• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

Objectives: Chronic insomnia disorder is a common and one of the most distressing sleep disorders. This pilot study was conducted to compare the spatial function between insomnia disorder patients and good sleeping control. Methods: We enrolled the 22 patients with chronic insomnia during over one year who met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of insomnia disorder and 27 normal sleeping controls. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) has been performed to compare the spatial cognitive function between insomnia disorder patients and good sleeping controls. Results: The CANTAB results showed significant differences in the problems solved in minimum moves of Stockings of Cambridge test (t = -2.499, p = 0.017). The significant difference between two groups remained after controlling age, sex, and Beck Depression Index non-sleep scores (F = 5.631, p = 0.022). Conclusion: This study suggests that the patients with insomnia disorder have poor spatial planning function.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2009

Relatively little is known about the neurobiology of insomnia, despite its wide prevalence and broad medical impact. Although much is still to be learned about the pathophysiology of the disorder, identification, systematic assessment, and appropriate treatment are clearly beneficial to patients. Recent research, using quantitative EEG, polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and neuroimaging techniques, suggests that some broad areas can be identified as possible pathophysiological models. Sleep-wake homeostat model hypothesizes a failure in homeostatic regulation of sleep, an attenuated increase in sleep drive with time awake, and/or defective sensing of sleep need. Circadian clock model hypothesizes a dysfunctional circadian clock, resulting in changes in the timing of sleep-wake propensity that are incompatible with normal sleep. Intrinsic sleep-wake state mechanism model suggests that abnormal function of insomnia comprises the systems responsible for expression of the sleep states themselves. Extrinsic over-ride mechanism (stress-response) model suggests that insomnia reflects the consequences of overactivity of one of the systems considered "extrinsic" to normal sleep-wake control. Many current therapies for insomnia are based on these physiological models. Several attempts have been made to create a physiological model that would explain this disorder and could be used as a foundation for treatment. However, it appeared that no model can fully explain and clarify all aspects of insomnia. Future research should be necessary to expand our knowledge on the biological dimensions of insomnia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2003

Insomnia is a disorder of initiation and maintenance of sleep that is derived from multiple factors such as psychologic, physiological and environmental problems. A number of stroke patients suffer from insomnia classified as one of the sleep disorders associated with physical illness and on the contrary insomnia may have profound deleterious effects on the natural course of stroke. Sedative-hypnotics including benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine have widely been used in chronic insomniacs. However, most hypnotics cause dependence, tolerance, impaired daytime function and rebound insomnia. Therefore, we are looking forward to proposing an effective oriental treatment for insomnia. We report two cases of insomniacs, treated with Changpoulgeumtang. After the treatment, insomnia and other accompanied symptoms were improved.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.314-322
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• 2024

Objectives: We describe the clinical course in a 53-year-old female patient admitted to a Korean Medicine Hospital with insomnia disorder accompanied by a herniated intervertebral disc and managed with Korean medical treatments. Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicines, including Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and Chuna manual therapy for 33 days. The therapeutic effect was evaluated based on the Insomnia Severity Index, Numerical Rating Scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale. Results: Post-treatment, the Insomnia Severity Index decreased from 21 to 6, the Numerical Rating Scale score decreased from 7 to 3, the Oswestry Disability Index decreased from 60 to 18, and the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale increased from 0.35 to 0.85. Conclusions: Korean medical treatments improved the symptoms of this patient with insomnia disorder accompanied by a herniated intervertebral disc. Further clinical research on patients with insomnia disorder is needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

