• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1997

Mandarin orange fruits were artificially contaminated with an organophosphorus insecticide phenthoate by dipping and the residue level of phenthoate was investigated during the purification steps of dietary fiber or bioflavonoid. The removal rate of phenthoate at 8 and 0.5 ppm levels was 98% in the total dietary fiber, 99% in the insoluble dietary fiber and 99.8% in the soluble dietary fiber preparations. Kuring the preparation of biflavonoid from peels at a 5 ppm pesticide level, the removal rate was 90% in the intermediate extract and 99.9% in the final extract. In conclusion, phenthoate residues in the peels of mandarin orange were mostly removed during the preparation processes of dietary fiber of bioflavonoid and its residue level would not raise any problem in safety aspects of the purified products.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.513-524
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• 1993

mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effects of $\beta$-glucan remain unclear. Rats were divided into 3 groups ; normal control group, atherogenic group(oral administration of cholesterol 40 mg/kg/day plus vit. $D_2$ 320,000 IU/kg/day), $\beta$-glucan treatment group(atherogenic treatment plus $\beta$-glucan 0.135 g/kg/day). The $\beta$-glucan treatment group showed moderate increases of serum lipids concentration compared with atherogenic group. In histopathological examination, aortas showed no critical lesions. The total fecal neutral sterols and bile acids excreted for 6 days was increased compared with both normal and atherogenic group. To compare effects of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber extracted from barley on postprandial lipemia, 5 healthy male adults ingested on separate days a low-fiber(total dietary fiber 2.61g) control meal or dietary fiber-enriched(12.61g) meals. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were obtained for 6.5h and serum lipids were analyzed. The serum total lipids, total cholesterols, LDL & VLDL-cholesterol were markedly reduced with soluble fiber-enriched meals, but no decrease with insoluble fiber-enriched meals. These results suggest that mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of $\beta$-glucan on rats were due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestinal lumen and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. And the soluble dietary fiber($\beta$-glucan) has the hypocholesterolemic effect by dropping serum LDL & VLDL-cholesterol in the clinical study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.539-549
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• 1996

Large bowel cancer correlates tightly to dietary factors such as dietary fiber and fat. Dietary fiber prevents the large bowel cancer in different modes of action which depend upon physicochemical and fermentable properties. Water-soluble fiber is fermented easily by intestinal microbes producing short chain fatty acids ; in contrast, water-insoluble fiber occurs effectively more rapid transit time due to greater bulk of gut content, though it is unfermentable. Not only short chain fatty acid is utilized in the proximal and distal colon as primary energy source, but also it lowers pH in the colon to normalize cellular differentiation and helps to stimulate peri staltic movement by acting as an osmotic laxative. In particular, butyric acid may also regulate gene expression and cell growth, though it is an important respiratory fuel for the colonocyte. Since dietary fiber and non-digestible oligosaccharides are the major source of butyric acid, this provides a possible link between dietary fiber and oligosaccharide and prevention of large bowel cancer. But, as with many links between dietary fiber and large bowel cancer, a direct casual association has not been established. In addition, RDA of dietary fiber which is 20~25g/day for adult Japanese, appears to be reasonable for the defecation once daily and the prevention of large bowel cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.809-822
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• 1998

