• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.579-585
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• 2013

잔류성유기오염물질(POPs)은 환경에 잔류하며, 먹이 사슬을 통해 축적되고, 인간의 건강과 환경에 악영향을 일으키는 화학물질이다. 잔류성 유기 오염 물질은 열에 안정적이고, 친유화성, 불용성의 물질이며, 생식, 성장 및 내분비 기능에 면역독성 및 발암성 부작용 등 다양한 유해 영향을 일으킬 수 있다. 폴리브롬화디페닐에테르(PBDEs)는 방염제로 사용되는 유기브롬 화합물이다. 독성 및 잔류성으로 인해 일부 PBDE 생산품은 주요 POPs를 관리하고 단계적으로 제한하는 스톡홀름 협약에 의해 제한되었다. 본 연구에서는 잔류성유기오염물질의 농도분포를 조사하기 위해 시화산업단지의 여러 사이트에서 PBDEs를 측정하였다. 하우스더스트 샘플에서 PBDEs의 농도수준은 0.722~44.024 ng/g-dry로 나타났으며, PBDEs 동족체 중 BDE-209가 모든 지역에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. BDE-209의 농도는 총 PBDEs의 80.0 % 이상으로 나타났다. 대상 지역의 여러 사이트에서 고분자 PBDEs는 저분자 PBDEs 보다 높게 측정되었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.455-460
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• 1994

새로운 합성 시약 nocotinaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone(NPS)을 이용하여 Hg(II)의 추출 흡광광도 정량법을 검토하여 미량 Hg(II)의 최적 정량조건을 확립하였다. Hg(II)-NPS 착물은 pH가 3.0~10까지 넓은 범위에서 선택성을 가진 안정된 착물을 형성하며, chloroform을 추출용매로 사용하여 365nm에서 측정한 몰흡광계수는 $2.45{\times}10^4L\;mol^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$이며, Hg(II)의 농도가 $0.2{\sim}18{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$까지 Beer의 법칙을 만족하였다. 또한 본 분석법을 이용하여 두발(표준시료) 중의 수은을 분석하여 양호한 결과를 얻었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2006

To investigate anti-HIV-1 activity of water soluble chitosans, sulfated chitosan derivatives were prepared in mild condition. Various sulfated chitosan derivatives (N-3,6-O-S-chitosan, N-desulfated 3,6-O-S-chitosan, 3,6-O-S-chitin, and 3,6-O-sulfated-N-(o-carboxybenzoyl) chitosan) were synthesized with sulfurtrioxidepyridene complex in pyridine solvent. Characterization of the sulfated chitosan derivatives was carried out by $^{13}C$ NMR and IR spectroscopies. To observe ionic reaction properties, pKas of the sulfated chitosan derivatives and chitosan of low molecular weight were estimated by potentiometric titration. The sulfated chitosan derivatives had high water solubility, pKas (pKa : 7.7) of N-3,6-O-S-chitosan and N-desulfated 3,6-O-S-chitosan were increased than pKa of water insoluble chitosan (pKa : 6.2), These results suggest the participation of electrostatic interaction of amino and sulfate groups on the sulfated chitosans. Anti-HIV-1 drugs, such as AZT, ddC, and ddI for anti-HIV activity had higher selective index compared with SCB-chitosan but N-3,6-O-S-chitosan has shown higher selective index compared with ddC and ddI as HIV drugs.. These results suggest that sulfated chitosan derivatives were expected as an anti-HIV drug with differential driving force mechanism against some nucleoside analogs drug in the future.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

The effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing and dye fastness, and mechanical properties of hair was investigated in this study when the carotinoid dyestuffs extracted from African Marigold(Tagetes erecta L.) were applied to the hair. The sequences of the chitosan treatment were changed in dyeing and mordanting procedures, i.e., pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. While the effect of chitosan application on the color shade change was not significant, the pre-treatment of the chitosan increased the dye uptake. Discoloration and fading was observed in the lightfastness test when chitosan was mid-treated. Alkali perspiration and acid perspiration fastness test results showed that chitosan post-treatment gave lower tendency. Washing fastness results showed that chitosan post-treatment and mid-treatment gave lower values, which indicates that chitosan deters the direct formation of insoluble complex among fiber-dyestuff-mordant. In the mechanical characteristics results, however, initial modulus and breaking strength increased significantly in the post-treatment and pre-treatment of chitosan.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.414-419
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• 1975

六鹽化 텅스텐(WCl6)을 여러가지 有機溶媒 속에서 리간드로서 옥신과 아닐린 및 피리딘을 각각 반응시켜서 不溶性인 텅스텐 錯化合物을 合成하였다. Dichloromethane과 DMF와 같이 서로 성질이 다른 溶媒속에서의 옥신 錯物을 合成해 보면 溶媒에 따라서 다른 錯物이 生成되었다. 아닐린의 錯物은 dichloromethane溶媒에서 合成되고 피리딘의 錯物은 아세톤溶液에서 合成되었다. 元素分析과 赤外線 스펙트럼 및 熱分析結果 錯化合物들은 組成이$[WCl_2(Hox)_2]와\;[WO_2(Ox)_2],[WCl_3A_3]\;및\;[WO_2ClPy]$임을 알아냈다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.206-212
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• 1984

The effect of saponin fractions of Panax ginseng root on the interactions of human plasma lipoproteins and lecithin dispersions with dextran sulfate were studied in order to examine the effect of Panax ginseng on the lipid accumulation in the aorta. The total saponin fraction and protopanaxadiol glycosides of Panax ginseng root seemed to slightly enhance the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate in the absence of divalent metal ions. Protopanaxatriol glycosides remarkably inhibited the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate. However, all of these three saponin fractions of Panax ginseng root showed the tendency of inhibition to the interaction of high density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate in the presence of divalent metal ions by the order of protopanxatriol glycosides, protopanaxadiol glycosides and total saponin. Three saponin fractions of Panax ginseng exerted almost same tendency to the interaction of lecithin dispersions with dextran sulfate in the presence of divalent metal ions as the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate absence of divalent metal ions.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2000

Determination of Aconitum alkaloids in processed Buza (Cho-0, Salted Buza, Moist-heating Buza, Limed Buza), which had been prepared from the raw tubers of Aconitum chiisanenseb(Ranunculaceae), was established using visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method especially for Aconitine analysis. Aconitum alkloids were reacted with tetra- thiocy-anatocobalt[II] complex ion to form a stable ion pair. The reaction product was insoluble in water but freely soluble in several organic solvents. 1.2-Dichloroethane was the best extracting solvent among the examined solvents. Spectrophotometry of Aconitum alkaloids at nax. 625 was carried out. The HPLC method for aconitine was carried out using Radial PAK-CN column with gradient solvent system by solvent mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 254 nm. Linear relationship was found between absorbance response and concentration of aconitine in range of 0.45 mM~0.9 mM ($r^2$=0.9949) by spectrophotometry and 0.3 mM~1.2mM($r^2$=0.9983) by HPLC method. These methods have been found to be suitable and reproducible for routine analysis of Aconitum alkaloids and its pharmaceutical preparations.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제68권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2024

This paper presents the solid-state synthesis of insoluble Prussian blue (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃·xH₂O, PB) in a ball mill, utilizing the fundamental components of PB. Solid-state synthesis offers several advantages, such as being solvent-free, quantitative, and easily scalable for industrial production. Traditionally, the solid-state synthesis of PB has been limited to the reaction between iron(II/III) ions and hexacyanoferrate(II/III) complex ions, essentially an extension of the solution-based coprecipitation method to solid-state reaction. Taking a bottom-up approach, a reaction is designed where the reactants consist of the basic building blocks of PB: Fe²⁺ ions and CN^- ions. The reaction, with a molar ratio of Fe²⁺ and CN^- corresponding to 1:2.8, yields PB, while a ratio of 1:6.6 results in a mixture of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) (K₄Fe(CN)₆), potassium chloride (KCl), and potassium cyanide (KCN). This synthetic approach holds promise for environmentally friendly methods to synthesize multimetallic PB with maximum entropy in nearly quantitative yield.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.265-286
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• 1997

