• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.143-155
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare dietary intake and quality obtained by food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) and 24-hour recall method among 1249 Korean adults living in rural area. The survey was conducted twice; first with 65-items FFQ by interview and then with 24-hour recall method two years later. Nutrients intake estimated from two dietary methods showed significant difference. For nutrients except fat and iron, average intake value estimated from the FFQ were significantly higher than that from the 24-hour recall method(p<0.001). Ranking of the subjects by nutrient intake levels obtained by two methods were significantly correlated, but correlation coefficients were low. Percentage of subjects in the lowest or in the highest quintile by 24-hour recalls who belong to the nearest two categories by FFQ ranged from 45% to 61%, while the percentage falling into the opposite category ranged from 7% to 15%. Subjects' percentile rank of nutrient intake by 24-hour recall correlated with their average rank of nutrient intake by FFQ. Information on food groups by two method were not comparable because of the limited number of food items in FFQ. For most nutrients, RDA% or NAR from FFQ were higher than those from 24-hour recall, but INQ from 24-hour recall were higher than those from FFQ. From the results, results of 24-hour recall method seems to be useful in classifying subjects according to their nutrient intake if sample size is large enough.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.882-889
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine contribution of specific foods to absolute intake and between-person variation in nutrients consumed by 2037 adults living in Korean rural area using one day 24-hour recall method. To measure contribution of food to absolute nutrient intake, all foods consumed were ranked by percentages calculated as the sum of the nutrient intake contributed by a given food divided by the total nutrient intake from al categories. To assess between-person variability in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used with total nutrient intake from al foods as the dependent variable and the nutrient amount from each of all foods as independent variables. The kind and the number of foods necessary to account for the variation in nutrient intake among persons varied significantly depending on the nutrient. The nutrients contributing more than 80% of total intake with a few number of food items were ${\beta}$-carotene(ll), vitamin C(15) and vitamin A(16). Foods sometimes overlooked as important sources were found in some instances to be quantitatively important to population intake. Even though rice and Korean cabbage kimchi do not contain much nutrients in quantity, they made a major contribution to most nutrient intake of subjects because of large serving size and high frequency of intake. The food items and contributing order for between person variance was different from those of absolute intake. A large fraction of the variability of nutrient intake in this population was explained by a small number of foods. Fewer foods were required to explain a given proportion of the between-person variance in intake than to account for the same proportion of the popylation\`s total intake. These data may be useful in the development of dietary assessment instrument and in nutrition education. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 882-889, 2000)

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.248-260
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• 2023

This study provides basic data when planning nutrition support for healthy aging by revealing the relationship between various symptoms in the elderly and nutrient intake. From the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, data from senior citizens aged 65 years or older in 2021 were used, and answers on the depression prevalence, activity restrictions, complaints of discomfort when chewing, and nutrient intake were analyzed through SPSS multiple logistic regression analysis. In the case of depression, there was a significant effect on the intake of four of the 20 nutrients (water, protein, cholesterol, and vitamin E). When experiencing activity restrictions, the intake of eight of the 20 nutrients (phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin D, beta-carotene, retinol, thiamine, and niacin) was affected. When experiencing chewing discomfort, the intake of three of the 20 nutrients (fat, magnesium, and vitamin E) was affected. Elderly people who suffer from depression, activity restrictions, and discomfort with chewing are at risk of various nutrient deficiencies, and related studies need to be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in nutrient intakes between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes of the subjects. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Intakes of nutrients such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals, and antioxidant vitamins were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and hypercholesterolemia group. However, antioxidant vitamins and folate intakes in the hypercholesterolemia group tended to be lower than those in the normocholesterolmia group. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin E, and Ca in normocholesterolemia was much less than the RDA for those nutrients in normocholesterolemia. Cholesterol intake in the hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that in the normochoesterolemia group. However, mean cholesterol intake(240 mg/day) of the hypercholesterolemia group was much less than that of Americans whose cholesterol intake was 400 - 500 me/day. Fatty acid intakes were not significantly different between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia groups but the hypercholesterolemia group tended to consume $\omega$3 fatty acids less than the normocholesterolemia group. Out data indicate that cholesterol intake is man important determinant of serum cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. The results of this study provide information that is important in designing appropriate dietary guidelines for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In times of disaster, simplified and minimized nutritional standards are necessary for a quick response to provide nutritious relief food. This study aimed to develop nutrient-based nutritional standards for foodservice at shelters during disasters in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The standards were developed in 2 phases. First, nutrients to be included in the standards were selected. Initial candidates were selected considering 3 aspects: preceding standards, insufficient intake during disasters, and inadequate intake among South Koreans. Final selection was made by excluding nutrients for 3 reasons: nutrients for which there is no deficiency concern in South Korea, nutrients whose intake data were not available, or nutrients whose values presented by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans are difficult to achieve based on the current diet among South Koreans. Second, the reference values of energy and the selected nutrients were calculated. The reference values for the entire population who were 1-year-old and over were calculated by multiplying the estimated energy requirements or the recommended nutrient intake and the proportion of each age and sex group. Respective reference values were also calculated for 4 different age groups (1-5, 6-11, 12-64, and ≥ 65-year-old). RESULTS: The standards for the entire population were 2,000 kcal for energy, 55 g for protein, 650 ㎍ retinol activity equivalents for vitamin A, 95 mg for vitamin C, 1.1 mg for thiamin, 1.3 mg for riboflavin, 14 mg niacin equivalents for niacin, 350 ㎍ dietary folate equivalents for folic acid, 750 mg for calcium, and 11 mg for iron. Four additional standards corresponding to each age group were developed. CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional standards during disasters were developed for South Korea, including energy and 9 nutrients with reference values for the entire population and 4 different age groups. The standards will contribute to maintaining the health of disaster evacuees in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1380-1390
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• 1999

