• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

Japan and Korea have developed forest therapy policies, but their policies differ in several respects. First, Forest therapy projects are managed by local governments and residents in Japan, while they are operated by Korea Forest Service. Second, Japan adopts the certification system of forest therapy areas, emphasizes medical and scientific evidences, maintains the quality of forest therapy by inducing competitive participation of local governments and residents, and cultivates forest therapists through Forest Therapy Society. In contrast, Korea has adopted the licence system, improved institutional framework, and cultivated therapists, but it is at early stage. Third, Japanese forest therapy policy aims at regional development of the mountain villages, overlapping with other local policies. However, in Korea, the primary policy goal is to expand forest services and thereby having its own policy framework and being promoted strongly.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2010

The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC) was transposed into Irish law by Statutory Instrument Nos. 722 of 2003, 413 of 2005 and 218 of 2009, which set out a new strategy and process to protect and enhance Ireland's water resources and water-dependent ecosystems. The Directive requires a novel, holistic, integrated, and iterative process to address Ireland's natural waters based on a series of six-year planning cycles. Key success factors in implementing the Directive include an in-depth and balanced treatment of the ecological, economic, institutional and cultural aspects of river basin management planning. Introducing this visionary discipline for the management of sustainable water resources requires a solemn commitment to a new mindset and an overarching monitoring and management regime which hitherto has never been attempted in Ireland. The WFD must be implemented in conjunction with a myriad of complimentary directives and associated legislation, addressing such key related topics as flood/drought management, biodiversity protection, land use planning, and water/wastewater and diffuse pollution engineering and regulation. The critical steps identified for river basin management planning under the WFD include: 1) characterization and classification of water bodies (i.e., how healthy are Irish waters?), 2) definition of significant water pressures (e.g., agriculture, forestry, septic tanks), 3) enhancement of measures for designated protected areas, 4) establishment of objectives for all surface and ground waters, and 5) integrating these critical steps into a comprehensive and coherent river basin management plan and associated programme of measures. A parallel WFD implementation programme critically depends on an effective environmental management system (EMS) approach with a plan-do-check-act cycle applied to each of the evolving six-year plans. The proactive involvement of stakeholders and the general public is a key element of this EMS approach.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2014

This paper investigates how strategy formulation and implementation processes used by the University of Cape Coast (UCC) in building its digital collections compare with the Andrew's strategic formulation and implementation theoretical framework. Theory-testing case study methodology was used. The data collection instruments were the key informant interview technique and document reviews. During the formulation phase, two aspects (resources and aspirations of senior management) were emergent. During the implementation phase, five aspects (achieving results, processes and behaviour, standards, motivation, personal) were emergent. All other elements of building the UCC digital collections were planned during both the formulation and implementation phases. Although the emphasis on students and learning is laudable and apt, there seems to be lack of focus on research support beyond digital collection building, despite the fact that research excellence is one of the UCC's key priorities. Opportunities exist for improving feedback mechanisms between the users, digital library staff and the university management; and inclusion of social media tools in the digital library project. Since only the experience of a single institution of higher learning is considered, it cannot be definitively stated that strategy formulation and implementation will be similar in every institutional context. However, the results provide a basis for academic digital libraries to draw lessons from this case. In African public universities, there is little earlier research on strategy formulation and implementation in digital library management. Strategy formulation and implementation is a critical issue for higher education academic libraries especially in developing countries like Ghana, due to limited financial resources and the rapid change in the information environment during the last several decades.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2017

The vulnerability analysis of climate change driven disaster has been used as institutional framework for the urban policies of disaster prevention since 2012. However, some problems have occurred due to the structure of vulnerability analysis, such as overweighted variables and duplicated application of variables of similar meaning. The goal of this study is to examine the differences of results between the method of current guideline and the method of weight equalization. For this, we examines the current structural framework of the vulnerability analysis, and performs empirical analysis. As a result, the extent and magnitude of vulnerability showed different spatial patterns depending on the weighting methods. Standardized weighting method relatively represented wider vulnerable areas compared to the pre-existing method which follows the current instruction manual. To apply the results of vulnerability analysis to urban planning process for disaster prevention, this study suggests that the reliability of the results should be ensured by improving analytical framework and detailed review of the results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3769-3777
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• 2015