Retarding effects of the dietary fibers from persimmon peels (PTDF ; total dietary fibers, PIDF ; insoluble dietary fibers, PSDF ; soluble dietary fibers) and dried jujubes (JTDF ; total dietary fibers, JIDF ; insoluble dietary fibers, JSDF ; soluble dietary fibers) on glucose, bile acid and cadmium transport were evaluated by in vitro dialysis sack method. These effects were compared with those of commerical citrus pectin, CM-cellulose (CMC) and $\alpha$-cellulose. Yields of PTDF, PIDF and PSDF on wet weight basis were 14.04% , 11.61%, 1.76%, respectively, and those from dried jujubes were 14.80%, 9.98% and 2.80%, respectively. The amount of soluble fibers in JTDF was higher than PTDF. Soluble fibers had the retarding effects on glucose transport but insoluble fibers did not have. CM-cellulose showed the greatest retarding effect, which was followed by citrus pectin and JSDF. Among the soluble fibers, PSDF had the lowest retardig effect. Retarding effect of TDF was dependent upon the amount of SDF in TDF. Regarding bile acid dialysis , insoluble dietary fibers as well as soluble dietary fibers showed the retarding effects, among which JSDF had the greatest retarding effects, among which JSDF had the greatest retarding effect, followed by citrus pectin. Among the extracted fibers, dietary fibers from dried jujubes were more effective than these from persimmon peels, and SDF seemed to show higher retarding effects than IDF and TDF. On cadmium transport retardation , all dietary fibers except $\alpha$-cellulose had the retarding effects and PSDF showed the greatest effect which was followed by PIDF and CMC, The extracted fibers showed higher retarding effect on Cd transport than glucose and bile acid transport, and dietary fibers from persimmon peels showed higher retarding effects than those from dried jujubes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 2009

The dietary fiber and crude fiber contents of different thallus regions (blade, stipe, and holdfast) in three brown algae (Laminaria japonica, Ecklonia stolonifera, and E. cava) were detennined at different ages, and then compared with one another. On a dry matter basis, the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content was highest ($10.8{\pm}0.5%$) in the holdfast of 2-year old L. japonica, and the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), total dietary fiber (TDF), and crude fiber (CF) contents were highest in the holdfast of 2-year old E. cava at $44.5{\pm}0.7%$, $50.2{\pm}0.5%$, $6.8{\pm}0.7%$, respectively. The IDF, TDF, and CF contents of these three species were measured in the following order: holdfast > stipe > blade, and the SDF contents of L. japonica exhibited the reverse of this trend. The TDF/CF ratio of 1-year old L. japonica, E. stolonifera, and E. cava was greater than was observed in the corresponding 2-year old samples. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report demonstrating that the holdfasts of L. japonica, E. stolonifera, and E. cava are rich in dietary fiber contents, especially IDF, TDF, and CF.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fibers from the whole foods on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of cereal(rice bran), vegetables(Korean cabbage, radish), fruit(apple), and sea weeds(laver, sea tangle). Each of fiber sources was mixed into the diet to make the 5% level of total dietary fiber. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 8 groups : FF, CC, CE, V1, V2, ER, S1, and S2. The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 4 weeks. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. The laver group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. The Korean cabbage group showed the highest level in the serum HDL cholesterol. The longest transit time was observed in the fiber free group and the shortest transit time was observed in the sea tangle group. Absorption rates of calcium were especially lower in the Korean cabbage and the sea tangle groups than the other groups. Magnesium and phosphorus absorption rates were influenced by SDF(Soluble Dietary Fiber) intake and TDF(Total Dietary Fiber) intake, respectively. Mucosa weight in the small intestine showed the tendency to increase by increasing of IDF (Insoluble Dietary Fiber) intake. especially the Korean cabbage group was the heaviest. The activity of maltase in the mucosa of small intestine was the lowest in the radish group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 1995

