}$ and $57^{\circ}$ under the unit weights of crushed stone being $1.4t/m^3$ and $1.5t/m^3$, respectively. Interface friction angle between nonwoven geotextile and crushed stone showed $39^{\circ}$ for type A indicating an efficiency of 83% and $42^{\circ}$ for type B indicating an efficiency of 89%. Similarly, interface friction angle between woven geotextile and crushed stone showed $39^{\circ}$ indicating an efficiency of 83%.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 2019

Ternary MoS₂/graphene (G)-TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology, phase structure, band gap, and catalytic properties of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement. The H₂ production efficiency of the prepared catalysts was tested in methanol-water mixture under visible light. MoS₂/G-TiO₂ exhibited the highest activity for photocatalytic H₂ production. For 5 wt.% and 1 wt.% MoS₂ and graphene (5MT-1G), the production rate of H₂ was as high as 1989 µmol^-1h^-1. The catalyst 5MT-1G showed H₂ production activity that was ~ 11.3, 5.6, and 4.1 times higher than those of pure TiO₂, 1GT, and 5MT, respectively. The unique structure and morphology of the MoS₂/G-TiO₂ photocatalyst contributed to its improved hydrogen production efficiency under visible light.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2007

RFID technology is considered as a promising solution to increase efficiency of port logistics. Especially active RFID technology, such as e-Seal for container security, is receiving attention nowadays. If active RFID system is combined with passive RFID and legacy bar-code system overall efficiency of port logistics can be improved However, due to the device dependent control interface of RFID readers, there are many difficulties in making active-passive combined RFID system environment. In this paper, we introduce Smart Reader Interface (SRI) system, which provides a device independent RFID reader interrace to control different kinds of RFID readers by hiding device dependent control interface through adapter architecture which is similar to device driver of conventional operating systems. The key design objectives of SRI are the followings; conformance to the related standard. efficiency in processing, easy addition of an adapter for a new RFID reader. Actually, the implemented SRI system can support various kinds of commercial RFID readers, and through the test carried out not only in laboratory but also in the container terminal in the GwangYang Port, its practicality is verified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.549-553
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• 2014

Variation of sewage sludge interface height and flow rate by rainfall were applied to the actual public sewage treatment plant, and the efficiency of sewage treatment was evaluated by measuring $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, and T-P. When both flow and interfacial height are increased, the treatment efficiencies in terms of the five water pollutants are decreased. Among them SS is the most critical pollutant in rainfall. When 0.5 Q inflow was applied, the efficiencies were 74.2% at the sludge interface height of 0.5 m, 76.4% at 1.0 m, 70.2% at 1.5 m, and 60.7% at 2.0 m. When 1.0 Q inflow was applied, the efficiencies were 71.7% at the sludge interface height of 0.5 m, 71.9% at 1.0 m, 46.4% at 1.5 m, and -38.0% at 2.0 m. Operation at 2.0 Q~2.0 m and 3.0 Q~1.0 m above the sludge rising phenomenon occurred causing adverse effects on the public bodies. If the flow rate increases, the processing efficiency is reduced from 74.2% to 17.3%, even though the sludge interface height was maintained at 0.5 m, so that the inflow adjustment was most important during rainfall, and the interface height of 1.0 m should be maintained to minimize the adverse effect on public water system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2011

We will report a few methods to improve the efficiency and stability in small molecule based organic solar cells, including the formation of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) through alternative thermal deposition (ATD), the use of a micro-cavity structure and interface modifications. By ATD which is a simple modification of conventional thermal evaporation, the thicknesses of alternative donor and acceptor layers were precisely controlled down to 0.1 nm, which is critical to form BHJs. The formation of a BHJ in copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene (C60) systems was confirmed by AFM, GISAXS and absorption measurements. From analysis of the data, we found that the CuPc|C60 films fabricated by ATD were composed of the nanometer sized disk shaped CuPc nano grains and aggregated C60, which explains the phase separation of CuPc and C60. On the other hand, the co-deposited CuPc:C60 films did not show the existence of separated CuPc nano grains in the CuPc:C60 matrix. The OPV cells fabricated using the ATD method showed significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency compared to the co-deposited OPV cells under a same composition [1]. We will also present by numerical simulation that adoption of microcavity structure in the planar heterojunction can improve the short circuit current in single and tandem OSCs [2]. Interface modifications also allowed us to achieve high efficiency and high stability OSCs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.379-379
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• 2010