Overseas Expansion is essential to expand domestic geospatial industries in a state of saturation. But current overseas expansion method has be limited to expand global market. Inter-industries convergence strategies may be most resonable alternative to expand global market through raising expansion possibility to developing countries with ODA funds and to developed countries with converging global competitive industries. This research analyzed the industry to develop a suitable way fusion between these industries. As a result, easiness of convergence, confidentiality of information, complementarity of poor infrastructure, responsiveness of various demands and sustainability of system are needed to successful convergence on multiple industries. This convergence framework is consists of geospatial convergence common framework based on cloud computing, inter-industries convergence model and institutional supporting system for overseas expansion.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.364-378
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• 2015

As safety Issue becomes one of the hot topics, practical researches and feasible policies are in needs not only for central government but also local officers. The previous studies focused on organizational or institutional approaches and on functional efficiencies, especially how to integrate disaster data at every stage of disaster from preparedness to recovery. Physical and social environments differ from among others, top-down disaster management plan cannot work, and therefore more practical statistics and survey is required to prepare the safety management plan for local government. We aim to suggest a safety environment survey framework and to apply it to two guns (Muan and Goheung). We considered main factors of the framework based on legal requirement for safety index and four stages of disaster progress. Two guns are located in remote area and have a population who are weak to disaster. Action items were drawn from the survey and analysis from the framework respectively. We expect this framework to be expanded to include more urbanized and complex areas.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.22
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• pp.171-203
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to analyse the current status and to suggest some strategies for vitalizations of the citizen participation in Korean public library administration as a part of exploring ways toward the development of public libraries in the time of localization. The concepts, types, needs and some problems of the citizen participation in local public administration are examined as a theoretical framework for this study. Public library board system in America and public library council system in Japan are investigated on their history, legal status, composition, function and are evaluated as a citizen participation system. Results of the survey on actual conditions of the institutional device for citizen participation in Korean public library administration, library administration committee, are presents. And some strategies for vitalizations of the system are suggested.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

This paper sought to provide information regarding the water resources in the Philippines, focusing on the issues of water quality, status of water use and water scarcity, and other threats to water availability. Although the country has sufficient amount of water resources, it was found out that water availability is still threatened by some major water resources problems: increasing water demand due to drastic growth in population, water resources pollution, droughts and flooding and weak institutional framework to address these problems. Water quality problems include increasing groundwater and surface water pollution. Moreover, drought and flooding have also increased damages in recent years due to deteriorating watersheds and high economic and population growth. In relation to these, the government enacted national laws to define and deal with water control and quality management. The objective of this research was to present and evaluate current conditions and issues on Philippine water resources.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.82-91
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• 2008

This paper sought to provide information regarding the water resources in the Philippines, focusing on the issues of water quality, status of water use and water scarcity, and other threats to water availability. Although the country has sufficient amount of water resources, it was found out that water availability is still threatened by some major water resources problems: increasing water demand due to drastic growth in population, water resources pollution, droughts and flooding and weak institutional framework to address these problems. Water quality problems include increasing groundwater and surface water pollution. Moreover, drought and flooding have also increased damages in recent years due to deteriorating watersheds and high economic and population growth. In relation to these, the Government enacted national laws to define and deal with water control and quality management. The objective of this research was to present and evaluate current conditions and issues on Philippine water resources.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the elements of community Design for urban housing complex, and to suggest design criteria for urban housing. It is recognized that the community facilities has to fit within the urban fabric. However with a correct focus, the community activities can acquire its own identity around which its internal social and economic activities can flourish. A community needs a focus and a well ordered hierarchy of all amenities in a balanced and cohesive environment. This has been achieved within the framework of following parameters as follows: Focus and Identity of community, Cohesion of areas and activities, Accessibility of general facilities, Community and institutional provisions, Safety and Hierarchy of commercial activities.