• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.247-256
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to compare the impact of intellectual quotient and social intelligence on compliance with the administrative regulatory policies. This study found two things. The first one is the correlation between intellectual quotient and social intelligence is not so high. No matter how high is his or her intellectual quotient may be, it cannot be said that his or her social intelligence will be high in proportion to IQ. The second one is the influence of social intelligence on administrative regulatory policies is bigger than that of intellectual quotient. So to execute a policy efficiently, we cannot succeed without consideration to the factors of social intelligence. The result of analysis implies that policy authorities and the concerned citizens should try to get the social intelligence factors involved in all processes of administrative regulatory policies such as agenda setting, decision, implementation, evaluation and feedback.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.34-47
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which used acupuncture for the treatment of intellectual disability in China, and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Methods The RCTs published from January 2017 to July 2021 were searched using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Then, those were analyzed by acupuncture treatment methods used and their results. Results A total of 18 randomized controlled trials were selected and analyzed. Most studies showed significantly higher Intelligence Quotient, Development Quotient, and a total effective rate in an acupuncture treatment group than those of the control group. The most used acupoints were EX-HN1 followed by Niesanzhen, Naosanzhen, Zhisanzhen, Shouzhizhen, GV20. Conclusions Based on the results of the analyzed randomized controlled trials, an acupuncture treatment has shown to be effective in the treatment of intellectual disability. However, additional well designed clinical trials are needed to solidify these findings.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 2020

In epilepsy-aphasia spectrum (EAS) disorders, mutations in the glutamate receptor ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) have become important for screening the disease. Research into the phenotypic variability of several types of neurologic impairment involving these mutations is in progress. However, the non-neurological problems related to these mutations are poorly understood. EAS disorders usually have epileptic, cognitive, or behavioral manifestations. In this case report, we present a female patient with epilepsy, delay in expressive language and social development, and intellectual disability with low intelligence quotient and memory quotient, but normal motor development. Through genetic analysis, she was found to have a missense and a nonsense mutation in GRIN2A (c.1770A>C; p.Lys509Asn and c.3187G>T; p.Glu1063∗, respectively) and we consider the nonsense mutation as 'pathogenic variant'. She was also discovered to have congenital hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency and Rathke's cleft cyst in the brain, which were previously unknown features of GRIN2A mutation. Our findings should widen understanding of the spectrum of GRIN2A phenotypes, and emphasize the need for more research into the association between GRIN2A mutations and non-neurologic clinical presentations.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.363-369
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examines changes in developmental profiles of children with language delay over time and the clinical significance of assessment conducted at age 2-3 years. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 children (62 male, 8 female), who had visited the hospital because of delayed language development at 2-3 years, and were reassessed at ages 5-6. Language and cognitive abilities were assessed using multiple scales at the initial and follow-up visits. Results: At the initial test, 62 of the 70 children had mental development index (MDI) below 70 of Bayley Scales of Infant Development Test II. Of the 62 children in the follow-up assessment, 30 children (48.4%) remained within the same cognitive range (full-scale intelligence quotient, FSIQ<70 of Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence), 12 had borderline intellectual functioning (FSIQ, 70-85), 6 improved to average intellectual functioning (FSIQ>85), and 5 had specific language impairment, 9 had autism spectrum disorders. At the initial test, 38 of the 70 children had cognitive developmental quotients (C-DQ) below 70. Of the 38 children in the follow-up assessment, 23 children (60.5%) remained within the same cognitive range (FSIQ<70). The correlation coefficient for MDI and FSIQ was 0.530 (P<0.0001) and that for C-DQ and FSIQ was 0.727 (P<0.0001). There was a strong correlation between C-DQ and FSIQ, and a moderate correlation between MDI and FSIQ. Conclusion: Low MDI scores reflect a specific delay in cognitive abilities, communication skills, or both. The C-DQ, receptive language development quotient, and social maturity quotient also help to distinguish between children with isolated language delay and children with cooccurring cognitive impairment. Moreover, changes in the developmental profile during preschool years are not unusual in children with language delay. Follow-up reassessments prior to the start of school are required for a more accurate diagnosis and intervention.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

Objective : The objective of this study is to investigate the intellectual characteristics of the specific language impairment(SLI) and the borderline intelligence-language disorder (BI-LD). Method : 30 Children participated in this study, IS children with SLI(K-WISC-ill FIQ above 85, Test of Problem Solving score below -1.25SD, verbal comprehension factor index of K-WISC III below 80), 14 children with BI-LD(K-WISC-ill FIQ $70^{\sim}85$, Test of Problem Solving score below -1.25SD, verbal comprehension factor index of K-WISC III below 80). All students were evaluated with K-WISC III, Test of Problem Solving. full-scale IQ (FSIQ), \ verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), Verbal Comprehension Index, and Test of Problem Solving score were compared between two groups. Result : All subtests scores of PIQ in the SLI were significantly higher than those in the BI-LD. there was no significant difference in the subtests scores of VIQ. In the VIQ subtests, Information, Arithmetic, Comprehension score were higher in the SLI compared to the BI-LD, but the score of Similarities and Vocabulary were similar between two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that inspite of the difference of PIQ, SLI and BI-LD have similar language abilities, and there are some different intellectual characteristics between SLI and BI-LD

