• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2023

Purpose: Out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) often has a poor prognosis despite rescue efforts. Although the incidence and mortality of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have increased, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has decreased in some countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the prehospital setting, immediate treatment of cardiac arrest is required without knowing the patient's COVID-19 status. Because COVID-19 is usually transmitted through the respiratory tract, airway management can put medical personnel at risk for infection. This study explored whether on-scene treatments involving CPR for TCA patients changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used data from emergency medical services (EMS) run sheets in Gangwon Province from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients whose initial problem was cardiac arrest and who received CPR were included. Data in 2019 were classified as pre-COVID-19 and all subsequent data (from 2020 and 2021) as post-COVID-19. Age, sex, possible cause of cardiac arrest, and treatments including airway maneuvers, oropharyngeal airway (OPA) or i-gel insertion, endotracheal intubation (ETI), bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation, intravenous (IV) line establishment, neck collar application, and wound dressing with hemostasis were investigated. Results: During the study period, 2,007 patients received CPR, of whom 596 patients had TCA and 367 had disease-origin cardiac arrest (DCA). Among the patients with TCA, 192 (32.2%) were pre-COVID-19 and 404 (67.8%) were post-COVID-19. In the TCA group, prehospital treatments did not decrease. The average frequencies were 59.7% for airway maneuvers, 47.5% for OPA, 57.4% for BVM, and 51.3% for neck collar application. The rates of ETI, i-gel insertion, and IV-line establishment increased. The treatment rate for TCA was significantly higher than that for DCA. Conclusions: Prehospital treatments by EMS workers for patients with TCA did not decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, the rates of ETI, i-gel insertion, and IV-line establishment increased.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.831-837
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• 2003

This paper investigates the insertion loss of nosie barrier with a interference device, The efficiency of the conventional interference-type noise barrier depends on specific frequency, Thus this study is performed to improve the efficiency of the nosie barrierin the range of broadband frequency. by changing the shape of interference device and adding the channel with various depths, The boundary element method (BEM) is used to predict the insertion loss of noise barrier. Two-dimensional boundary element model is created to simulate the performance of long barrier with a line source.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.749-754
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• 2002

This paper investigates the insertion loss of nosie barrier with a interference device. The efficiency of the conventional interference-type noise barrier depends on specific frequency. Thus this study is performed to improve the efficiency of the nosie barrier in the range of broadband frequency, by changing the shape of interference device and adding the channel with various depths. The boundary element method (BEM) is used to predict the insertion loss of noise barrier. Two-dimensional boundary element model is created to simulate the performance of long barrier with a line source.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.388-391
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• 2007

중심정맥 삽관은 술기의 안정성과 효용성으로 인해 날로 증가하는 추세이나 그에 의한 합병증도 빈발하게 나타난다. 본 증례는 혈관 천공 등의 여타 합병증 없이 당뇨와 천식을 가진 74세 남자 환자에서 중심정맥 삽관 후 발생한 종격동염을 수술을 통해 성공적으로 치료한 예이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.73-76
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• 1997

A low loss x-cut LiNbO$_3$ optical waveguide was fabricated by Ti in-diffusion and the guided-mode properties and total insertion loss of pigtailing with polarization maintaining fiber(PMF) were investigated and measured at optical wavelength 15507. For formaing the waveguide, the parameters of diffusion Ti thickness, waveguide line-width, length, diffusion temperature, time and atmosphere were set 1400$\AA$, 8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 3.3cm, 105$0^{\circ}C$, 8 hours and wet bubbled oxygen, respectively. and then After the polishing and pigtailing, it showed that total insertion loss was -4.1dB for TM mode, -5.5dB for TE mode, and mode size, that is, horizontal/vertical sizes were 13.87/18${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for TM mode, 9.61${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/6.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for TE mode.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1972-1975
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• 2002

