• 제목/요약/키워드: insoluble residue

검색결과 43건 처리시간 0.025초

Soybean Curd Residue (Biji) as a Dietary Fiber Source in Cake

  • Kim, Yeoung-Ae
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.160-164
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    • 2000
  • The content of total dietary fiber in biji dried by hot air was 65.40%, and the percent of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber in total dietary fiber was 63.60% and 1.80%, respectively. In testing the feasibility of biji as a fiber source in cake, cakes were prepared with flour substituted with biji powder at the level of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The Hunter value showed that the crumb colors of the cakes with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder were significantly different from the control. The specific volume of the cake with 20% biji powder was significantly lower tan the other cakes. Cakes with 5%, 10% and 15% biji powder were les hard than the control after 10 days storage at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Sensory evaluations showed that their characteristics - crumb color, crumb texture, moistness, softness and overall preference - were significantly influenced by the replacement of flour with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder. However, there was no difference in softness and overall preference of the cake prepared with 5% replacement compared to the control.

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The Molecular Complexes (ⅩI). The Complexes of Toluidines and N-Methyltoluidines with Iodine in Carbon Tetrachloride$^*$

  • Lee, Dong-Choo;Lee, Ki-Chang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제1권3호
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    • pp.101-104
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    • 1980
  • A sequential copolypeptide with repeating unit sequences, in which a glycyl residue is flanked progressively by two ${\gamma}$-benzyl-L-glutamyl residues, has been synthesized by poymerizing p-nitrophenyl ester of ${\gamma}$-benzyl-L-glutamyl-${\gamma}$ -benzyl-L-gutamyl-glycine. Polymers obtained were characterized by viscosity and infra-red spectral data. The highest molecular weight obtained was 21,000. Molecular conformation in solid state was found to be a mixed form of and |${\beta}$-structure. Polymers obtained were insoluble in the most of the organic solvents except in a strong acid like dichloroacetic acid, but in binary mixtures of solvents such as dichloroacetic acid-ethylene dichloride or dichloroacetic acid-chloroform, they were soluble within certain ranges of solvent compositions.

Degradation Kinetics of Carbohydrate Fractions of Ruminant Feeds Using Automated Gas Production Technique

  • Seo, S.;Lee, Sang C.;Lee, S.Y.;Seo, J.G.;Ha, Jong K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.356-364
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    • 2009
  • The current ruminant feeding models require parameterization of the digestion kinetics of carbohydrate fractions in feed ingredients to estimate the supply of nutrients from a ration. Using an automated gas production technique, statistically welldefined digestion rate of carbohydrate, including soluble carbohydrate, can be estimated in a relatively easy way. In this study, the gas production during in vitro fermentation was measured and recorded by an automated gas production system to investigate degradation kinetics of carbohydrate fractions of a wide range of ruminant feeds: corn silage, rice straw, corn, soybean hull, soybean meal, and cell mass from lysine production (CMLP). The gas production from un-fractionated, ethanol insoluble residue and neutral detergent insoluble residue of the feed samples were obtained. The gas profiles of carbohydrate fractions on the basis of the carbohydrate scheme of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (A, B1, B2, B3 and C) were generated using a subtraction approach. After the gas profiles were plotted with time, a curve was fitted with a single-pool exponential equation with a discrete lag to obtain kinetic parameters that can be used as inputs for modern nutritional models. The fractional degradation rate constants (Kd) of corn silage were 11.6, 25.7, 14.8 and 0.8%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2 fractions, respectively. The values were statistically well estimated, assessed by high t-value (>12.9). The Kd of carbohydrate fractions in rice straw were 4.8, 21.1, 5.7 and 0.5%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2 fractions, respectively. Although the Kd of B2 fraction was poorly defined with a t-value of 4.4, the Kd of the other fractions showed tvalues higher than 21.9. The un-fractioned corn showed the highest Kd (18.2%/h) among the feeds tested, and the Kd of A plus B1 fraction was 18.7%/h. Soybean hull had a Kd of 6.0, 29.0, 3.8 and 13.8%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2, respectively. The large Kd of fraction B2 indicated that NDF in soybean hull was easily degradable. The t-values were higher than 20 except for the B1 fraction (5.7). The estimated Kd of soybean meal was 9.6, 24.3, 5.0%/h for un-fractioned, A and B1 fractions, respectively. A small amount of gas (5.6 ml at 48 ho of incubation) was produced from fermentation of CMLP which contained little carbohydrate. In summary, the automated gas production system was satisfactory for the estimation of well defined (t-value >12) kinetic parameters and Kd of soluble carbohydrate fractions of various feedstuffs that supply mainly carbohydrate. The subtraction approach, however, should be applied with caution for some concentrates, especially those which contain a high level of crude protein since nitrogen-containing compounds can interfere with gas production.

