• Title/Summary/Keyword: inoculation

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Effects of Processing and Designing Variables on Formation of Shrinkage Cavities in GC150 Gray Cast Iron (GC150 회주철의 수축결함생성에 미치는 주조 및 설계공정인자들의 영향)

  • Yu, Sung-Kon;Shin, Sang-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.12 no.7
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    • pp.580-586
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    • 2002
  • The effect of processing and designing variables such as pouring temperature(1400 or $1500^{\circ}C$), inoculation and risering design(T and H type) on the formation of defects such as external depression, primary and secondary shrinkage cavities in GC150 gray cast iron was investigated. In T type risering design, external depression or primary shrinkage cavity due to liquid contraction was formed in all of the eight cases. Regardless of its modulus value, the riser could not function properly in T type risering design because directional solidification was not promoted toward the riser. On the other hand, the four cases of H type risering design in which thermal sleeves were set onto the risers produced defect-free castings. In both types of the risering designs, secondary shrinkage cavity caused by solidification contraction was not observed in the casting because of the expansion pressure due to graphite precipitation and the application of rigid pep-set mold. The degree of external depression or primary shrinkage cavity was reduced with lowered pouring temperature. The effect of inoculation was diminished because of the high carbon equivalent of GC 150 gray cast iron.

Dual Inoculation of Native Rhizobium spp. and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: An Impact Study for Enhancement of Pulse Production

  • Choudhury, Bula;Azad, Padum
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 2004
  • Fifteen Rhizobium spp. from nodules of 6 common pulses collected from 6 districts of Assam were studied for their infectivity, intrinsic antibiotic resistance, nitrogenase activity and effect of dual inoculation with two native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi viz. Glomus mosseae(GM) and Gigaspora gilmarie(GG). Out of the 15 isolates 9 were found nodulation positive and 6 of them(AR1, BR8, BR12, AR10, UR10 & GR21) were subjected to intrinsic antibiotic sensitivity test of which AR1 showed resistance against all the 9 test antibiotics. Isolates AR1 and GR21 showed the highest(4.25 mole, $gm^{-1}hour^{-1}$) and the lowest(1.05 mole, $gm^{-1}hour^{-1}$) nitrogenase activity respectively. In Most Probable Number count, the maximum Rhizobium population $5.8{\times}10^5$, was found in both Blackgram and Greengram variety of pulses. The maximum dry weight of nodules(3.14 g), dry weight of shoot(10.08 g), nitrogen content(7.68 mg, $plant^{-1}$), chlorophyll content(1.89 mg, $g^{-1}$), phosphorus content of shoot(6.17 mg, $g^{-1}$) and yield(535.67 kg, $Ha^{-1}$) were found when AR1 dually inoculated with GM in Blackgram.

Effect of Salicylic Acid Formulations on Induced Plant Defense against Cassava Anthracnose Disease

  • Sangpueak, Rungthip;Phansak, Piyaporn;Thumanu, Kanjana;Siriwong, Supatcharee;Wongkaew, Sopone;Buensanteai, Natthiya
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.356-364
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    • 2021
  • This study was to investigate defense mechanisms on cassava induced by salicylic acid formulation (SA) against anthracnose disease. Our results indicated that the SA could reduce anthracnose severity in cassava plants up to 33.3% under the greenhouse condition. The 𝛽-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzyme activities were significantly increased at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and decrease at 48 HAI after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides challenge inoculation, respectively, for cassava treated with SA formulation. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy spectra revealed changes of the C=H stretching vibration (3,000-2,800 cm-1), pectin (1,740-1,700 cm-1), amide I protein (1,700-1,600 cm-1), amide II protein (1,600-1,500 cm-1), lignin (1,515 cm-1) as well as mainly C-O-C of polysaccharides (1,300-1,100 cm-1) in the leaf epidermal and mesophyll tissues treated with SA formulations, compared to those treated with fungicide carbendazim and distilled water after the challenged inoculation with C. gloeosporioides. The results indicate that biochemical changes in cassava leaf treated with SA played an important role in the enhancement of structural and chemical defense mechanisms leading to reduced anthracnose severity.

The fate of spargana inoculated into the cat brain and sequential chan'germ of anti-sparganum IgG antibody levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (고양이 뇌에 주입된 스파르가눔의 운명과 숙주 뇌척수액 IgG 항체가의 경시적 변화)

  • Wang, Kyu-Chang;Huh, Sun;Hong, Sung-Tae;Chai, Jong-Yil;Choi, Kil-Soo;Lee, Soon-Hyung
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1990
  • To establish an animal model of intracranial sparganosis, the fate and behavior of the experimentally inoculated spargana were observed. A total of 102 scolices of spargana were injected into 22 cat brains, and the cats were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the inoculation. Neurosparganosis was established in 77% of the cats. Of 43 recovered worms,19 (44%) were located in the subdural or subarachnoid space,16 (37%) in the brain Parenchyme, and 2 (5%) in the lateral ventricle. One was detected at the diploic space of the skull and 5 were outside the cranial cavity. All but one were alive, and had grown tails. They were distributed in the brain parenchyme randomly. There was no place which they could not invade. No adult was found in the intestine. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected before inoculation, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after inoculation. The level of anti-sparganum IgG antibody in CSF measured by ELISA began to increase above the criteria of positivity 1 month after inoculation. Three months after inocula- tion, the values markedly increased. The present findings reveal that intracranial inoculation of spargana into the brains of cats would be a good animal model of experimental neurosparganosis.

