• 한국광물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

폐석면 광산의 위해성 평가는 통상 ABS 방식에 의해 이루어지지만, 조사지역 전반에 관한 위해성 경향을 파악하는 데 그치는 한계를 지닌다. 이 연구에서는 새로운 평가방식으로 잠재적 위해지수(PIHR)라는 개념을 도입하여 석면 위해도를 계랑화하였다. PIHR 값에 대해 석면이 인체에 위해를 주는 요인들을 고려하여 적절한 가중치를 부여한 후, 토양 내 석면 농도 값을 적용하여 지리정보시스템(GIS)의 적지선정기법을 활용하여 위해성 평가를 실시하였다. 충청남도 보령시에 위치한 어느 폐석면 광산에 적용한 결과, 잠재적 위해 지수가 매우 높은 지역은 전체 면적의 7.8%에 해당되는 27.3 ha이며, 위해성 평가는 미국 환경보호청의 종합위해정보시스템(IRIS) 모델을 적용하여 각각 만 명당 1명(석면농도 0.36% 이상), 3만 명당 1명(석면농도 0.1% 이상), 10만 명당 1명(석면농도 0.04% 이상) 평생초과 발암 위험도 기준으로 관리할 경우 3.0, 12.9, 19.5 ha로 면적이 증가한다. 이러한 결과는 향후 광해 복원범위 선정에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.248-257
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 배출량산정모델과 다중매질모델을 활용하여 환경오염물질의 노출도를 예측하였으며 위해도를 평가하였다. 연구대상 화학물질로써 8종(아세트알데히드(acetaldehyde), 아크릴로니트릴(acrylonitrile), 아닐린(aniline), 벤젠(benzene), 사염화탄소(carbon tetrachloride), 디클로로메탄(dichloromethane), 포름알데히드(formaldehyde), 염화비닐(vinyl chloride))의 물질을 선택하였으며, 대상지역은 공단지역을 포함하는 도심 지역을 선택하였다. 배출량은 지리지형정보를 활용하여 점배출원과 비점배출원을 동시에 고려하여 산정하였으며, 다중매질모델은 지역적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 모델을 선택하였다. 유해성 자료는 미국 환경청의 IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System) 유해성 데이터베이스를 활용하였다. 모델링 자료와 유해성 자료를 이용하여 위해성을 평가한 결과, 물질별로 위해도가 높은 지역을 발견할 수 있었으며 우선적으로 관리해야 할 물질을 선별할 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 1994

This study was conducted to assess the health risk of carcinogenic heavy metals such as arsenic, nickel, chromium and cadmium Ambient concentrations of these metals were measured bimonthly, during May 1987 to March 1988. Respirable Particle concentrations of As, Ni, Cr, Cd in traffic area(Shinchon) were 16ng/㎥, 43ng/㎥, 4.2ng/㎥, 6.6ng/㎥, respectively, and in residential area(Bulkwang) were 25ng/㎥, 32ng/㎥, 4.7ng/㎥, 8.9ng/㎥, respectively. Carcinogenic risk of each metal was calculated by multiplication of ambient concentration and unit risk of the metal which was referred to recent version of Integrated Risk Information System(IRIS). Sum of the risk from these for metals was 9.8$\times$10$^{-5}$ as individual risk in traffic area and 13.9$\times$10$^{-5}$ in residential area.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

PCBs are classified as B2 (Probable human carcinogen) based on the induction of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats and mice from IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System). About 20 years ago, PCBs were phased out for electrical use in Korea, but PCBs were continuously used in the other field. Lately, there has been increasing concern on possible effects of contaminated soil to the other environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to determine PCBs level in soil at some site and to assess the human exposure doses according to exposure routes for people living within sites which expected to be exposed to PCBs. Pollution level of PCBs on the site was monitored using gas liquid chromatography. To assess the transport of PCBs in soil to plant and to air, various transfer factors(diffusion coefficient, bioconcentration factor etc.) were considered in simple calculations. To calculate the residential exposure doses by routes, some equations were considered using assumption value, which define inhalation, ingestion (soil, plant) and derreal uptake pathway. Computated results will be used as risk assessment information for human health evaluation on contaminated soil.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the asbestos exposure levels and to calculate excess lifetime cacer risks(ELCRs) in asbestos-containing buildings for maintenance and management. The range of airborne asbestos concentration of 33 buildings was 0.0018 ~ 0.0126 f/cc and one site exceeded indoor air-quality recommended limit 0.01 f/cc. And ELCRs based on US EPA IRIS(Integrated risk information system) model are 1.5E-06 ~ 3.9E-05 levels, and there was no site showed 1.0E-04 (one person per million) level or more, and 11 sites showed 1.0E-05 (one person per 100,000 people) level or more. To prevent the release of asbestos fibers, it needs operation and maintenance of asbestos-containing building materials, and there are some methods such as removal, repairment, enclosure and encapsulation. In conclusion, a risk-based air action level for asbestos in air is an appropriate metric for asbestos-containing building management.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to propose a method using population risk to assess the local background exposure effect of harmful pollutants from chemical accidents in Ulsan. Methods: The benzene was selected as representative harmful pollutant. The concentrations of benzene were measured and analyzed at 40 sites in Ulsan city in September, 2018. The data from National Statistics office in Korea were used for population density, and the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) data from US EPA were used for unit risk. Results: The risk assessment can be carried out by considering the background population risk. The background population risk was calculated as 5.01 persons per million for exposure to benzene in Ulsan, and therefore may be used as a adjusted background method in case of chemical accident caused by benzene. Conclusions: This study may provide the evidence that background exposure effect and risk to harmful pollutants from chemical accidents would be useful.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2014

