• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-44
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• 2009

The purpose of this parer is to examine the specifies of Institutional Arbitration and Ad Hoc Arbitration. The court prefers the institutional award in the enforcement rather than the award issued under the name of arbitrators alone. For example, the ICC Court of Arbitration scrutinizes awards for completeness, adherence to the ICC Rules and internal consistency, which since the court assurance for enforcement. In terms of arbitration costs, for which the ad hoc arbitration is considered to have comparative advantages, the institutional arbitration may not be more expensive than ad hoc arbitration, as in most commercial case, the administrative fees are insignificant. This paper suggests the standard or model arbitration clauses in institutional and ad hoc arbitrations. These Clauses contains the minimum elements necessary to render the arbitration agreement enforceable and effective. So both parties may add the specific contents such as the number of arbitrator, the place of arbitration and the language. Especially, in Ad Hoc Arbitration without designated set of rules, more clean clause for appointing arbitrators will be needed.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2012

이용자 관점에서 대학 기관리포지터리는 다양한 정보시스템과 서비스 중의 하나이기 때문에 이용자 측면의 인지와 이용행태에 관한 연구는 대학 기관리포지터리의 발전에 있어서 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 대학 기관리포지터리 이용자(end-user)의 이용행태를 밝히고 이를 통해 대학 기관리포지터리 개선 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 대학 중 자체적인 대학 기관리포지터리 시스템을 운영하는 3기관(KOASAS, S-Space, DSpace@INHA)을 선정하였다. 이들 세 기관의 이용자를 대상으로 대학 기관리포지터리의 이용행태에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 바탕으로 대학 기관리포지터리에 대한 인지 및 접근성과 검색 및 이용에 관한 측면에서 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 대학 기관리포지터리에 대한 인지 제고와 함께 이용자의 적극적인 이용을 도모하는데 있어서 실제적인 지침의 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of gender diversity and institutional ownership on earnings management in distribution industry sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2018. Research design, data and methodology: This research is case study research, where the population in this study are all distribution sub-sector companies listed on the IDX in 2017-2018. The sample selection technique used was purposive sampling and obtained 74 companies with the 2017-2018 research period. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in this study, using Stata 17. Results: The results of this study indicate that: 1) Gender diversity has a negative effect on earnings management. 2) Institutional ownership has a negative effect on earnings management. Conclusions: This study contributes to the agency theory where gender diversity and institutional ownership can reduce the agency conflict that the shrinkage of earnings management. These results indicate that companies in which there are female directors will reduce earnings management practices, this is due to the attitude of female directors who tend to avoid risk. The results also show that institutional ownership will also lead to reduced levels of earnings management, because institutional investors will increase its oversight of the company.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2021

The stock markets in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries are the leading emerging markets globally. Therefore, it is pertinent to ascertain the critical drivers of stock market development in these economies. The currrent study empirically investigates to identify the linkages between stock market development, key macro-economic factors and institutional factors in the BRICS economies. The study covers the time period from 2000 to 2017. The dependent variable is the country's stock market development and the independent variables consist of six macroeconomic variables and five institutional variables. The study employs a panel cointegration test, Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach and a heterogeneous panel non-causality test.The findings of the study indicate co-integration among the selected variables across the BRICS stock markets. Long-run estimations reveal that five macroeconomic variables and four variables related to institutional quality are positive and statistically significant. Further, short-run causalities between stock market capitalization and selected variables are detected through the test of non-causality in a heterogeneous panel setting. The findings suggest that policymakers in the BRICS countries should enhance robust macroeconomic conditions to support their financial markets and should strengthen the institutional quality drivers to stimulate the pace of stock market development in their countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the determinants of macroeconomic and institutional stability on the development of the global sukuk market by controlling the effects of population. This study uses panel data namely GDP per-capita, exchange rate, and inflation as the proxies for macroeconomic stability sourced from the World Development Index, and six dimensions of Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) as institutional proxies sourced from WGI-World Bank. To make robust the relationship between macroeconomics and institutional on the global sukuk market, the population (POP) variable was included as a control variable. The development of sukuk uses a proxy for sukuk issuance in the International Islamic Financial Market, for the annual period from 2002-2017. The data was analyzed using the General Method of Moment, and the results show that by controlling the population effects that proved to be significant, GDP per-capita and the rule of law have a significant impact on the development of sukuk, especially when incorporating population effects as control variables, whereby further ascertaining the effect of each macroeconomic-stability variable and institutional stability on sukuk development, especially inflation, found not to affect sukuk development. These results also confirm the previous findings, whereby inflation remains controllable at a certain level for economic development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.529-538
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• 2021

