• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 1998

Chemical composition of the insoluble residue in a simulated spent PWR fuel(SIMRJEL) were studied. SIMFUELS were prepared by adding calculated amount of FP(fission product) elements with a burnup of 3.6% FIMA(fission per initial metal atom) to uranium in nitrate solution, evaporating the mixed solution to dryness, calcining at 90$0^{\circ}C$ in a stream of 4% H$_2$ + 96% He, and heating the pellet at 140$0^{\circ}C$ under high and low oxygen potentials. Insoluble residue was obtained from the dissolution of the SIMFUEL with HNO$_3$(1 : 1). The chemical composition of the SIMFUELs and the insoluble residues was determined by EPMA(electron probe microanalysis), XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and by XRD (X-ray diffraction) measurements. All of the insoluble residues suspended and precipitated were composed mainly of Mo, Ru with a small amount of Zr, Rh, Pd and Cd. The amount of insoluble residue(<1 wt.%) and a Mo/Ru ratio decreased with increasing oxygen potential. Formation of the zirconium molybdate precipitate, ZrMo$_2$O$_{7}$(OH)$_2$($H_2O$)$_2$, was observed in the residues. The possible role of Mo on the phase formation was discussed in regard to oxygen potential.l.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1996

We examined the effects of crude hemicellulose, alcohol-insoluble hemicellulose, high molecular weight soluble polysaccharide (HMS-P : MW>10 kDa) and low molecular weight souble polysaccharide (LMS-P : MW<10 kDa) fraction isolated from buckwheat (raw, roast and steam) on digestive enzyme activity in vitro. The enzyme activities were measured after the polysaccharides-enzyme mixtures were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. Crude hemicellulose, alcohol-insoluble hemicellulose and residue lowered ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, whereas HMS-P and LMS-P had no inhibitory effect. All polysaccharides except LMS-P lowered lipase activity. Crude hemicellulose, alcohol-insoluble hemicellulose, residue and HMS-P showed a marked decrease of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity but LMS-P showed a slight decrease of them.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 2020

This study aimed to recover native gold from the concentrate using microwave-nitric acid leaching and magnetic/hydro separation experiments. The insoluble-residue was filtered from leaching solution through microwave-nitric acid leaching experiment. As a result of the atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS) analysis of the filtered leaching solution, it was discovered that Au content was not eluted at all and it was observed from the back scattered electron(BSE) image that native gold was liberated in the insoluble-residue. When magnetic/hydro separation experiments were applied for the insoluble-residue, magnetic and non magnetic minerals were separtated from insoluble-residue. Magnetite was recovered from the magnetic minerals and as a result of applying the hydro separation experiment again for the non-magnetic mineral, native gold was recovered. The native gold was identified through the X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis and BSE image.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.326-334
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• 1996

We investigated the optimum conditions for conversion of water-insoluble components of basidiocarps of Ganoderma lucidum to water-soluble components by hydrolyzing with chitinase. We also tried it with Ganoderma luciclum residue remaining after extracting hot water-soluble components of Ganoderma lucidum. After hydrolyzing under optimum conditions (20 ppm chitinase, 2% Ganoderma lucidum or 6% Ganoderma lucidum residue, at pH 3 and at $ 35^{\circ}C$), the contents of total water-soluble components (polysaccharide or protein) were measured, and it was found that the contents of water-soluble components increased to 1.5-2.7 fold. Michaelis constant, $K_m$ and maximum rate, $V_max$ calculated by Lineweaver-Burk plot for hydrolysis of Ganoderma lucidum were 1.75% and 0.02%/min respectively and those for hydrolysis of Ganoderma lucidum residue were 53.15% and 0.53%/min respectively The protein-bound polysaccharide was isolated after hydrolysis and molecular weights were measured by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration and compared with the molecular weights of polysaccharide before hydrolysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.860-865
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• 1995