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) are a group of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-${\beta}$)-related factors and multifunctional proteins, especially the only known biologic factors capable of inducing endochondral bone formation at an extraskeletal site. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the partially purified porcine BMP(pBMP) at an ectopic site. PBMP was partially purified from porcine bone matrix and its activity was monitored by an in vivo bioassay. The purification method utilized extraction of the bone-inducing activity with 4M guanidine, followed by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. Active fractions were assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. And the fractions were reconstituted with inactive insoluble collagenous bone matrix from rats, acid soluble type I collagen from rat tail and chondroitin-6-sulfate sodium salt and implanted into the pectroralis muscle pouches of Sprague-Dawley rats. And the carrier complex was implanted on the opposite side as control. The rats were sacrificed at the day of 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st after implantation and examined histologically, radiologically and biochemically. And alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were used as indices of bone formation. The results were as follows ; 1. Active fractions were localized in a zone between 31 and 40 KDa on SDS-PAGE. 2. The implanted 3.0mg of the partially purified pBMP induced cartilage and bone in the muscle tissue of rats through an endochondral ossification process. 3. Inactive insoluble bone matrix, type I collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate have functioned as carriers for pBMP, but revealed some foreign body reactions. 4. Soft X-ray didn't reveal significant change between the experimental and the control group. 5. The alkaline phosphatase activities in the experimental group of 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01) with the peak in the group of 11th day. 6. With time, the calcium content of the experimental group increased. And the calcium contents in the experimental group of 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01).

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.10-23
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• 2001

생성을 목적으로 하는 그라프트 중합체를 유화제로 하여 유화 그라프트중합을 실시하는 경우는 대체로 그라프트 효율 및 % 골격(backbone) 중합체의 전환율 값은 높으나, 메칠메타아크릴레이트(MMA) 전환율 및 % 그라프트율값 들이 낮다. 이와 같은 결점을 보완하기 위하여 중합계에 비 수용성 용매 및 수용성 용매를 사용하여서 이들 용매의 각각의 효과 및 두종의 용매를 조합한 복합효과 그리고 용매 공존하에서의 교반속도의 영향을 고찰하는 한편, 고분자 유화제의 조성에 따른 MMA의 유화용량, 평균 입경 및 그라프트된 알긴산의 입자 표면 밀도 등을 조사하여 그 중합 메카니즘을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 고분자 유화제의 그라프트된 폴리메칠메타아클레이트(PMMA) 함량이 클수록 중합체 콜로이드의 MMA 유화용량 및 평균입경은 커지는 반면, 입자 표면의 그라프트된 알긴산의 밀도는 감소하였다. 비 수용성 용매를 MMA에 혼합시켜 중합시키는 경우는 그라프트 효율 및 골격 중합체의 전환율 값들의 저하없이 MMA 전환율 및 % 그라프트 값을 향상 시킬 수 있었으며, 그 효과는 PMMA에 대하여 침전제가 되는 용매가 양용매인 용매에 비하여 컸다. 수용성 용매는 그라프트 효율, 골격 중합체의 전환율을 다소 저하시키는 상태에서 MMA 전환율 및 % 그라프트 값을 보다 크게 향상시켰으며, 그 효과는 PMMA에 침전제인 메탄올에서 보다 현저하였다. 용매 첨가에서 교반속도의 변화에 용매 무첨가시의 MMA 전환율값은 2배 이상, % 그라프트값은 거의 3배로, SA 전환율과 그라프트 효율값은 95% 이상 향상시킬 수 있었다.