• Title/Summary/Keyword: interaction elements

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Dynamic response of a lined tunnel with transmitting boundaries

  • Fattah, Mohammed Y.;Hamoo, Mohammed J.;Dawood, Shatha H.
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.275-304
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this paper is to investigate the validity of transmitting boundaries in dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction problems. As a case study, the proposed Baghdad metro line is considered. The information about the dimensions and the material properties of the concrete tunnel and surrounding soil were obtained from a previous study. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of several parameters including the peak value of the horizontal component of earthquake displacement records and the frequency of the dynamic load. The computer program (Mod-MIXDYN) is used for the analysis. The numerical results are analyzed for three conditions; finite boundaries (traditional boundaries), infinite boundaries modelled by infinite elements (5-node mapped infinite element) presented by Selvadurai and Karpurapu, 1988), and infinite boundaries modelled by dashpot elements (viscous boundaries). It was found that the transmitting boundary absorbs most of the incident energy. The distinct reflections observed for the "fixed boundaries" disappear by using "transmitted boundaries". This is true for both cases of using viscous boundaries or mapped infinite elements. The type and location of the dynamic load represent two controlling factors in deciding the importance of using infinite boundaries. It was found that the results present significant differences when earthquake is applied as a base motion or a pressure load is applied at the surface ground. The peak value of the vertical displacement at nodes A, B, E and F (located at the tunnel's crown and side walls, and at the surface above the tunnel and at the surface 6.5 m away from tunnel's centre respectively) increases with the frequency of the surface pressure load for both cases 1 and 2 (traditional boundaries and mapped infinite elements respectively) while it decreases for case 3 (viscous boundaries). The modular ratio Ec/Es (modulus of elasticity of the concrete lining to that of the surrounding soil) has a considerable effect on the peak value of the horizontal displacement at node B (on the side wall of the tunnel lining) increase about (17.5) times, for the three cases (1, 2, and 3).

A Study of Metadata for Composite Electronic Records Archiving: With a Focus on Digital Components of E-Learning Contents (복합전자기록물 아카이빙을 위한 메타데이터에 관한 연구 - 이러닝 콘텐츠의 디지털 컴포넌트를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Inhyeok;Park, Heejin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.115-138
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    • 2017
  • Electronic record types are becoming diverse, and "composite electronic records," which are made up of various types of electronic records associated with functionality or user interaction that does not exist in current electronic document formats, are increasing. To ensure a continuous access to composite electronic records, metadata construction is a prerequisite for electronic records archiving. In this paper, we propose a metadata that can support archiving of composite electronic records associated with interactive functionality. The common elements were derived from an analysis of both domestic and international file format registry projects, and metadata elements related to functional requirements were identified from the analysis of the records on nursing education e-learning contents. We proposed the metadata elements for archiving composite electronic records, which consist of 25 high-level elements and 138 subelements.

Earthquake Response Analysis of Cylindrical Liquid-Storage Tanks Considering Nonlinear Fluid-Structure Soil Interactions (비선형 유체-구조물-지반 상호작용 고려한 원통형 액체저장탱크의 지진응답해석)

  • Jin Ho Lee;Jeong-Rae Cho
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.133-141
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    • 2024
  • Considering fluid-structure-soil interactions, a finite-element model for a liquid-storage tank is presented and the nonlinear earthquake response analysis is formulated. The tank structure is modeled considering shell elements with geometric and material nonlinearities. The fluid is represented by acoustic elements and combined with the structure using interface elements. To consider the soil-structure interactions, the near- and far-field regions of soil are modeled with solid elements and perfectly matched discrete layers, respectively. This approach is applied to the seismic fragility analysis of a 200,000 kL liquid-storage tank. The fragility curve is observed to be influenced by the amplification and filtering of rock outcrop motions at the site when the soil-structure interactions are considered.