Objectives: Perchloroethylene (PCE) is a volatile chemical widely used as a solvent in the dry-cleaning and textile processing industries. It was evaluated as Group 2 "probably carcinogenic to humans" by the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 2012. In order to provide a scientific basis for establishing risk management measures for chemicals on the national priority substances list, aggregate risk assessment was conducted for PCE, included in the top-10 substances. Methods: We conducted the investigation and monitoring of PCE exposure (e.g., exposure scenario, detection levels, and exposure factors, etc.) and assessed its multi-media (e.g., outdoor air, indoor air, and ground water) exposure risk with a deterministic and probabilistic approach. Results: In human risk assessment (HRA), the level of human exposure was higher in the younger age group. The exposure level through inhalation at home was the highest among the exposure routes. Outdoor air or uptake of drinking water represented less than 1% of total contributions to PCE exposure. These findings suggested that the level of risk was negligible since the Hazard Index (HI) induced by HRA was below one among all age groups, with a maximum HI value of 0.17 when reasonable maximum exposure was applied. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was suggested that despite low exposure risk, further studies are needed considering main sources, including occupational exposure.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1579-1587
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the asbestos exposure levels and to calculate excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for the risk assessment of the asbestos fibers released from asbestos-cement slate roofing (ASR) building. Total number of ASR buildings was into 21,267 in Busan, and 82.03 percent of the buildings was residential houses, and 43.61 percent of the buildings was constructed in 1970s. For this study, ten buildings were selected randomly among the ASR buildings. The range of airborne asbestos concentration in the selected ten ASR buildings was from 0.0016 to 0.0067 f/mL, and the concentration around no-admitted ASR buildings was higher than that around admitted buildings. The ELCR based on US EPA IRIS (integrated risk information system) model is within 3.5E-05 ~ 1.5E-04 levels, and the ELCR of no-admitted ASR buildings was higher than 1.0E-04 (one person per million) level that is considered a more aggressive approach to mitigate risk. These results indicate that the cancer risk from ASR buildings is higher than other buildings, and systematic public management is required for control of no-admitted ASR buildings within near future.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.927-937
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify and quantify the asbestos fibers released from two types of asbestos-cement slate roofs. One is a plant roof installed in 1987 which contained 15% chrysotile, and the other is a residential roof installed before 1983 which contained 12% chrysotile. The concentrations of asbestos fibers in air surrounding asbestos-cement slate roofs and in the falling water harvested from the same roofs on rainy days ranged from 0.0012 to 0.0018 f/mL and from 1,764 f/L to 10,584 f/L, respectively. The concentration of inorganic fibers in the soil around asbestos-cement slate roofs was from 217 to 348 f/g. With the above results, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for the risk assessment of the asbestos fibers released from asbestos-cement slate based on US EPA IRIS (Integrated risk information system) model is within 5.5E-06 ~ 6.5E-06 levels which indicates that the levels do not exceed "the acceptable risk(1.0E-05)" recommended by WHO. The asbestos concentration in air, drained rainfall and soil around the plant slate roof was higher than that around residential slate roof, but the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) from residential slate was higher than that from plant slate. This suggested that the enclose and encapsulation of residential roofs have priority in removal policy to minimize the exposure risk.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.530-539
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• 1997

This study was conducted to assess the health risk on the volatile organic compounds such as toluene, xylene, and styrene in painting workplace. It was monitored through personal air sampling during working time in selected 5 workplaces and analysed using gas chromatography. For the settlement of exposure situation, there were regarded working conditions such as working hours, yearly working days, and working years. Also, Monte-Carlo simulation was used for the induction of hazard index using toxicity value from IRIS(Integrated risk information system) database. The results of risk assessment were summarized as follows. 1. The air concentration of toluene was $7.096{\pm}15,644ppm,\;2.586{\pm}4.275ppm\;for\;xylene,\;1.914{\pm}5.320ppm$ for styrene in blast painting workplaces. The level of toluene was different significantly compared with the level of xylene and styrene. 2. Computated chronic daily intake values of 95th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 9.616, 3.567, 2.782 mg/kg/day, respectively. 3. Computated hazard index values of 75th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 3.5, 1.0 and 1.6, respectively. Adverse health effects on the toluene, xylene and styrene would be expected by working exposure in selected 5 workplaces since the hazard indices of three compounds were exceeded 1 in the surroundings of 75th percentile though having the low emerged frequency.