• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제7권1_2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1992

Biologically, MGK-264 (N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide) acts as a synergists for insecticides mainly pyrethrins and pyrethroids. It's used extensively in combination with pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide and also with personal insect repellent and cockroach repellents. But the toxic effect of MGK-264 in mamalians was a relatively little known therefore in this studies it was initiated to examine the toxic effect of MGK -264 in rats. For 5 weeks it administrated daily in each 250 mg and 500 mg of MGK-264 per kg of body weight in rats. 1) The body weight gain and the LYMPH (%) value in blood were observed a slight tendency to reduce in accordance with amount of dose and number treatment time. 2) The content of cytochrome P-450 and activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were decreased in liver and those were observed some tendency in the kidney as liver but not significant. 3) The liver cholinesterase activity in the both 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg per kg of body weight with treated groups and the liver aniline hydroxylase in 500 mg/kg treated group were gradually decreased from 4 weeks after treated groups. In consequence it would sugested that the toxic effect of MGK-264 was low but in could offer hazard effect in liver and nervers system of rats if it was administrated move dose of MGK-264 and agumented in number of treated time.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.234-246
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• 2013

목조주택의 골조 및 실내 외 마감용으로 사용되는 침엽수 구조재를 대상으로 방염 방충 보존처리제가 혼합된 약제에 마이크로파 가열 후 열기를 지닌체 침지하여 복합적인 기능화를 부여한 후 목재의 건조 스케줄, 방염 시험에 의한 화재 저항성과 흰개미에 의한 내충해성, 혼합 약제의 침투성 분석을 실시한 결과 마이크로파로 3 kW로 5분 급속 가열된 시험편은 목표 온도 및 함수율을 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 인산염과 헤테로고리화합물계가 혼합된 약제에 120분 침지할 경우 가장 높은 중량 증가율을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 방염 후 처리 물품 시험을 실시한 결과 인산염과 혼합된 약제는 방염기준을 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 흰개미 투입 후 7일 사충율을 확인한 결과 인산염과 헤테로고리화합물계 혼합 약제 침투 시험편의 경우 96% 이상 높은 사충율을 나타냄으로서 가장 우수한 특성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 목재 내부로 약제 침투성 분석을 실시한 결과 목재 세포내부 전면에 있어 혼합약제가 침투된 것으로 나타나 목재의 방염성 및 방충 저항성 등에서 우수한 성능의 발현은 혼합 약제의 균일한 침투때문으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2021

식용 및 사료용 곤충으로 활용되는 풀무치에 대한 기초 연구로서 발육 단계별 난소 및 알 발육 특성을 조사하였다. 난소발육을 조사한 결과, 풀무치는 1쌍의 난소와 90개 이상의 무영양실형 난소소관을 가지고 있었다. 난소 길이는 5령 약충보다 성충시기가 더 길었다. 성충 1일째 난소길이는 5령 1일보다 약 2.5배 길었다. 난소 길이는 성충 30일까지 증가한 후, 성충 35일부터 감소되었다. 난소소관 길이는 난소 길이의 1/2 정도로, 역시 난소 길이와 같은 경향을 보였다. 난소 및 난소소관 길이는 체중과 비례적인 상관관계가 있었다. 난소소관의 수는 94-104개로 성충 30일이 총 104개로 가장 많았고 35일부터 감소하였다. 성숙란 수 역시 성충 15일부터 확인할 수 있었고, 성충 30일이 50.6개로 가장 많았다. 수정낭의 크기는 또한 발육 단계에 따라 영향을 받았다. 난괴에서 알을 분리하여 산란 후 일별로 발육 특성을 조사한 결과, 산란 4일부터 무게 및 알의 크기가 급격하게 증가하였고, 산란 후 7일부터는 변화의 폭이 거의 없었다. 산란 7일부터 몸체의 구분이 가능했으며, 산란 10일에 부화되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 풀무치의 난소발육은 성충 30일이 가장 좋았고, 산란 10일경에 풀무치 1령 약충이 우화하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.330-342
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• 2008