Mother's perceptions and practices of Taegyo, Belief toward Korean Mother-Fetus Interaction (임부의 태교관련 지각, 태교관행 및 태교관점 모-태아상호작용 신념)

  • Han, Kyung-Ja;Kim, Jeong-Soo
    • Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.144-159
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore mother's perception and practice of Taegyo. In addition, belief factors toward Taegyo oriented Korean mother-fetus interaction are identified in order to obtain baseline data for the development of Taegyo oriented program enhancing mother-fetus interaction. Method: The sample consisted to 186 pregnant women who visited public health center or hospital for prenatal care. Self-reporting questionnaire devised by investigator was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS win program and contents analysis was used. Result: Although mothers intended to a pregnancy, many of them were perceived negatively toward pregnancy. The study revealed that most of pregnant women continued cultural practices related to Taegyo, they focused on mother-fetus interaction behavior-such as listen to the music, reading a book, talk to fetus, stroke the fetus- with being altered traditional beliefs toward Taegyo or Taemong. Most of pregnant women had Taemong and believed a it's predictive functions. Beliefs toward mother-fetus interaction were classified to 6 factors, pregnancy, Taemong. fetus, practice behavior, infant's abilities and mother-fetus interaction behavior. The scores of belief toward mother-fetus interaction and each factors of pregnancy, fetus, practice behavior, infant's ability were statistically significant different depending upon husbands education. Also pregnancy factor in belief toward mother-fetus interaction was statistically significant different depending upon the number of children, child birth, experience of abortion, premature birth. Conclusion: Developing Taegyo oriented program enhancing the mother-fetus interaction need to include the elements of being facilitated maternal identity formation and maternal confidence for the pregnant women. In addition, it should be developed the program concerning with the characteristics of the pregnant women.

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A Long-Range Touch Interface for Interaction with Smart TVs

  • Lee, Jaeyeon;Kim, DoHyung;Kim, Jaehong;Cho, Jae-Il;Sohn, Joochan
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.932-941
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    • 2012
  • A powerful interaction mechanism is one of the key elements for the success of smart TVs, which demand far more complex interactions than traditional TVs. This paper proposes a novel interface based on the famous touch interaction model but utilizes long-range bare hand tracking to emulate touch actions. To satisfy the essential requirements of high accuracy and immediate response, the proposed hand tracking algorithm adopts a fast color-based tracker but with modifications to avoid the problems inherent to those algorithms. By using online modeling and motion information, the sensitivity to the environment can be greatly decreased. Furthermore, several ideas to solve the problems often encountered by users interacting with smart TVs are proposed, resulting in a very robust hand tracking algorithm that works superbly, even for users with sleeveless clothing. In addition, the proposed algorithm runs at a very high speed of 82.73 Hz. The proposed interface is confirmed to comfortably support most touch operations, such as clicks, swipes, and drags, at a distance of three meters, which makes the proposed interface a good candidate for interaction with smart TVs.

Partial interaction analysis of multi-component members within the GBT

  • Ferrarotti, Alberto;Ranzi, Gianluca;Taig, Gerard;Piccardo, Giuseppe
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.625-638
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents a novel approach that describes the first-order (linear elastic) partial interaction analysis of members formed by multi-components based on the Generalised Beam Theory (GBT). The novelty relies on its ability to accurately model the partial interaction between the different components forming the cross-section in both longitudinal and transverse directions as well as to consider the cross-sectional deformability. The GBT deformations modes, that consist of the conventional, extensional and shear modes, are determined from the dynamic analyses of the cross-section represented by a planar frame. The partial interaction is specified at each connection interface between two adjacent elements by means of a shear deformable spring distributed along the length of the member. The ease of use of the model is outlined by an application performed on a multi-component member subjected to an eccentric load. The values calculated with an ABAQUS finite element model are used to validate the proposed method. The results of the numerical applications outline the influence of specifying different rigidities for the interface shear connection and in using different order of polynomials for the shape functions specified in the finite element cross-section analysis.

