• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 멀티미디어에 내재한 무수한 데이터를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data) 기반 병렬 프로세서를 소개한다. 또한, 인텔사의 대표적인 멀티미디어 전용 명령어인 MMX (MultiMedia eXtension)타입 명령어를 병렬 프로세서에 구현하여 성능을 평가하고 결과를 분석한다. 16개의 32-비트 프로세서로 구성된 병렬프로세서를 이용하여 1280x1024픽셀 이미지의 JPEG 압축 애플리케이션을 구현하고 모의 실험한 결과, 동일한 병렬프로세서 기반에서 MMX타입 명령어는 베이스라인 명령어보다 약 50%의 성능 향상을 보였다. 또한, MMX타입 명령어는 베이스라인 명령어보다 에너지 효율에서 100%, 시스템 면적 효율에서 51%의 향상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 MMX를 포함한 멀티미디어 전용 명령어들이 현재 널리 사용되고 있는 매니코어 GPU(Graphics Processing Unit) 및 다양한 형태의 병렬프로세서에서도 잠재 가능성이 있음을 보여준다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.223-248
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• 2009

Previous research on the impact of pretask planning on subsequent second language (L2) production has mainly focused on the linguistic quality of planned production, while learners' thought processes and perceptions about planning have been relatively less explored. In addition, few previous planning studies have examined whether the learners did in fact follow the pretask instructions, thus leaving the role of pretask instructions in the planning process unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated whether pretask instructions affect attentional allocation as well as what cognitive operations planners engage in and what their perceptions about planning are. Forty-three Korean EFL classroom learners were divided into two groups: before having time to plan for an oral story retelling task, one group received general instructions, while the other group received specific instructions. The findings, based on both quantitative and qualitative data analysis, indicated no large effects of pretask instructions on the planners' attentional focus. Rather, the qualitative analysis identified a number of other factors that influenced learners' decision making as well as their general processes and approaches to planning and their perceptions about planning and thinking aloud while planning. Implications for L2 teaching as well as limitations of the study are discussed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.434-454
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• 2023

본 연구는 초등교육 현장에서 이루어진 모델링 수업 사례와 모델링 수업에 관한 초등교사의 인식이 나타난 연구를 통해 초등과학 모델링 수업의 구성과 속성 및 교사의 역량 요인을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 모델링 수업 사례와 초등교사의 인식이 드러난 질적 연구물을 종합적으로 분석하는 질적 메타분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 초등과학 모델링 수업의 구성은 모델을 생성하고 평가한 뒤 수정하는 과정을 거치며, 이러한 과정은 소집단 상호작용 안에서 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. 초등과학 모델링 수업의 속성은 모델링 수업에 영향을 미치는 요인과 모델링 수업에 참여하는 학생에게 요구되는 역량 요인으로 나뉠 수 있는데, 모델링 수업에 영향을 미치는 요인에는 '소집단 상호작용'과 '수업 시간'이 도출되었다. 모델링 수업에 참여하는 학생들에게 요구되는 역량 요인으로는 '과학 지식', '메타모델링 지식', '감정 조절 능력'이 도출되었다. 초등과학 모델링 수업에 필요한 교사의 역량 요인은 교사가 알아야 할 지식, 갖추어야 할 기능, 태도 측면에서 분석되었다. 분석 결과, 교사는 '메타모델링 지식', '모델링 평가지식'을 알고 있어야 하며, '학생에 대한 감정적 지원' 능력을 갖추고, '모델링의 가치에 대해 인식'하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 효과적인 모델링 수업을 위한 교육적 방법에 대해 논의하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제29B권10호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1992

This paper presents an effective synchronization algorithm. It is different from the existing synchronization methods by inserting appropriate synchronization instructions between statements according to different kinds of data dependencies. The overhead caused by too many synchronization instructions in a loop can be a critical problem. Synchronization optimization is a method which discriminates and eliminates the redundant synchronization instructions in a loop. In this paper, a new synchronization optimization algorithm is developed, and performance analysis using simulation on the UNIX operating system is carried out.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.281-295
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze laboratory instructions used in elementary school science lessons by utilizing an analysis instrument for science laboratory instruction(AISLI). This analysis instrument was comprised of 3 elements; the aim of the laboratory activity, the interaction generated, and the inquiry process. There were also a total of 20 sub-categories and its validity was identified at 0.89 by four science educators. For the purposes of this study, 90 laboratory instructions were video-recorded, then transcribed. Laboratory instructions were analyzed by three analyst teams, and the inter-rater reliability within teams was checked through Pearson correlation, with a score of 0.91. The results of this study were as follows: the two principle aims of laboratory activity, namely, to acquire declarative knowledge and to increase attitudes toward science, were observed to be in evidence in 98.9% and 92.2% in laboratory instructions, and the levels of categories of the interaction and inquiry processes were situated at level-1. The implications of these results are that laboratory instructions currently in use do not place sufficient demands upon students' scientific thinking and are not at all conducive to student-centered activities. Therefore in order to remedy this situation, the usefulness of current science laboratory instructions need to be re-evaluated.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.425-432
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• 2007

