• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5605-5611
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• 2012

Background: In the last two decades, pioneering research on anti-tumour activity of saffron has shed light on the role of crocetin, picrocrocin and safranal, as broad spectrum anti-neoplastic agents. However, the exact mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Identification and characterization of the targets of bioactive constituents will play an imperative role in demystifying the complex anti-neoplastic machinery. Methods: In the quest of potential target identification, a dual virtual screening approach utilizing two inverse screening systems, one predicated on idTarget and the other on PharmMapper was here employed. A set of target proteins associated with multiple forms of cancer and ranked by Fit Score and Binding energy were obtained from the two independent inverse screening platforms. The validity of the results was checked by meticulously analyzing the post-docking binding pose of the picrocrocin with Hsp90 alpha in AutoDock. Results: The docking pose reveals that electrostatic and hydrogen bonds play the key role in inter-molecular interactions in ligand binding. Picrocrocin binds to the Hsp90 alpha with a definite orientation appropriate for nucleophilic attacks by several electrical residues inside the Hsp90-alpha ATPase catalytic site. Conclusion: This study reveals functional information about the anti-tumor mechanism of saffron bioactive constituents. Also, a tractable set of anti-neoplastic targets for saffron has been generated in this study which can be further authenticated by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.4 s.119
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• pp.351-357
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a new cooperative signaling structure based on CDMA to overcome both 2/3 spectrum efficiency and low diversity gain of conventional cooperative signaling through continuous overlapping of signal that each user wants to transmit. Proposed signal structure can achieve the spectrum efficiency nearly "1" by receiving additional data for next time as well as maximum diversity gain to detect data continuously at both base station and each user. The orthogonality of CDMA's spreading codes can improve performance of optimal detector by reducing inter-user channel environment and distinguishing each user. We perform the computer simulation to verify the proposed system through comparing cooperative mode and non-cooperative mode under Rayleigh fading channel plus AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise).

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.1009-1018
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• 2015

In video coding, the first frame of a GOP is encoded in intra mode which generates a larger number of bits. In addition, the first frame is used for the inter mode encoding of the following frames. Thus the intial QP for the first frame encoding affects the first frame as well as the following frames. To determine the initial QP that maximizes the PSNR of a GOP, several algorithms which uses the ratio of the PSNR of the I frame and the PSNR of P frames of a GOP have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a new traffic model that can be used to determine the optimal initial QP simply and exactly in algorithms that use the PSNR ratio. We first analyze the characteristics of the PSNR ratio of I and P frames and the PSNR of a GOP, and then propose a new traffic model which can represent the characteristics and determine the optimal intial QP. It is shown by experimental results that the initial QP determination method with the proposed model can predict an optimal initial QP whose difference from the optimal value is less than 2. The proposed scheme can also generate the PSNR performance better than that of the existing JVT algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2014

The first frame of a GOP is encoded in intra mode which generates a larger number of bits. In addition, the first frame is used for the inter mode encoding of the following frames. Thus the encoding results of the intra frame affects the first frame as well as the following frames. Traditionally, the quantization parameter for an intra frame is determined only depending on the bpp not considering the characteristics of the intra frame. For accurate intra frame encoding, we should consider not only bpp but also the complexity of the video sequence and the output bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a real-time quantization model which is used to calculate the quantization parameter for an intra frame encoding based on the investigation on the characteristics of a GOP. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed quantization model captures the characteristics of an intra frame effectively and the proposed method for model parameters accurately estimates the real values.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.109-113
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• 2017

Single analytical procedure including extraction, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometric analysis was evaluated for the simultaneous measurement of lysophospholipids (LPLs). LPLs, particularly, lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are lipid messengers ubiquitously found in various biological matrix. The molecular species mediate important physiological roles in association with many diseases (e.g. cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disease), which emphasize the significance of the simple and reliable analytical method for biomarker discovery and molecular mechanistic understanding. Thus, we developed analytical method mainly focusing on, but not limited by those lipid species S1P and LPA using reverse phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS-MS). Extraction method was modified based on Folch method with optimally minimal level of ionization additive (ammonium formate 10 mM and formic acid). Reverse-phase liquid-chromatography was applied for chromatographical separation in combination with negative ionization mode electrospray-coupled Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The method validation was performed on human blood plasma in a non-targeted lipid profiling manner with full-scan MS mode and data-dependent MS/MS. The proposed method presented good inter-assay precision for primary targets, S1P and LPA. Subsequent analysis of other types of LPLs identified a broad range of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and lysophosphatidyl-ethanolamines (LPEs).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1947-1954
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• 2012