A comprehensive quality survey for PCDDs/PCDFs and coplanar PCBs as well as heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in sediments has been investigated in August 2006, Korea. Monitoring was undertaken at five streams representing different surrounding environments throughout Juwang and Gapyeong streams (reference sites), Jungrang stream (dense population site), Ansan stream (mixed small population and industrial site), and Siheung stream (heavy industrial site). The levels of heavy metal in samples were found to be significantly higher in sediment from Siheung stream compared to those of other stream sites. The heavy metal concentrations (dry weight basis) in sediment from Siheung stream were as follows; Cd (3.7 ${\mu}g$/g), Pb (1,295 ${\mu}g$/g), Cu (713.4 ${\mu}g$/g) and Zn (358.1 ${\mu}g$/g). Among 12 coplanar PCBs and 17 PCDDs/PCDFs selected as target compounds in this study, PCB (IUPAC no. 118) and OCDD were the most abundant congeners found in all sediment samples, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8HpCDF as well as PCB (IUPAC no. 105). These results were shown to be in the same trend as the sediment samples of other countries. The levels of PCDDs/PCDFs/coplanar PCBs in sediment samples were expressed as concentrations and WHO- TEQ values. The PCDDs/PCDFs/coplanar PCBs concentrations and their WHO-TEQ values in sediment from Siheung stream were remarkably high. The levels detected were 788.16 pg/g and 36.080 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry weight for PCDDs/ PCDFs and 314 pg/g and 0.4189 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry weight for coplanar PCBs, respectively, beyond the safety level of sediment value 20 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Sediment samples of the five streams were also monitored by sensitive biomarkers using insect immune responses: hemocyte-spreading behavior and immune-associated enzyme activities of phospholipase A$_2$ (PLA$_2$) and phenoloxidase. Organic extracts of Siheung and Jungrang sediments significantly interfered with the hemocytespreading behavior, whereas those of Ansan, Gapyeong, and Juwang did not. These organic extracts did not inhibit the PLA$_2$ and phenoloxidase activities. However, phenoloxidase was highly susceptible to exposure to aqueous extracts in all site sediments. In comparison, PLA$_2$ activities of the hemocytes were significantly inhibited only by aqueous extracts of Siheung, Jungrang, and Gapyeong sediments, but not by those of Ansan and Juwang. Despite some disparity between bioand chemical monitoring results, the biomarkers can be recommended as a device warning the contamination of biohazard environmental chemicals because of a fast and inexpensive detection method.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2024

두유박 첨가 먹이원 급이 유충의 영양학적 우수성과 안전성을 검증하고자 밀기울로 사육한 갈색거저리 유충의 영양성분과 유해물질을 비교분석하였다. 건조중량 기준 조단백질 함량은 10% 두유박 첨가 급이군 (SR)에서 54.0%로 밀기울 급이 대조군(WB) 43.5%보다 1.2배 더 많았다. 식이섬유 또한 SR에서 4.9%로 2.5%보다 1.9배 더 많은 경향을 나타냈다. 불포화지방산 중 리놀레산 함량은 SR (32.9%)에서 WB (29.0%)보다 1.1배 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 다량무기질 중 가장 많은 함량을 나타낸 칼륨은 WB (1,074.5 mg/100 g)에서 SR (1,014.0 mg/100 g) 보다 1.1배 더 많았다. 미량무기질 중 아연은 SR (14.5 mg/100 g)에서 WB (11.9 mg/100 g)에 비해 1.2배 더 많은 함량을 나타냈다. WB와 SR의 유해물질 분석 결과, 중금속 중 납, 카드뮴, 무기비소는 식용곤충 중금속 기준에 적합하였고, 식중독균인 대장균, 살모넬라균은 모든 군에서 검출되지 않았다. 위의 영양성분 및 유해물질 분석 결과로 볼 때, 10% 두유박 첨가 급이 갈색거저리 유충은 풍부한 영양성분을 가지고 있으며, 안전성 또한 입증되었으므로 식품 및 사료 원료로 이용하기에 좋은 소재로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.265-268
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• 2009