In the policy management of the safety&health, the environment and the quality, the documentation of the management system is required in every international regulatory guides. In case of 3 level classification of the system documents, it generally will be identified such name as the manual, the procedure and the job instruction. Each document has the unique role and usage though, the job instructions, especially, would be developed to support the practical job worker. So, the job instructions should be reflect the latest know-how of the job-handling methods. And that, it should be used at any times by the practical job worker. This study is planned to survey the actual usage status of the job instructions of the domestic enterprises, and tried to suggest the effective way of maintaining the documents.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.2691-2697
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 3차원 그래픽 쉐이더 3.0 API를 지원하는 쉐이더 명령어 및 컴파일러를 설계하고 그 결과를 평가한다. 기존의 명령어와는 달리 가변길이의 명령어 구조를 제안하고 명령어의 길이를 줄여 SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data)구조의 그래픽 프로세서의 하드웨어 크기를 줄일 수 있다. 가변길이 및 2 페이즈 구조의 명령어를 지원하며 ESSL(ES Shading Language) 수준에서 쉐이더 프로그램이 가능한 쉐이더 컴파일러의 설계를 수행하였다. 명령어와 컴파일러 설계 결과를 검증하기 위하여 크로노스그룹에서 제안하는 Conformance Test를 수행하였다. 그 결과로 제공하는 기본 GL 쉐이더의 기능 16개를 비교하여 보았을 때 전체 평균 37%가 줄어드는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1060-1074
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 서울지역의 초 중등교사 225명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 과학관 학습 관련 교수 학습 경험, 과학관 학습의 이해 및 실행에 대한 자기인식, 과학관 학습의 효과, 교수전략 및 본성에 대한인식, 과학관 학습 관련 교육 요구, 과학수업에서 과학관 학습 실행 의향에 대해 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 과학관 학습과 관련된 교육을 받은 경험이 거의 없었고 과학관을 활용한 교수 학습 경험도 많지 않았다. 또한, 많은 교사들이 과학관 학습의 이해 및 실행에 대한 자기 인식이 높지 않은 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 과학관 학습의 교육적 효과와 과학관 학습의 본성 및 교수전략에 대한 이해 수준이 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 형식적인 학교교육에서의 교수관을 과학관 학습에도 그대로 적용하려는 경향이 있었다. 과학관 학습 실행 의향과 교육 요구가 높았는데, 교사들은 과학관 학습에 직접 활용할 수 있는 실제적인 사항들에 대한 정보를 가장 필요로 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 교육적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1974

Very few studies regarding the effects of preoperative nursing intervention on children's welfare after surgery have been conducted. The purpose of this study was 1) to evaluate the effects of preoperative nursing instructions on children's physical recovery and emotional state after surgery and 2) to analyse the relationship between the effects of preoperative nursing instructions and the age and general anxiety of child. The study was conducted flow: August 15th to October 30th at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. A total of 41 Pediatric surgical Patients, between the age of 4 to 14, participated in the study. Twenty patients, randomly selected, were visited by the experimenter in the evening before, surgery and received specific preoperative nursing instructions. These instructions were designed to alleviate emotional stress and were adopted to the age of child. The postoperative recovery of these patients were then compared with a randomly selected control group of 21 patients who received only the routine preoperative care by the staff in the hospital Dependent variable were vomiting, pain medication, ability to void, elevation of temperature, infection, the between surgery and hospital discharge and postoperative emotional stress which was measured by the vital signs. Because of the limitation of the sample size it was difficult to obtain valid statistical results. However, the analysis of the raw data indicates that: 1) the preoperative nursing instructions appears to promote physical recovery and it seems especially effective in preventing elevation of temperature and shortening the length of the hospital stay, 2) the preoperative nursing instruction also seems to be effective in relieving the child's emotional stress(situational anxiety) after surgery, 3) the patient's general anxiety level preparatively seems to be a predictor of postoperative problems, 4) the preoperative nursing instructions were an effective means of promoting physical recovery in every age group as long as the child understood the instructions. The above data would seem to indicate that all preoperative pediatric patients four years of age or older, if they can understand, should have preoperative nursing instruction in order to alleviate postoperative stress and enhance physical recovery. The level of general anxiety preparatively deserves special attention since the amount of nursing instruction needed seems to vary with tile level of anxiety.

• 정보과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 1983

In its global meaning language translation refers to the process whereby a program which is executable in one computer can be executed in another computer directly to obtain the same result. There are four different ways of approaching translation. The first way is translation by a Translator or a Compier, the second way is Interpretation, the third way is Simulation, the last way is Emulation. This paper introduces the M-C Translator which was designed as the first way of translation. The MUSS 80 language (the subsystem of the UNIVAC Solid State 80 S-4 assembly language system) was chosen as the source language which includes forty-three instructions, using the CYBER COMPASS as the object language. The M-C translator is a two pass translator and is a two pas translator and es written in Fortran Extended language. For this M-C Translation, seven COMPASS subroutines and a set of thirty-five macros were prepared. Each executable source instruction corresponds to a macro, so it will be a macro instruction within the object profram. Subroutines are used to retain and handle the source data representation the same way in the object program as in the source system, and are used to convert the decimal source data into the equivalent binary result into the equivalent USS-80digits before and after arithmetic operations. The source instructions can be classified into three categories. First, therd are some instructions which are meaningless in the object system and are therefore unnecessary to translate, and the remaining instructions should be translated. Second, There are some instructions are required to indicate dual address portions. Third, there are Three instructions which have overflow conditions, which are lacking in the remaining instructions. The construction and functions of the M-C Translator, are explained including some of the subroutines, and macros. The problems, difficulties and the method of solving them, and easier features on this translation are analysed. The study of how to save memory and time will be continued.