• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 1974

The metal indicator, acidic azo dyes NN, EBT and Calcon are utilized to analyse quantitatively chlorpheniramine, tripelenamine and diphenhydramine forming insoluble ion pair in aqueous solution at proper pH values between the acidic azo dyes and the sample molecules, these compexes are extracted by organic polar solvents, and organic layer is determined spectrophotometrically. Generally, the absorption maxima of the complexes are shifted to longer wavelengths compare to the absorption maxima of the dyes themselves. The binding ratio of the ion pair forming complex molecules in chloroform soln, are as follows ; NN-antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, diphenhydramine) are NN-1 to antihisamine-1, EBT-antihistamines are EBT-2 to antithistamines a and Calcon-antihistamines are Calcon-3 to antithistamines-1. These coomplexes in chloroform soln. are very stable, and show higher absorbance than the other organic polar solvents. The binding state of complexes were presumed intermolecular hydrogen bond by their infrared spectra. In the mixture solution of three samples, the aqueous phase is buffered at pH 1.0, and benzene is used to extract ion pair of diphenhydramine EBT complex selectively. At pH 1.0 of aqueous layer, Calon-diphenhydramine complex is also extracted selectively by benzene. However, in this case very small amount of chlorpheniramine-calcon calcon simultaneously. The binding state of diphenhydramine-EBT and diphenhydramine-calcon in benzene are smae as the complexes in chloroform. But the absorption maxima of the complexes in benzene are shifted to shorter wavelenlgths than the complexes in chloroform.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.266-271
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• 2003

Insoluble polyphenol antioxidants, quercetin and catechin, were stabilized through the complexation with cyclodextrin to increase heat and pH stabilities. Comparison of inclusion complex formabilities of quercetin and catechin with ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-$, and ${\gamma}-CDs$ revealed ${\beta}-CD$ to be the most suitable result. Optimal molar mixing ratio of ${\beta}-CD$ and quercetin or catechin for inclusion complex formation was found to be 1 : 1. Inclusion complexation was confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry. Solubility of ${\beta}-CD-antioxidant$ inclusion complexes increased compared with native antioxidants, Stability against temperature and pH of ${\beta}-CD-antioxidant$ inclusion complex analyzed revealed antioxidant activities of ${\beta}-CD-quercetin$ and catechin inclusion complexes have higher stabilization compare to raw quercetin and catechin. Peroxide value of linoleic acid dissolved in water decreased substantionally after using ${\beta}-CD-quercetin$ inclusion complex. ${\beta}-CD-antioxidant$ inclusion complex can be used effectively as a fresh-food preservative.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.222-235
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• 2017

First, in this study, the inhibition efficiencies of metal complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) of STSC ligand for corrosion control of mild steel in oilfield formation water were investigated. The IEs for a mixture of 500 ppm STSC and 5 ppm metal ion ($Cu^{+2}$, $Ni^{+2}$, $Zn^{+2}$) were found to be 88.77, 87.96 and 85.13 %, respectively. The results were obtained from the electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential, linear and tafel polarization methods. The polarization studies have showed that all used Schiff base metal complexes are anodic inhibitors. The protective film has been analyzed by FTIR technique. Also, to detect the presence of the iron-inhibitor complex, UV-Visible spectral analysis technique was used. The inhibitive effect was attributed to the formation of insoluble complex adsorbed on the mild steel surface and the adsorption process follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface morphology has been analyzed by SEM. Secondly, the computational studies of the ligand and its metal complexes were performed using DFT (B3LYP) method with the $6-311G^{{\ast}{\ast}}$ basis set. Finally, it is found that the experimental results were closely related to theoretical ones.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.92-98
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• 1997

To make good use of chitosan forming complex with heavy metals in wood preservative treatment, woods impregnated with chitosan and copper sulfate were prepared. Amounts of leached copper, decay resistance, anti-mold efficacy, iron corrosion rates, moisture regain rates and degradation pattern in chitosan pre-treated and untreated wood were compared. After leaching test, amounts of leached copper from chitosan pre-treated wood had a much smaller than chitosan untreated wood, and good decay resistance was retained even after leaching test. From these results, it was proved that chitosan-copper complex formed in wood played and important role for decay durability. In chitosan pre-treated wood, damage values by test molds became remarkably smaller, but the growth of test molds was not perfectly inhibited. Distinct differences in iron corrosion rates between chitosan pre-treated and untreated woods was not recognized but chitosan pre-treated wood showed the lower moisture regain rates than chitosan untreated wood because of water insoluble chitosan membrane formed in wood. After leaching test, the tracheid walls in the wood treated with 2.0% copper sulfate only were eroded by the fungal attacks, but those in the wood pre-treated with chitosan remained almost intact.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.256-273
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• 2023