Wild silkmoths can be utilised sustainably in the production of silk as an income for resource-poor rural communities. However, attack by parasitoids and predators affect the quality of cocoons and quantity of raw silk produced. A laboratory experiment was undertaken to quantify the effect of parasitoids' (dipteran and hymenopteran) and predators' (ants) exit and ingress holes, respectively, on silk production. The mean number of shells required to produce fifty grams of raw silk was highest with cocoons parasitised by a dipteran and lowest with unattacked cocoons (but with moths already emerged). Degumming loss was highest in parasitised and lowest in unttacked cocoons, but both were not different from cocoons predated by ants. Shell weight was highest in unattacked cocoons, followed by hymenopteran-parasitised and predated cocoons, with the dipteran parasitized ones being the least. Single cocoon weight was greater in hymenopteran-parasitised and predated cocoons than the dipteran-parasitised and unattacked cocoons. Shell ratio or raw silk, floss and yarn weights were higher in unattacked than parasitised and predated cocoons. The total loss in raw silk attributable to attack by parasitoids and predators ranged between 17.4~31.2%. The results offer baseline information for assessment of economic losses in wild silk farming due to parasitoids and predators in the field.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2005

본 연구는 중량 20그램의 무선조종 초소형 날갯짓 비행체를 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 날갯짓 비행체는 3채널 방식의 무선조종을 사용하였고, 리튬 폴리머 배터리로 두 개의 DC 페이저 모터를 구동하여 35cm 크기의 날개로 날 수 있도록 하였다. 플래핑 운동만 적용된 날갯짓 비행체의 성능은 비행시험으로 입증되었다. 비행시험 결과는 비행체의 추진에 필요한 충분한 추력이 발생하도록 개발되었다는 것을 나타낸다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.553-565
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• 2017

Structural modeling of unencapsulated ionic polymer metal composite (u-IPMC) actuators that are used for flapping the insect scale-flapping wing of micro air vehicles (FMAV) in dry environmental conditions is carried out. Structural modeling for optimization of design parameters for retention of water, maximize actuation performance and to study the influence of water activity on the actuation characteristics of u-IPMC is explored for use in FMAV. The influence of equivalent weight of Nafion polymer, cations, concentration of cations, pre-treatment procedures on retention of water of u-IPMCs and on actuation parameters, flapping angle, flexural stiffness and actuation displacement are investigated. IPMC designed with Nafion having equivalent weight 900-1100, pre-heated at $30^{\circ}C$ and with sodium as the cations is promising for optimum retention of water and actuation performance. The actuation parameters while in operation in dry and humid environment with varying water activity can be tuned to desirable frequency, deflection, flap angle and flexural stiffness by changing the water activity and operational temperature of the environment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate airtight storage characteristics of rough rice using airtight flexible pve container. A storage test of rough rice of 4 tonnes was carried out to determine the changes of gas composition of air in the container, grain moisture content, air temperature and relative humidity , the presence of insects ,germination rate, crack ratio , fat acidity , 1000-kernel weight, and brown rice recovery over storage period of 5 months in Suwon. Concentration of oxygen was decreased from 20% to 16% and carbon dioxide was increased of from 0.03% to 1.6%. The grain moisture content was decreased from 14.4%(w.b) to 14.1%(w.b) for 5 months storage period . Insect population levels were low but these increased after 5 months storage. Most of insects were dead, Fat acidity increased from 7.5(mg KOH/100g) to 10.2(mg KOH/100g). Other storage factors such as germination rate, brown rice recovery and 1000-kernel , and 1000-kernel weight slightly decreased and crack ratio was slightly increased. Qualities of rough rice during 5 months storage period under hemetic air conditions were maintained fairly good considering the above changes of quality factors during storage.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.857-860
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• 2023

We investigated the fecal properties and hemoglobin levels in dogs fed with general canine diets and 7 black soldier fly-based companion canine diets. A total of 16 dogs, including 8 poodles (average weight 2.7±0.5 kg) and 8 bichon frises (average weight 2.0±0.5 kg) were used in this study. The changes in fecal properties of all treatments at 0 weeks and 2 weeks showed no significant differences (p>0.05). However, at 4 weeks, compared to the control group, all black soldier fly-based companion canine diets have an effect on fecal properties (p<0.05). Hemoglobin levels in all treatments were within the normal range. Therefore, feeding black soldier fly-based diets to canines affected the fecal properties and the hemoglobin level was not of clinical concern since it was within the desired reference intervals for healthy canines, indicating that the effect of iron supplementation and anemia prevention was not observed.