To assess the food intake and diet quality of preschool children in Pusan, dietary survey was conducted with 176 subjects using 24hr recall method. Diet quality was assessed by food group pattern, dietary diversity score(DDS), dietary variety score(DVS), and dietary frequency score(DFS). The total number of food items consumed was 307. The foods consumed most frequently were rice, Korean cabbage kimchi, milk and green onion. When investigating the consumption pattern of major six food groups, 38.1% of subjects consumed all six groups. Food group was missed in order of fruit(41.5%), sweet(19.9%), dairy(16.5), vegetable(4.5%) and meat(1.7%). The mean values of DDS, DVS, and DFS were 5.16, 13.82, and 16.07 re spectively. Persons who had higher DDSs also had higher DVSs(p<0.001). DDS, DVS and DFS correlated positively with NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio) and MAR(mean adequacy ratio) significantly. Associations between the NAR of most nutrients and MAR with DVS and DFS were higher than those between the NAR of most nutrients and MAR with DDS. People with DDS of above 6 or DVS of above 16 or DFS of above 21 met two thirds of recommended dietary allowance for nutrients. Based on the result of the food group intake, the food intake of subjects was not adequate, especially the fruit and dairy groups. When assessing the dietary quality of subjects using DDS, DVS and DFS, many people appeared not to have a desirable food intake.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare food intakes between Korean breast cancer patients and a healthy control group. We compared the intake of nutrients of 117 food items between Korean breast cancer patients (n=97) and age matched healthy controls (n=97). Nutrient intake was estimated using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The mean caloric intake of breast cancer patients and healthy controls was not significantly different. Breast cancer patients consumed significantly less fat and antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin A, retinol, ${\beta}-carotene$, vitamin C and vitamin E when compared to the control subjects. Among the food items, the intake of eggs (p<0.01), legumes (p<0.05), vegetables (p<0.05), seasonings (p<0.001), and oils and fats (p<0.01) in breast cancer patients was significantly lower than that in the controls. These results suggest that Korean breast cancer patients consumed less amount of soy and vegetables, which are rich source of antioxidant nutrients and phytosterols. Thus, dietary guidance to increase intake of these foods may be beneficial in the prevention of breast cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.701-711
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• 2000

To provide the baseline information for establishing community based nutritional service system in the context of health promotion, we conducted nutrition survey for 196 adults (male ; 99, female ; 97) in Kyungpook area. Individual food intake was measured by 24-hour recall method, and then diet quality was evaluated by Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Average dietary intake of Ca and Vit A of total subjects were lower than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (Ca; 83% of RDA, Vit A; 77% of RDA). On the whole, mean nutrients intake of male subjects were higher than that of female subjects. It also appeared that overall nutrients intake of younger women (20~29 yr) were lower than that of other age group. When we evaluated the nutrients intake of the subjects by INQ, Vit C (=2.39) showed the highest score. Ca (=0.89) and Vit A (=0.84) were revealed to be concerned nutrients in both quantity and quality. There was almost no difference in MAR between men and women (Men ; 0.88, Women ; 0.86). MAR showed significantrly positive correlation with age (p<0.05), meal frequency (p<0.001) and negative correlation with education level (p<0.01) in women, whereas no statistically significant relationship among these variables was observed in men. Age and meal frequency showed significantly positive correlation with most nutrients intakes among women. In conclusion, nutrition education strategies for sound food choice and regular meals need to be developed to improve the nutritional adequacy of female adults in the 20's.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2010

This study was intended to investigate the relation between nutrient status and food diversity of elementary school students in Daegu-Kyungpook area. The subjects were 164 elementary school students (82 boys, 82 girls) who participated in "Dietary Intake Survey of Infants, Children and Adolescents" conducted by Korea Food & Drug Administration and Korea Health Industry Development Institute. We analyzed the nutritional status for two non-consecutive days by 24 hour recall method. Adequacy of dietary intake was evaluated by the proportion of subjects consuming nutrients less than Estimated Average Requirements (EAR). Food diversity was compared by using Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Dietary Variety Score (DVS). Nutrients intake was significantly higher in boys than girls. Subjects who consumed all food groups showed higher intake of energy and other nutrients. Boys maintained better diet quality than girls, measured by Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) as well as Dietary Variety Score (DVS). Based on these results, nutrition education for elementary school students should focus on the importance of consuming all food groups with more attention for girls.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a winter training camp on physical fitness, physical self-efficacy and nutrients intake in juvenile Taekwondo players. Sixty three subjects of male middle school student Taekwondo players participated in this study. Before and after attending Taekwondo winter training camp, Taekwondo related fitness and physical self efficacy and nutrients intake of subjects were measured and compared. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were significantly improvements (p<0.001) in 1200m run, sit up, push up. 2) There was no significantly change in physical self efficacy. 3) There were significantly increase intakes (p<0.001) in total calorie, protein, fat, fiber, Ca, P, K, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E. However, index of nutritional quality in fiber, Ca, K, vitamin A had not good assessment. These results suggested that a winter training seems necessary to keep psychological management and scientific dietary management as well as physical training in juvenile Taekwondo players.