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of cereal fiber on lipid concentration of liver and serum in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180$\pm$4g were divided into five groups by completely randomized block design : R, BR, B, W, and F. Each group fed a diet containing 0.7% cholesterol and a kind of cereal among rice(R), brown rice(BR), barley(B), whole wheat(W), and wheat flour(F) for 5 weeks. The results were summarized as follow : 1) Food intake. weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly different among the groups. 2) Fecal wet weight and dry weight were significantly higher in W group which fed the most amount of IDF(insoluble dietary fiber). 3) The weight of large intestine was significantly heavier in the W group compared to the others. But the weights of liver, stomach and small intestine were not significantly different among the groups. 4) Total lipid. triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) content in liver were significantly different among the groups. The values were the lowest in the B group whose intake of SDF(soluble dietary fiber) was the highest 5) TC content in serum was not significantly different among the groups. TG content in serum was significantly lower in the rest groups than in the R group. HDL-c and free-c content in serum were significantly higher in the B group than in the rest groups. HDL-c/LDL-c, free-c/ester-c ratio were the highest in the B group but not significant. Above results show that the dietary fiber contained in cereals has physiological effects and they are different depending on fractions, IDF and SDF.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1048-1058
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was to investigate the extraction conditions of dietary fiber from dried cassava pulp (DCP) and cassava distiller's dried grains (CDG) under different NaOH concentrations, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to determine the dietary fiber components. Methods: The dried samples (DCP and CDG) were treated with various concentrations of NaOH at levels of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% using a completely randomized design with 4 replications of each. After extraction, the residual DCP and CDG dietary fiber were dried in a hot air oven at 55℃ to 60℃. Finally, the oven dried extracted dietary fiber was powdered to a particle size of 1 mm. Both extracted dietary fibers were analyzed for their chemical composition and determined by FTIR. Results: The DCP and CDG treated with NaOH linearly or quadratically or cubically (p<0.05) increased the total dietary fiber (TDF) and insoluble fiber (IDF). The optimal conditions for extracting dietary fiber from DCP and CDG were under treatment with 6% and 4% NaOH, respectively, as these conditions yielded the highest TDF and IDF contents. These results were associated with the FTIR spectra integration for a semi-quantitative analysis, which obtained the highest cellulose content in dietary fiber extracted from DCP and CDG with 6% and 4% NaOH solution, respectively. The principal component analysis illustrated clear separation of spectral distribution in cassava pulp extracted dietary fiber (DFCP) and cassava distiller's dried grains extracted dietary fiber (DFCDG) when treated with 6% and 4% NaOH, respectively. Conclusion: The optimal conditions for the extraction of dietary fiber from DCP and CDG were treatment with 6% and 4% NaOH solution, respectively. In addition, FTIR spectroscopy proved itself to be a powerful tool for fiber identification.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2000

The content of total dietary fiber in biji dried by hot air was 65.40%, and the percent of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber in total dietary fiber was 63.60% and 1.80%, respectively. In testing the feasibility of biji as a fiber source in cake, cakes were prepared with flour substituted with biji powder at the level of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The Hunter value showed that the crumb colors of the cakes with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder were significantly different from the control. The specific volume of the cake with 20% biji powder was significantly lower tan the other cakes. Cakes with 5%, 10% and 15% biji powder were les hard than the control after 10 days storage at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Sensory evaluations showed that their characteristics - crumb color, crumb texture, moistness, softness and overall preference - were significantly influenced by the replacement of flour with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder. However, there was no difference in softness and overall preference of the cake prepared with 5% replacement compared to the control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.311-322
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• 2017

This study examined the traditional edible basis and ingredients of Song-gi used for Pyeon of Jong-ga ancestral ritual food. Through an investigation of references, a case study, and ingredient analysis for traditional edible basis of Song-gi, the nutritional value and availability as food material were reviewed. Among the 4 kinds of pine trees from 4,705 types of edible materials usable as food listed in the ${\ll}$Korea Food Standards Codex${\gg}$, 'Pinus radiata D. Don', in which the husk is acknowledged as an edible food, was applied in this study. This study processed the Song-gi following the method of jong-ga and divided into pine inner bark (PIB) and pine inner bark powder (PIBP) to analyze the general composition and dietary fiber. The main composition of PIB was carbohydrate, in which the content was 88.7% per 100 g. The content of dietary fiber was 73.7% per 100 g and the insoluble dietary fiber reached 92.3% in total dietary fiber. In conclusion, the edibility of Song-gi, which has a considerable amount of insoluble dietary fiber caused constipation because it absorbed the moisture in the intestine due to the lack of nutrients but may be developed as a functional food that helps the digestive activation of the intestine and improve the health of the intestine if taken with balanced nutrition.