The subjects were composed of 308 children who visited the department of pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ korean medicine hospital from January 2010 to May 2013. Results 1. Among 308 patients, there were 188 boys and 120 girls; their ratio was 1.57:1. The age distribution showed that 38.3% were in the age less than 1 years, 38.0% in 1 years, 7.8% in 2 years, 5.2% in 3 years, 3.3% in 4~5 years, 4.5% in 6~10 years, 2.9% in 19~21 years. 2. It was found that 36.7% of the sleep disorder was caused without motivation, 17.2% caused by negligent accidents, 13.9% by traffic accidents, 10.4% by the unfamiliar environment, 8.1% by separation from parents, 7.5% after suffering disease, and 6.2% by irritating sound. 3. The sleep onset insomnia accounts for 17.2% of sleep disorder, sleep maintenance insomnia for 67.5%, poor sleep quality 24.4%, and daytime sleep disorder takes 19.8%. The ratio of sleep onset insomnia in adolescence comprises larger proportion (44.4%) than it of any other age groups. 4. The symptoms complicated with sleep disorder are the respiratory infection which takes 25.3%, being easily startled 18.2%, anorexia 14.6%, soft stools frequency 13.0%, greenish stools 10.7%, and skin rash 10.7%. Conclusions The causes of sleep disorders, changes of sleeping patterns, and complicated diseases show diversity in children and adolescence. Further study of sleep disorders in children and adolescence should be progressed as well.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to report the effects of oriental demonstration treatment for Panic Disorder. Panic Disorder is an anxiety disorder, characterized by panic attacks which are recurring episodes of fear accompanied by somatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, choking, dizziness, trembling and/or faintness. Objectives: We experienced one case of Panic Disorder treated with Asian medical treatment, acupuncture and herbal medication. 20-year-old female patient suffered from Panic Disorder with nausea and insomnia. Methods: Shihosogantang-gami had been applied to the patient. Results: After treatment her Panic Disorder was improved. Conclusions: Shihosogantang -gami of Asian medical treatment could be safe and effective.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and comorbid health problems, including depression/anxiety disorder, insomnia/sleep disorder, fatigue, and injury by accident, and to determine whether certain physical and psychological factors reduce comorbid health problems. Methods: In total, 29,711 employees were selected from respondents of the Third Korean Working Conditions Survey and categorized into two groups: Musculoskeletal Complaints or Musculoskeletal Sickness Absence. Four self-reported health indicators (overall fatigue, depression/anxiety, insomnia/sleep disorder, and injury by accident) were selected as outcomes, based on their high prevalence in Korea. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between comorbid health problems, musculoskeletal complaints, and sickness absence. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and musculoskeletal sickness absence due to muscular pain was 32.26% and 0.59%, respectively. Compared to the reference group, depression/anxiety disorder and overall fatigue were 5.2-6.1 times more prevalent in the Musculoskeletal Complaints Group and insomnia/sleep disorder and injury by accident were 7.6-11.0 times more prevalent in the Sickness Absence Group. When adjusted for individual and work-related physical factors, prevalence of all four comorbid health problems were slightly decreased in both groups. Conclusion: Increases in overall fatigue and depression/anxiety disorder were observed in the Musculoskeletal Complaints Group, while increases in insomnia/sleep disorder and injury by accident were observed in the Sickness Absence Group. For management of musculoskeletal complaints and sickness absence in the workplace, differences in health problems between employees with musculoskeletal complaints and those with sickness absence as well as the physical and psychological risk factors should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.296-304
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• 2003

Purpose: This study is to study sleep disorder, sleep pattern, and depression in adult women, and to offer basic data for a program of the improvement of women's health and nursing intervention. Method: A structured questionnaire was carried out from September 1, 2001 to October 30, 2001 on the subject of 441 females, who are above 18 years old and lived in Seoul. This research tool measured insomnia with APA's insomnia scale(1994), sleep pattern and sleep disorder factors scale(Shin et al(1999)'s), and depression with Radloff's CES-D scale (1977). The data were analyzed with a SPSS program for descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2-test$, and t-test. Result: The result were as follows; 1) 35.1% of all participants have insomnia. 2) Sleep disorder group appeared shorter($50.98{\pm}29.41min$.) than normal group($73.03{\pm}38.7min$.) in daytime sleepiness(p=0.001). 3) Factors of sleep disorder were stress(76.6%), worry(55.6%), without reason(39.6%), and noise outside(37.4%). 4) In relation between sleep disorder and depression, group with sleep disorder($20.20{\pm}11.06$) marked higher depression score than normal group($14.25{\pm}8.81$)(p<0.0001). Conclusion: Based upon these finding, sleep disorder in adult women was influenced by psychological factors, group with sleep disorder showed a higher depression score than normal group, and which indicated correlation with sleep disorder and depression. This study shows that nursing intervention on women's sleep disorder and depression is needed and further research be done to verify the results.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2013

Alcohol has been used as sedatives historically. The effect of alcohol on sleep is different according to its dose, timing of ingestion, and drinking frequency. Sleep problems may play a role in the development and course of alcohol-related disorders. Insomnia in alcohol-dependent patients is common and early treatment of insomnia may reduce the rate of relapse. Sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, periodic limbs movement disorder, and altered circadian rhythm may be more frequent in this patients. Management of sleep and alcohol problems is important in treating alcohol-related disorder and sleep disorders, respectively.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2008

Tics are sudden, painless, nonrhythmic behaviors that are either motor or vocal. As to DSM- VI diagnostic criteria, chronic tic disorder is either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year. In this case, a male patient was diagnosed tics disorder at 8 years old. He has suffered for 15 years and his symptom was simple motor tics of neck, both arms and both legs, not vocal tics. So we diagnosed him as the chronic tic disorder. The severity score headache was assessed using the Visual Analog Scales. The severity score tics was assessed at baseline using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and we compared score of before with after treatment. We treated him with oriental medication( herbal medicine, acupuncture, cry cupping) and progressive muscle relaxation. After this treatment, chronic insomnia and extreme headache were disappeard and the symptoms of tics were mildly decreased.