In this paper, we have proposed low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) based packaging for RF MEMS devices. The packaging structure is designed and evaluated with 3D full field simulation. 50 ${\Omega}$ matched coplanar waveguide(CPW) transmission line is employed as the test vehicle to evaluate the performances of the proposed package structure. The line is encapsulated with the LTCC packaging lid and connected to the via feed line. To reduce the insertion loss due to the packaging lid, the cavity with via post is formed in the packaging lid. The performances of the package structure is simulated with the different cavity depth and via-to-via length. Simulation results show that the proposed package structure has reflection loss better than 20 dB and insertion loss lower than 0.1 dB from DC to 30 GHz with the cavity depth and via-to-via length of 300 ${\mu}m$ and 350 ${\mu}m$, respectively. To realize the designed package structure, the cavity patterning is tested using the sandblast of LTCC.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 Ka 대역에서 동작하는 송수신기에 쉽게 집적화 할 수 있는 프로브 구조를 이용한 도파관-마이크로스트립 트랜지션을 설계 및 제작하였다. 도파관-마이크로스트립 트랜지션은 프로브, 인덕턴스 선로, ${\lambda}/4$ 임피던스 변환기, 그리고 $50{\Omega}$ 마이크로스트립 선로로 구성되어있으며, 각 구성 요소들의 특성 임피던스 및 길이를 시뮬레이션을 통해 최적화하였다. 제작된 트랜지션의 측정결과, $30{\sim}40GHz$ 대역 내에서 평균 1.3 dB의 삽입손실 특성, 14 dB이하의 입출력 반사 손실특성을 나타내었다. 마이크로스트립 선로 및 입출력 도파관의 손실을 고려하여 하나의 변환 구조 당 삽입 손실은 $0.5{\sim}0.6dB$ 정도이다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.1376-1385
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• 2000

본 논문은 Feedforward 선형화기에서 온도영향으루 인한 군속도 지연선로의 위상 변화를 벡터 결합이론을 이용하여 고정시키는 회로에 관한 것이다. 상온에서의 군속도 지연선로의 신호 전달특성이 항상 일정하게 유지되게 하기 위해, 온도에 따른 군속도 지연선로의 신호에 온도변화에 대해 자동 적응적으로 변하는 보정신호를 인가하여 온도변화에도 항상 일정한 신호특성을 얻도록 하였다. 이 전송선로에 10 ㏈의 동작신호 레벨 변화와 +/-$10^{\circ}$의 위상 변화에 대해 880 MHz 및 1-tone 신호는 0.06 ㏈의 삽입 손실 변화와 0.36$^{\circ}$의 위상이내에서 위상이 변했고, 877 MHz 및 882 MHz인 2-tone 신호에 대해 0.07 ㏈의 삽입손실변화와 0.35$^{\circ}$의 위상이내에서 위상이 변하는 특성을 얻었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.995-999
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• 2014

In this paper, a new size-reduction approach for branch-line coupler is introduced which uses parallel end-shorted coupled lines with lumped capacitors. The characteristic of the new design was analyzed using even-odd mode method, and simulated on HFSS before fabricated on the FR4 epoxy glass cloth copper-clad plat (CCL) PCB substrate at center frequency of 1 GHz. The electrical length of transmission line was reduced to 15 degrees, therefore the size of branch-line coupler was largely reduced approximately maintaining the same characteristic around the stable center frequency. The insertion loss of the branch-line coupler filter was -4.39 dB. The size of the overall hybrid is $20mm{\times}20mm$. Measurements results were well agreed with the simulated ones.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1985

Unilateral Fin-Line 구조와 I-평면 구조를 Rayleigh-Ritt의 변분법으로 해석하는 방법을 제시하고, Cohn의 여파기 설계 이론에 의해 대역통과 멸파기를 설계하는 CAD프로그램을 개각했다. 관내 재역폭이 5%∼24.6%인 Unilateral Fin-Line 여파기를 제작하여 수험과 이론이 일치함을보였다. 시험 결과, 삽입손실이 0.17∼0.2545의 저손실 여파특성을 얻었으며 중심주파교에 대한 오차는 0.2%이 내였다.