Among the dyeing industries, the tenter process is a process that improves the quality of fibers by drying and ironing (heat treatment) dyed fabrics, and drugs such as water repellents, antistatic agents, and fiber softeners are mainly used in these tenter processes. These drugs are vaporized in the process of treatment by high temperatures (180 ~ 230℃), and are observed in a complex form such as white smoke, oil mist, and fine dust, causing odor. To treat the complex exhaust gas at the rear end of the tenter facility, most companies operate by installing a wet scrubber and an adsorption tower alone or in parallel, but there are many problems. In particular, the insoluble oil mist at the rear end of the tenter has significantly low processing efficiency in the cleaning dust collection facility, and there is a problem in the facility by adsorption due to the occlusion phenomenon caused by the oil mist. In addition, the odor gas at the rear end of the tenter contains a lot of aldehydes, and in order to improve these various problems, a complex exhaust purification device using cyclone and electric support collector was developed. This study examined the applicability of economical and efficient technology by removing complex air pollution at the rear end of the tenter and applying improved technology than the existing technology.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.213-236
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• 2001

The ionic composition of soil solution is related to a nutrient uptake by plant. Many models for estimating ionic composition of solution have been developed, and most of them have been used for calculating a content of mineral and ionic species in a geochemical point of view. An approximation model considering both cation and anion in soil solution was developed. Variables such as pH, Eh, EC, cations(K, Ca, Mg. Na, Fe, Mn, Al, $NH_4{^+}$), anions(Si, S, P, CY, $NO_3{^-}$, $HCO_3{^-}$ and chemical equilibria of ionic species in soil solution were input into Excel sheet. The activities of soluble ion, ionpairs and complexes of input element were estimated by Newton-Raphson method using conditional equilibrium constant calculated by Davies equation and special models. Equilibrium contents of insoluble minerals and complexes were also calculated.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.573-578
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• 2006

Three different, polymer-platinum conjugates (hydrogels, microparticles, and nanoparticles) were synthesized by complexation of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cisplatin) with partially succinylated glycol chitbsan (PSGC). Succinic anhydride was used as a linker to introduce cisplatin to glycol chitosan (GC). Succinylation of GC was investigated systematically as a function of the molar ratio of succinic anhydride to glucosamine, the methanol content in the reaction media, and the reaction temperature. By controlling the reaction conditions, water-soluble, partially water-soluble, and hydrogel-forming PSGCs were synthesized, and then conjugated with cisplatin. The complexation of cisplatin with water-soluble PSGC via a ligand exchange reaction of platinum from chloride to the carboxylates induced the formation of nano-sized aggregates in aqueous media. The hydrodynamic diameters of PSGC/cisplatin complex nano-aggregates, as determined by light scattering, were 180-300 nm and the critical aggregation concentrations (CACs), as determined by a fluorescence technique using pyrene as a probe, were $20-30{\mu}g/mL$. The conjugation of cisplatin with partially water-soluble PSGC, i.e., borderline between water-soluble and water-insoluble PSGC, produced micro-sized particles $<500{\mu}m$. Cisplatin-complexed PSGC hydrogels were prepared from water-insoluble PSGCs. All of the cisplatin-incorporated, polymer matrices released platinum in a sustained manner without any significant initial burst, suggesting that they may all be useful as slow release systems for cisplatin. The release rate of platinum increased with the morphology changes from hydrogel through microparticle to nanoparticle systems.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.697-700
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• 2001

Iron is an essential nutrient for most organisms, which supplied to them in a protein-iron complex known as ferritin. Ferritins are multimeric proteins found in prokaryotes, plants and animals. They are consisted of spherical shell of 24 subunits defining a cavity of about 8nm in diameter, where an iron core is laid down. Expression of ferritin in recombinant E. coli at $37^{\circ}C$ led to the accumulation of recombinant ferritin. Insoluble form of ferritin was separated from disrupted cells, followed by various primary separation steps with two kinds of buffers. Collected samples from the primary steps were purified by DEAE-cellulose gels packed in a column. The fractions from the DEAE column were assayed to gain the amount and the purity of ferritin by using HPLC and SDS-PAGE.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2001

Cutting oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, comprising of certain fractions of mineral oil, which are being frequently used as lubricating and heat transferring agents in various machine and tool industries. We investigated an acute and 2 weeks repeated irritation studies of two cutting oils (Cimperial 1010 as water-soluble cutting oil, and MSN 120 as insoluble cutting oil) using guinea pigs.(omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2015

In this presentation, I describe the expression and purification of the recombinant liver X receptor β-ligand binding domain proteins in E. coli using a commercially available double cistronic vector, pACYCDuet-1, to express the receptor heterodimer in a single cell as the soluble form. I describe here the expression and characterization of a biologically active heterodimer composed of the liver X receptor β-ligand binding domain and retinoid X receptor α-ligand binding domain. Although many of these proteins were previously seen to be produced in E. coli as insoluble aggregates or "inclusion bodies", I show here that as a form of heterodimer they can be made in soluble forms that are biologically active. This suggests that co-expression of the liver X receptor β-ligand binding domain with its binding partner improves the solubility of the complex and probably assists in their correct folding, thereby functioning as a type of molecular chaperone.