밀감과피로부터 식이섬유와 Bioflavonoid 정제 중 Fenitrothion 잔류분의 제거 (Elimination of Fenitrothion Residues during Dietary Fiber and Bioflavonoid Preparations from Mandarin Orange Peels)

  • 김윤경;이미경;이서래
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.223-229
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    • 1997
  • 밀감에 유기인계 농약인 fenitrothion 성분을 인위적으로 부착시킨 후, 밀감과피에서 식이섬유 및 bioflavonoid의 정제과정중 농약성분의 제거율을 실험하였다. 신선한 밀감과피로부터 정제된 총 식이섬유와 불용성 식이섬유 및 수용성 식이섬유의 수득율은 풍건물 기준으로 각각 17.4%, 13.1%, 1.7%로 나타났다. 밀감과피에 0.5 및 13 ppm의 fenitrothion 성분을 부착시킨 후, 과피의 마쇄, 효소처리, 에탄올 침전 및 여과, 아세톤 세척, 풍건 등을 거쳐 식이섬유를 정제하였을때, fenitrothion 성분의 제거율을 보면 각각 총식이섬유에서 98.4%, 91.9%, 불용성 식이섬유에서 99.7%, 97.1%, 그리고 수용성 식이섬유에서 100%, 99.6%로 나타났다. 밀감과피로 부터 마쇄, 열수추출, 에탄올 침전, hexane 및 butanol 추출 과정에 의한 bioflavonoid 정제 중 fenitrothion 잔류분의 제거율은 중간추출물에서 92.7%, 최종추출물에서는 100%로 나타났다. 결론적으로 밀감과피에 잔류하는 fenitrothion 성분은 식이섬유와 bioflavonoid의 정제 중에 그의 대부분이 제거되는 것으로 판단된다.

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Dehydrocoupling of Bis(silyl)alkylbenzenes to Network Polysilanes, Catalyzed by Group 4 Metallocene Combination

  • 김명희;이준;무수용;김종현;고영춘;우희권
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2010
  • Bis(silyl)alkylbenzenes such as bis(1-sila-sec-butyl)benzene (1) and 2-phenyl-1,3-disilapropane (2) were synthesized in high yields by the reduction of the corresponding chlorosilanes with $LiAlH_4$ in diethyl ether. The dehydrocoupling of 1 and 2 was performed using group IV metallocene complexes generated in situ from $Cp_2MCl_2$/Red-Al and $Cp_2MCl_2$/n-BuLi (M = Ti, Hf), producing two phases of polymers. The TGA residue yields of the insoluble polymers were in the range of 64-74%. The molecular weights of the soluble polymers produced ranged from 700 to 5000 ($M_w$ vs polystyrene using GPC) and from 500 to 900 ($M_w$ vs polystyrene using GPC). The dehydropolymerization of 1 and 2 seemed to initially produce a low-molecular-weight polymer, which then underwent an extensive cross-linking reaction of backbone Si-H bonds, leading to an insoluble network polymer.

천잠 cecropin-A 유전자 클로닝 및 재조합 발현 (Cloning and functional expression of a cecropin-A gene from the Japanese oak silkworm, Antheraea yamamai)

  • 김성렬;최광호;김성완;구태원;황재삼
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2014
  • 면역 유도된 천잠(Antheraea yamamai) 유충에서 cecropin-A 유전자를 분리하였고 이 유전자를 Ay-CecA로 명명하였다. 전체 Ay-CecA cDNA 크기는 419 bp로 64개의 아미노산 잔기를 인코딩하는 195 bp ORF로 구성되어 있다. 천잠 CecA 유전자는 22개 잔기의 signal peptide, 4개 잔기의 propeptide 및 항균활성을 갖는 37개 잔기로 구성된 성숙 단백질(mature protein) 영역으로 구성되고 예상 분자량은 4046.81 Da으로 산출되었다. 천잠 CecA의 아미노산 서열은 다른 나비목 곤충에서 분리된 cecropin와 매우 높은 상동성(62 ~ 78%)을 나타냈다. Ay-CecA 유전자의 C말단에 기존에 보고된 곤충의 cecropin에서와 동일하게 C말단 아미드화를 위한 glycine 잔기가 존재하고 있다. 이 펩타이드의 항균활성을 검정하기 위해서 대장균 발현 시스템을 이용하여 활성이 있는 재조합 Ay-CecA 발현에 성공하였다. 발현 기주인 대장균에 대한 재조합 CecA 독성 중화를 위해서 불용성 단백질인 ketosteroid isomerase(KSI) 유전자를 CecA 유전자와 융합하였다. 융합 CecA-KSI 단백질은 대부분 불용성 단백질로 발현되었다. 발현된 융합단백질은 Ni-NTA immobilized metal affinity chromatography(IMAC)에 의해서 정제하였으며 CNBr 반응을 통하여 재조합 CecA를 절단하여 용출하였다. 최종적으로 양이온 교환 chromatography 과정을 통하여 CecA를 순수 정제하였다. 정제된 재조합 Ay-CecA는 그람음성균인 E. cori ML 35, Klebsiella pneumonia 및 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 대해 매우 높은 항균활성을 나타냈었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 높은 항균활성 지닌 CecA는 천잠의 면역 반응에서 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 사료된다.