This article aims to describe the institutional structuring strategy of independent smallholders in accelerating sustainable economic development, by taking the example of the cow-coconut integration system (SISKA) problem in Sialang Palas Village, Riau. The method used identified stakeholders related to SISKA; the stakeholder's goals and interests, farmers' social and institutional bases, and self-help farmer socio-economic networks. First, identification of various factors through strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis techniques. Second, through the Modern Political Economy analysis technique. Third, imparting knowledge and skills to the farmers and village officials through a collective learning process in utilizing natural resource waste and social resources. The results showed that the farmer management strategy in the reform era started by clustering the interests of farmers. The dynamics of structuring group relations between the chairman and members with farmers outside the group are the basis for strengthening the local ideology of independence in the future. This institutional structuring strategy that focuses on access to farm power in the village decision-making process encourages a more integrated work of farmer organizations. The analysis above shows that the independent smallholder institutional engineering through regulation, organization, and resources are determined by the farmer household economic factors and the application of the value of local wisdom.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of institutional ownership, independent board of commissioners, audit committee, and profitability (RNOA) on tax avoidance in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2014-2018 period. The sampling method employed in this study was the cluster sampling method. The population was all banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. The sample selection results using the purposive sampling method during the observation includes 209 companies that published complete annual reports and their financial report notes as of December 31, 2018. The results revealed that institutional ownership and independent board of commissioners did not affect profitability. Profitability also did not affect tax avoidance. Further findings showed that institutional ownership and audit committee positively affect tax avoidance. From the result of Sobel test, this study indicated that profitability cannot mediate the effect of institutional ownership, independent board of commissioners, and audit committee on tax avoidance. This study has succeeded in proving empirically that there was a significant effect of the audit committee on profitability, institutional ownership on tax avoidance, and the audit committee on tax avoidance. Therefore, this study supports the agency theory and the research model from previous studies.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of ownership structure on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: The study has been conducted on 28 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies from 2012 to 2020. Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q are selected as indicators of internal and market performance of the firms respectively whereas institutional ownership, directors' ownership and foreign ownership are selected as proxies of ownership structure. Panel analysis using random effects, lag method and time dummy method is used to analyse the relationship. Results: The study has found the existence of highly concentrated directors' ownership, a low percentage of institutional ownership and a very insignificant proportion of foreign ownership in the industry. The regression results show that directors' ownership has a positive and significant impact on firm performance, supporting the concept of agency theory. The study has also found a positive and significant impact of foreign ownership on firm performance. Unfortunately, the impact of institutional ownership is found to be insignificant. Conclusions: Directors' ownership and foreign ownership decreases agency cost that ultimately increases firm performance. However, the role of institutional investors is not significant enough to improve firm performance. It is suggested that institutional investors should be more active and involved in monitoring the activities of the organisations to improve performance.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1171-1187
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• 2023

This study explores how an organization has successfully implemented ML-supported HR services to resolve high employee turnover problems in the IT sector. The empirical setting of the research is where contradicting institutional logics exist among technical, HR, and business groups regarding the ML model development and use of the model predictions in HR services. Institutional framework is used to identify the roles of organizational actors and the legitimacy structures in the organizational environments that can shape or constrain the ML led organizational changes. In institutional theories, technology adoption and organizational change are not only constrained by organizational context, but also fostered through organizational actors' roles and efforts to increase the legitimacy for the change. This research found that when multiple contradicting institutional logics exist, legitimizing the establishment of an enabling environment for multiple logics to reconcile and for the project to move forward is critical. Industry-wide conditions, previous experiences with the pilot ML project, forming a TFT with clearly defined roles and responsibilities, and relevant KPIs are found to legitimize the HR team and the business division to collaborate with the technical personnel to launch ML-supported HR services.

• 기록학연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.5-49
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• 2015

최근 기록학계에 기록화 전략(documentation strategy)에 관한 연구가 꾸준히 발표되고 있으나, 우리나라에서 헬렌 사무엘스가 제시한 기관기능분석(institutional functional analysis) 방법론을 적용한 실제 사례나 연구는 진행된 바가 거의 없다. 기관기능분석은 거시적인 차원에서 기관의 본질적인 기능을 정의함으로써 기록에 대한 포괄적인 이해를 제공하는 방법론이다. 기관기능분석으로 도출된 기록화 영역은 아키비스트가 기관의 기록을 선별하여 남기기 위한 일종의 선험적인 틀로 기능한다. 즉, 기관기능분석 방법론을 통해 기관의 기능을 분석함으로써, 현행 기록처리일정표에서 담보하지 못하는 기능을 거시적인 차원에서 식별하여 해당 조직의 업무 활동에 대한 설명책임성 확보가 가능한 것이다. 미국의 기록화 프로젝트는 이러한 배경에 부합하는 대표적인 사례이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미국 의회의 사례를 분석함으로써, 미국 의회와 같은 성격의 국가기관인 우리나라 국회에 기관기능분석을 적용할 때 필요한 시사점을 도출하여 제안하였다. 이를 위해 우선 선행연구의 성격으로 기관기능분석에 관한 이론적 논의를 살펴보았다. 둘째, 미국 의회 기록화 프로젝트를 기관기능분석에 따른 기능별로 사례 분석하였다. 셋째, 사례 분석 결과를 토대로 시사점을 도출함으로써 우리나라 국회에 적용 가능한 기록화 영역을 제안하였다.