This study was conducted to extract and isolate the polysaccharides from buckwheat. Also the sugar composition of the polysaccharides was investigated. The soluble and indigestible polysaccharides were isolated from supernatant and residue after enzyme treatment of raw, roast and steam buckwheat. The yields of low molecular weight soluble polysaccharides(LMS-P: MW<10 Kda) and high molecular weight soluble polysaccharides(HMS-P: MW>10 Kda) were $74.9{\sim}84.2%$ and $5.5{\sim}9.4%$, respectively. The yields of indigestible polysaccharides were low molecular weight insoluble polysaccharides; $0.8{\sim}4.2%$, crude hemicellulose; $3.2{\sim}9.6%$, alcohol insoluble hemicellulose; $0.9{\sim}1.7%$, residue; $2.0{\sim}2.4%$, respectively. The free sugars were detected in the soluble polysaccharides and low molecular weight insoluble polysaccharides but were not detected in the crude hemicellulose, alcohol insoluble hemicellulose and residue. The protein of all fraction were detected and the content was $1.0{\sim}18.9%$. The main sugar of soluble polysaccharides was glucose and the indigestible polysaccharides were composed of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose and galactose.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.428-433
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• 2009

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) was prepared from cotton linter and pulps which contain various contents of $\alpha$-cellulose. CTA which contains 2.8 of degree of substitution (DS) and 222 of degree of polymerization (DP) was obtained from V-81 pulp under the heterogeneous system. The DS was measured by the titration method, and the DP was obtained by measurement of viscosity. FT-IR spectometer (FT-IR 6300, JASCO) was used to analyze the chemical structure of raw materials and cellulose triacetate, and X-ray diffractometer (X-pert MPD PW3040, Philips) was used to confirm the crystal structure and to calculate the relative crystallinity index (RCI). As $\alpha$-cellulose content in pulp increased, the acetylation yield increased. Besides with a kind of pulp, it contains insoluble residue which was mainly formed due to the formation of glucomannan triacetate and xylan diacetate during the esterification.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.858-860
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• 2011

Production of biosurfactant can be substantially increased by the addition of precursors like vegetable oils, petroleum products, and other water-insoluble substances. Pseudomonas Ptm+ strain produces biosurfactant in the presence of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), which specifically emulsifies HCH, a recalcitrant organochlorine pesticide. Addition of previously produced crude biosurfactant by the same organism as a precursor instead of HCH increased production of biosurfactants with a decrease in the total fermentation time from 32 to 24 h. The main objective of this paper was to find alternatives for HCH as an inducer.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1997

Mandarin orange fruits were artificially contaminated with an organophosphorus insecticide phenthoate by dipping and the residue level of phenthoate was investigated during the purification steps of dietary fiber or bioflavonoid. The removal rate of phenthoate at 8 and 0.5 ppm levels was 98% in the total dietary fiber, 99% in the insoluble dietary fiber and 99.8% in the soluble dietary fiber preparations. Kuring the preparation of biflavonoid from peels at a 5 ppm pesticide level, the removal rate was 90% in the intermediate extract and 99.9% in the final extract. In conclusion, phenthoate residues in the peels of mandarin orange were mostly removed during the preparation processes of dietary fiber of bioflavonoid and its residue level would not raise any problem in safety aspects of the purified products.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1980

Red ginseng was extracted with water and analyzed for yield, saponin, pectin and other chemical composition. It was found that: (1) The total solid content in extract after 6 times of extraction was 46.8%,: including 13.6% of centrifugal residue; (2) 83.7% of total extractable solids and 86% total saponin was extracted after the initial three runs of extraction. (3) No significant changes were observed in HPLC pattern of extracted saponins over a range of extractions; (4) The ratio of centrifugal residue to total solids increased as the number of extractions increased; (5) The ratios of fat, protein, reducing sugar and pectin contents decreased with repeating extraction while those of crude fiber, total sugar and 35% alcohol insoluble residue increased when they were compared with total solids.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.380-384
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• 2006

Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32) were fed a diet containing basal (control), cellulose (5%), or alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) (5%) extracted from the stem and root barks of elm (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai) for 4 weeks. The effects of the diets, on gastrointestinal functions and morphology were evaluated. The weight gains, food intake, and food efficiencies for the cellulose and AIR diet-fed groups were not significantly different from those of the AIR-free (basal) diet. The gastrointestinal transit times of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the basal diet, and were slower than those of the cellulose diet. The fecal weights of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly increased (p<0.01) up to 4-fold compared to those of the basal diet. The height of the mucosal villi, and mucosal and muscle layer thicknesses of the colon were greater and more developed in the stem and root bark AIR diets (p<0.01) than in the basal diet. The villus heights in the jejunum and the colon mucosal goblet cells were more developed in the order of cellulose > stem bark AIR > root bark AIR diets.