유통한약 품질규격 모니터링 연구 (Quality monitoring of Oriental medicines)

  • 김호경;천진미;이아영;이혜원;최지현;장설;고병섭
    • 한국한의학연구원논문집
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.155-165
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    • 2005
  • This study was investigated to determine the quality control of Oriental medicine from stores dealing in Oriental medicine around Seoul and Daegu. We tested total 120 samples that widely used 15 species in herbal medicine (Lycii Fructus, Platycodi Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix and 12 others) being collected from Oriental medicine clinic, pharmacy, Oriental pharmacy, Oriental medical hospital and Oriental drug store. We have estimated Oriental medicine by K.P. (Korean Pharmacopoeia), K.H.P(Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia) and announcement of KFDA. The items of examination were identification, purity, loss on drying, ash, acid insoluble ash, extract content, essential oil content, assay, heavy metal limit, and pesticides residue(BHC, DDT, Aldrin, Endrin, Dieldrin). As a result, 20 samples in total 120 samples were not satisfied with the standard and 7 species in total 15 species were not satisfied with the standard. Identification test, extract content test and pesticides residue(BHC, DDT, Aldrin, Endrin, Dieldrin) were satisfied with the standard. The result will be the basic data for the quality control of Oriental medicine.

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Bacillus sp. CW-1121이 생성하는 단백 분해 효소를 이용한 참깨박 단백질의 용출 (Extraction of protein from defatted sesame meal using the enzyme from Bacillus sp. CW-1121)

  • 최청;천성숙;조영제
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 1993
  • 참깨박에 함유되어 있는 불용성 형태의 단백질을 가용성 형태의 단백질로 용출시키기 위하여 Bacillus sp. CW-1121이 생성하는 효소를 작용시켰다. 이때 참깨박의 단백질 용출을 위한 최적 pH는 7.5였으며, 최적 온도는 $40^{\circ}C$였고 최적 조건하에서 2시간의 소화로 약 60%의 용해도를 보였다. 단백질의 용해도는 참깨 단백질이 pH4.5에서 가장 낮아 등전점을 보였고, pH3.0과 pH6.0 이상에서는 크게 증가하였다. 효소처리 참깨박 단백질을 전기영동한 결과 수용성 단백질은 4개, 염용성 단백질은 2개의 밴드가 관찰되었다. 분리 단백의 아미노산 조성은 수용성 단백질의 경우 serine이 17.24 mg/g, 염용성 단백질은 glutamic acid가 10.77 mg/g, 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid가 6.55 mg/g으로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며 특히 필수아미노산의 조성도 상당히 좋은 편이었다.

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Bacillus sp. CW-1121이 생성하는 효소를 처리한 참깨박 단백질의 기능성 (Functional properties of protein from defatted sesame meal using the enzyme from Bacillus sp. CW-1121)

  • 최청;천성숙;조영제
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.172-177
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    • 1993
  • 참깨박에 함유되어 있는 불용성 형태의 단백질을 Bacillus sp. CW-1121이 생성하는 효소를 이용하여 가용성 형태의 단백질로 용출시키기 위하여 효소를 작용시켰다. 효소 처리 참깨박 단백질의 기포 형성력은 염용성 단백질이 수용성 단백질에 비해 현저히 낮았다. 기포 안정성은 염용성 단백질이 10분 이내 크게 감소된 반면 수용성 단백질의 기포 안정성은 30분 까지 완만하게 감소하였다. 유화력은 각 단백질의 등전점 부근에서 가장 낮았으며, 염용성 단백질이 수용성 단백질에 비해 낮았다 유화 안정성은 유화력과 비슷한 크기로 나타나 $80^{\circ}C$에서의 30분 가열에서도 이들 단백질이 열에 안정함을 보였다. 유지 및 수분 흡착력은 염용성 단백질이 수용성 단백질 보다 높은 값을 나타내었다.

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Characterization and distribution of phenolics in carrot cell walls

  • Kang, Yoon-Han
    • 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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    • pp.134.1-134
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and other compounds from cell wall materials(CWM) and their cellulose fraction from carrot with chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. To investigate this effect on cell wall chemistry of carrot, alcohol insoluble residue(AIR) of CWM were prepared and were extracted sequentially with water, imidazole, CDTA(-1, -2), Na$_2$CO$_3$(-1, -2), KOH(0.5, 1.0 and 4M), to leave a residue. These were analysed for their carbohydrate and phenolic acids composition. Arabinose and galactose were the main noncellulosic sugars. Phenolics esterified to cell walls in carrot were found to consist primarily of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with minor contribution from vanillin, ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid was quite strongly bound to the cell wall. The contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in 0.5M KOH, Na$_2$CO$_3$-2, IM KOH, and ${\alpha}$-cellulose were 2,097, 1,360, 1,140, and 717 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g AIR from CWM, respectively. Alkali labile unknown aromatic compound(C$\sub$7/H$\sub$10/O$_2$) was found in ${\alpha}$ -cellulose hydrolyzate digested with driselase and cellulase. This compound was also found in hydrolyzate of 2 M trifluoroacetic acid at 120$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Driselase treatment solubilized only 46.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid from carrot AIR. These results indicate that p-hydroxybenzoic acid was associated with neutral polysaccharides, long chain galactose and branched arabinan from graded alcohol precipitation.

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