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.713-722
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• 2023

This study was conducted to examine the effects of care farming activities on the brain waves of adults with developmental disabilities from September 2022 to December 2022, with a total of 16 sessions held once a week. For 28 adults with developmental disabilities, 15 participants in the care farm program and 13 participants who did not participate were used as the control group. Before and after the care farming activities, participants' self-esteem, happiness levels, and brain function indices were measured through surveys and electroencephalography (EEG). Consequently, the self-esteem of the participants in the experimental group significantly increased after the activity, and as for the brain function index, the left brain activity index related to stress, attention, brain function, and emotional state increased compared to the control group in the experimental group of adults with developmental disabilities, especially intellectual disabilities. Notably, the effect of care farming activities was greater for women than for men with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, considering the differential effects of care farming activities based on the type of developmental disability and sex, it is deemed advantageous to primarily apply these activities to women with intellectual disabilities in order to maximize the healing effect of care farming.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2013

To develop the Korean-Version-Improvement program for ordinary people, we investigate how Korean-High-Intelligent people use their cognitive function, intellectual capacity and Intelligent Quotient test. Using Mensa iq test, we classify intelligent examination tool into various components; visual, geometrical component and cognitive interpretation component. Also we organized each component, got database of intelligent subjects sample, classified itemized availability. Based on these things, we prove efficiency of intelligent examination tool. We found out that high intelligent people showed high Intelligent Index using visual cognitive stimulation with cognitive function when subjects were exposed to certain situation; solving the problem. This intelligent examination tool is low price and safe and easily carrying out with personal computer. If we develop intelligence quotient examination customized with mental retardation populations, a variety of subjects will improve their cognition with efficiency and inexpensively.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the intellectual and psychological features of children with Moyamoya disease who were patients in the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of Severance Hospital. Methods: From December 2010 through December 2012, 63 patients with diagnoses of Moyamoya disease and 59 children in a normal group were enrolled. This study was conducted using the Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Rey-Kim Memory Test for children, Korean Child Behavior Checklist and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory$^{TM}$4.0. Results: The results showed that the intellectual and psychological profiles of children with Moyamoya disease were lower than the average of the normal control group. The tested patients showed significantly lower scores for Performance Intelligence Quotient cognition level. Also, in terms of quality of life, children with Moyamoya disease had lower levels of physical and school functionality. The results were in line with those of previous studies involving psychological tests of children with chronic diseases. Conclusion: Considering the intellectual and psychological characteristics of children with Moyamoya disease, integrated psychological intervention plans including elements such as supportive therapy for patients and programs for parental education are required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis of effectiveness between cognitive function assessment scores and gaming cognitive rehabilitation system in children with intellectual impairment. Methods: Five children (male=5, $age=10.00{\pm}0.80$) with intellectual impairment participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the experiment that played (received) gaming cognitive rehabilitation system (Neuroworld). The children were applied 2 times a week for 30 minutes during 3 months. The children were assessed K-WSIC-VI (Korean-Wechsler intelligence scale for children-fourth edition) and recorded that gained score in gaming cognitive rehabilitation system before and after intervention. K-WSIC-VI contained five primary index scores: verbal comprehension index, visual spatial index, fluid reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. Gaming cognitive rehabilitation system scoring was composed visual recall, target recall, sequence recall, selective attention, continuous attention, and exploration. Results: In the intelligence quotient (IQ) of K-WSIC-VI, there were significant increased in all children. The visual recall item was highest effective in all children. However, sequential recall showed the lowest improvement in all children. The performance speed of selective attention item was decreased, this means that children's skills have improved. Also, their ability to explore has improved significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, gaming cognitive rehabilitation system was significant effectiveness in cognitive function in some categories for children with intellectual impairment. However, the visual recall and performance speed don't represent of all cognitive function. Therefore, further studies will need to verify by applying more subject and longer duration.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.10-13
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• 2019

A 10-year and 5 month-old girl with developmental delay, intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, poor weight gain, and microcephaly was transferred to our pediatric clinic for genetic evaluation. Her height was within the 5-10th percentile, and her weight was under the 3rd percentile. On the social maturity scale, her developmental status was scored as 3 years 9 months for social age, and the social quotient was 35.98. A chromosomal microarray analysis was performed and the microduplication at chromosome 16p was observed: arr[GRCh37] 16p11.2 (29580020_30190029)${\times}3$. Currently, the patient is diagnosed with Grade 2 intellectual disability and is attending a computerized cognitive rehabilitation class twice weekly. In addition, nutritional support and growth follow up are also ensured in the Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Endocrinology clinic.