The first frame is encoded in intra mode which generates a larger number of bits. In addition, the first frame is used for the inter mode encoding of the following frames. Thus the initial QP for the first frame affects the first frame as well as the following frames. Traditionally, the initial QP is determined among four constant values only depending on the bpp. In the case of low bit rate video coding, the initial QP value is fixed to 40 regardless of the output bandwidth. Although this initialization scheme is simple, yet it is not accurate enough. An accurate initial QP prediction scheme should not only depends on bpp but also on the complexity of the video sequence and the output bandwidth. In the proposed scheme, we determine the initial QP according to the ratio of the first frame to the total bits allocated to a GOP. To estimate the QP of the allocated bits, Rate-QP model is used. It is shown by experimental results that the new algorithm can predict the optimal initial QP more accurately and generate the PSNR performance better than that of the existing JVT algorithm.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.405-414
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• 2014

High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC) obtains high compression ratio by applying recursive quad-tree structured coding unit(CU). However, this recursive quad-tree structure brings very high computational complexity to HEVC encoder. In this paper, we present fast CU decision algorithm in recursive quad-tree structure. The proposed algorithm estimates initial CU size before CTU encoding and checks the proposed condition using Coded Block Flag(CBF) and Rate-distortion cost to achieve the fast encoding time saving. And, intra mode estimation is also possible to be skipped using the CBF values acquired during the inter PU mode estimations. Experiment results shows that the proposed algorithm saved about 49.91% and 37.97% of encoding time according to the weighting condition.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The amount of digitalized contents has been rapidly increased, but the main distribution channel of them is Internet which is easily accessible. Therefore 'security' necessarily arises as one of the most important issues and the method of protecting contents becomes a major research topic as much as data coding techniques. In recent years, many developers have studied on techniques that allow only authorized person to access contents. Among them the scrambling method is one of well-known security techniques. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective digital video scrambling method which utilizes the intra block properties of a recent video coding technique, H.264. Since intra prediction modes are adopted in H.264 standard, it is easy to scramble a video sequence with modification of the intra prediction modes. In addition to its simplicity, the proposed method does not increase bit rate after scrambling. The inter blocks are also distorted by scrambling intra blocks only. This paper introduces a new digital video scrambling method and verifies its effectiveness through simulation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.487-502
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• 2014

In buildings structures, the flexural stiffness reduction of beams and columns due to concrete cracking plays an important role in the nonlinear load-deformation response of reinforced concrete structures under service loads. Most Seismic Design Codes do not precise effective stiffness to be used in seismic analysis for structures of reinforced concrete elements, therefore uncracked section properties are usually considered in computing structural stiffness. But, uncracked stiffness will never be fully recovered during or after seismic response. In the present study, the effect of concrete cracking on the lateral response of structure has been taken into account. Totally 120 cases of 3 Dimensional Dynamic Analysis which considers the real and accidental torsional effects are performed using ETABS to determine the effective structural system across the height, which ensures the performance and the economic dimensions that achieve the saving in concrete and steel amounts thus achieve lower cost. The result findings exhibits that the dual system was the most efficient lateral load resisting system based on deflection criterion, as they yielded the least values of lateral displacements and inter-storey drifts. The shear wall system was the most economical lateral load resisting compared to moment resisting frame and dual system but they yielded the large values of lateral displacements in top storeys. Wall systems executes tremendous stiffness at the lower levels of the building, while moment frames typically restrain considerable deformations and provide significant energy dissipation under inelastic deformations at the upper levels. Cracking found to be more impact over moment resisting frames compared to the Shear wall systems. The behavior of various lateral load resisting systems with respect to time period, mode shapes, storey drift etc. are discussed in detail.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.702-721
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• 2012

In the DVB-T2 system with a multiple-input single-output (MISO) transmission mode, Alamouti coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals are transmitted simultaneously from two spatially separated transmitters in a single frequency network (SFN). In such systems, each transmit-receive link may have a distinct carrier frequency offset (CFO) due to the Doppler shift and/or frequency mismatch between the local oscillators. Thus, the received signal experiences dual CFOs. This not only causes dual phase errors in desired data but also introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI), which cannot be removed completely by simply performing a CFO compensation. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes an iterative detection with dual phase errors compensation technique. In addition, we propose a successive-iterative ICI cancellation technique. This technique successively eliminates ICI in the initial iteration by exploiting pre-detected data pairs. Then, in subsequent iterations, it performs a fine interference cancellation using a priori information, iteratively fed back from the channel decoder. In contrast to previous works, the proposed techniques do not require estimates of dual CFOs. Their performances are evaluated via a full DVB-T2 simulator. Simulation results show that the DVB-T2 receiver equipped with the proposed dual phase errors compensation and the successive-iterative ICI cancellation techniques achieves almost the same performance as ideal dual CFOs-free systems, even for large dual CFOs.