Recent technical advances in OLEDs (organic light emitting devices) requires more and more the improvement in low operation voltage, long lifetime, and high luminance efficiency. Inverted top emission OLEDs (ITOLED) appeared to overcome these problems. This evolved to operate better luminance efficiency from conventional OLEDs. First, it has large open area so to be brighter than conventional OLEDs. Also easy integration is possible with Si-based driving circuits for active matrix OLED. But, a proper buffer layer for carrier injection is needed in order to get a good performance. The buffer layer protects underlying organic materials against destructive particles during the electrode deposition and improves their charge transport efficiency by reducing the charge injection barrier. Hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), a discoid organic molecule, has been used successfully in tandem OLEDs due to its high workfunction more than 6.1 eV. And it has the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level near to Fermi level. So it plays like a strong electron acceptor. In this experiment, we measured energy level alignment and hole current density on inverted OLED structures for hole injection. The normal film structure of Al/NPB/ITO showed bad characteristics while the HAT-CN insertion between Al and NPB greatly improved hole current density. The behavior can be explained by charge generation at the HAT-CN/NPB interface and gap state formation at Al/HAT-CN interface, respectively. This result indicates that a proper organic buffer layer can be successfully utilized to enhance hole injection efficiency even with low work function Al anode.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.307-311
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• 1999

Interfacial properties of electrode and organic thin layer is one of the most important factor in performing a Light Emitting Diodes(LED). Phthalocyanine copper was used as a buffer layer to improve interface characteristic, so that device efficiency was improved. In this study, LEDs were fabricated as like structures of Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) / N,N' -Diphenyl-N,N'-di(m-tolyl)-benzidine (TPD) / 8-Hydroxyquinoline aluminum(Alq) / Aluminum(Al) and Indium-Tin-Oxide(ITO) / N,N'-Diphenyl-N,N' -di(m-tolyl)-benzidine(TPD) / 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(PBD) / Aluminum(Al). In these devices, CuPC was layered at electrode/organic layer interface. As position is changing and thickness is changing, devices showed characteristic luminescence efficiency and luminescence inensity respectively. We showed in this study that luminescence efficiency was improved with CuPC layer in LEDs. The efficiency of device with layer CuPC is higher than that of 2 layer CuPC. However, the luminescence of 2 layer CuPC device got higher value.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.87-95
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• 2007

On this study, we researched differences between 2D and 3D with principle of GUI with the estimate that the user interface will be changed to 3D and we figured out the special feature of 3d-GUI through 3 ways, Autonomy, Interaction and Presence. Based on this theory research, we also had a survey with difference of 3d and 2d GUI to forecast the possibility of 3d-GUI for the main user interface of the future media contents and finally found out its marketability as an ideal interface.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.655-659
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to quantitatively incorporate user observation into usability evaluation of mobile interfaces using monitoring techniques in first- and third-person points of view. In this study, an experiment was conducted to monitor and record users' behavior using Ergoneers Dikablis, a gaze tracking device. The experiment was done with 2 mobile phones each with a button keypad interface and a touchscreen interface for comparative analysis. The subjects included 20 people who have similar experiences and proficiency in using mobile devices. Data from video recordings were coded with Noldus Observer XT to find usage patterns and to gather quantitative data for analysis in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Results showed that the button keypad interface was generally better than the touchcreen interface. The movements of the fingers and gaze were much simpler when performing given tasks on the button keypad interface. While previous studies have mostly evaluated usability with performance measures by only looking at task results, this study can be expected to contribute by suggesting a method in which the behavioral patterns of interaction is evaluated.