Risk Management interaction model for Process of Information Security Governance (정보보호 거버넌스 프로세스를 위한 위험관리 상호작용 모델)

  • Song, You-Jin
    • KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2012
  • Recently, IT Governance has been applied to business management environment. In this paper, we study business model that can minimize information security risk using IT governance in cloud computing environment. Especially, we propose the interaction model that link risk management for subject of information security governance. In our model, synergy means the effective, strategic and secure business support. And interaction analysis of BMIS's 4 elements and 6 dynamic interconnections is required. Therefore we propose interaction model which can link risk management based on COSO ERM or COBIT Risk IT Framework.

Structure-soil-structure interaction in a group of buildings using 3D nonlinear analyses

  • Sharifi, Behroozeh;Nouri, Gholamreza;Ghanbari, Ali
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.667-675
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    • 2020
  • The current study compares the effect of structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) on the dynamic responses of adjacent buildings and isolated structures including soil-structure interaction (SSI) with the responses of fixed-base structures. Structural responses such as the relative acceleration, displacement, drift and shear force were considered under earthquake ground motion excitation. For this purpose, 5-, 10- and 15-story structures with 2-bay moment resisting frames resting on shallow foundations were modeled as a group of buildings in soft soil media. Viscous lateral boundaries and interface elements were applied to the soil model to simulate semi-infinite soil media, frictional contact and probable slip under seismic excitation. The direct method was employed for fully nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis in OpenSees using 3D finite element soil-structure models with different building positions. The results showed that the responses of the grouped structures were strongly influenced by the adjacent structures. The responses were as much as 4 times greater for drift and 2.3 times greater for shear force than the responses of fixed-base models.

Measuring the Interaction Effects of Foodservice Qaulity, Value, and Satisfaction on Behavioral Intention of Customers in Tourist Restaurant (관광지 식당 고객의 행동의도에 대한 음식서비스 질, 가치와 만족의 상호작용효과 평가)

  • Ko, Beom-Seok;Kang, Jong-Heon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of value and satisfaction moderating the relationship between foodservice quality and behavioral intention. A total of 273 questionnaires were completed. Moderated regression analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. Results of the study demonstrated that the analysis result for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The main effects of foodservice quality, value, and satisfaction on behavioral intention were statistically significant. The interaction effect of quality and satisfaction on behavioral intention was not statistically significant. The interaction effect of value and satisfaction on behavioral intention was not statistically significant. As expected, the interaction effect of quality and value on behavioral intention was statistically significant. Moreover, foodservice quality on behavioral intention was statistically significant at all levels of value and satisfaction, except for when value level was low, and satisfaction level was high. The results of this study indicated that restaurant marketers should attach importance to the interaction effect of service quality and customer value to understand the elements of market demand and customer loyalty.

Lower Limb EMG-Based Virtual Reality Interface for Enhanced VR Interaction

  • Gyounghyun Kim;Heejun Youn;Seunghyun Lee;Soonchul Kwon
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.432-441
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    • 2024
  • One of the key elements for maximizing user immersion in virtual reality (VR) is the development of intuitive and sensory interaction methods. While physical devices such as controllers in existing VR equipment are used to control the user's movement intentions, their drawback is that they cannot reflect detailed muscle strength. In this study, we designed a novel interaction method that increases user immersion by reflecting the activity of leg muscles in the VR environment, moving away from the traditional hand-centered control method. In the experiment, surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles in six participants. Within the VR program, various virtual objects were implemented that responded to the movement and strength of the lower limbs, allowing for a detailed reflection of the user's lower limb movements in the VR environment. The results showed that the interaction method using lower limb muscle activity demonstrated higher user immersion and satisfaction compared to the conventional controller-based method. Additionally, participants reported feeling as if they were using their entire body, greatly enhancing the sense of realism in the VR experience. This study presents a new interaction paradigm utilizing lower limb movements in VR technology and demonstrates its potential for application in various fields such as VR games, rehabilitation training, and sports simulation.