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Effects of Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms on Availability and Plant Uptake of Phosphorus in Red-yellow and Calcareous Soils of Korea (한국(韓國)의 적황색(赤黃色) 및 석회질토양(石灰質土壤)에서 인산(燐酸)의 유효화(有效化) 및 작물(作物)의 인산흡수(燐酸吸收)에 대한 인산염(燐酸鹽) 가용화균(可溶化菌) 접종(接種) 효과(效果))

  • Suh, Jang-Sun;Kim, Kwang-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.173-180
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    • 1996
  • Effects of inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, Pseudomonas putida and Aspergillus niger, were studied in both acidic red-yellow and alkaline calcareous soils cropped with pimiento. In red-yellow soil after cultivation, the amounts of soil available phosphorus on non-fertilizer and fertilizer plots inoculated with Aspergillus niger, and on rice straw plot inoculated with Pseudomonas putida and Aspergillus niger were significantly higher than uninoculation treatments, but there were no differences in calcareous soil. With inoculation of either Pseudomonas putida or Aspergillus niger, increase in phosphorous uptake by pimiento cultivated in calcareous soil was detected on non-fertilizer, and fertilizer plots except rice straw plot. Although there were no significant differences in soil cellulase activities among treatments, the activity was the highest on rice straw plot in red-yellow soil. The phosphatase activities in red-yellow soil were increased by the inoculation with Aspergillus niger only, and the activity in calcareous soil was improved by the inoculation with either Pseudomonas putida or Aspergillus niger.

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Effects of Dietary Zinc on Performance and Immune Response of Growing Pigs Inoculated with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

  • Roberts, E.S.;Heugten, E. van;Spears, J.W.;Routh, P.A.;Lloyd, K.L.;Almond, G.W.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.17 no.10
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    • pp.1438-1445
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    • 2004
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Zn level on performance, serum Zn concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and immune response of pigs inoculated with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. A $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized design. Factors included; 1) PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae inoculation (n=36 pigs) or sham inoculation (n=36 pigs) with media when pigs entered the grower facility (d 0) at 9 weeks of age and 2) 10, 50, 150 ppm supplemental Zn sulfate (${ZnSO}_4$) from weaning until the completion of the study, or 2,000 ppm supplemental ${ZnSO}_4$for two weeks in the nursery and then supplementation with 150 ppm ${ZnSO}_4$for the remainder of the trial. The basal diet contained 34 ppm Zn. Pigs were weighed on d 0, 10, 17, 24 and 31 and blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Pigs inoculated with PRRSv were serologically positive at d 28 and control pigs remained negative to PRRSv. In contrast, the M hyopneumoniae inoculation was inconsistent with 33.3% and 52.8% of pigs serologically positive at d 28 in the control and infected groups, respectively. A febrile response was observed for approximately one week after inoculation with PRRSv. Feed intake (p<0.01) and gain (p<0.1) were less in PRRSv infected pigs than control pigs for the 31 d study. However, performance did not differ among pigs in the four levels of ${ZnSO}_4$. Assessments of immune responses failed to provide unequivocal influence of either PRRSv inoculation or ${ZnSO}_4$level. These data suggest that PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae act to produce some performance deficits and the influence of Zn supplementation of nursery age pigs does not have clear effect in grower pigs affected with disease.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Phosphorus Application on Early Growth of Hot Pepper(Capsicum annum L.) (Arbuscular mycorrhiza의 접종방법 및 인산시용량이 고추(Capsicum annum L.)의 초기생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Hyang-Mee;Kang, Hang-Won;Kang, Ui-Gum;Park, Kyeong-Bae;Lee, Sang-Sun;Song, Sung-Dahl
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.68-75
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to examine the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae inoculation and phosphorus application on early growth of hot pepper. Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora spinosa were chosen for this investigation and inoculated into soils of different P levels by varying inoculation time and density. After treatment, some relevant growth responses of hot pepper were measured. Regardless of soil P levels, hot peppers treated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had 5~34% more fresh weight than those untreated, but the effect of inoculation time and density was not different between two species. With decreased P levels, the infection rate and dependency of hot peppers increased. The content of P and K of AMF-inoculated hot peppers increased with increasing P levels, but the shoot to root ratio of those elements decreased. The results of this study showed that inoculation of AMF would be effective in promoting growth of hot pepper seedlings and increase transplant adaptation due in part to the resulted higher root development.

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Changes in Quality of according to Fermentation Time of Fermented Soybean Produced Made with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens로 제조한 콩 발효물의 발효시간에 따른 품질 변화)

  • Shin, Dong Sun;Choi, In Duck;Park, Ji Young;Kim, Nam Geol;Lee, Seuk Ki;Jeong, Kwang-Ho;Park, Chang Hwan;Choi, Hye Sun
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.381-389
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance, physicochemical, physical, and fermentation properties of the fermented soybean produced by manufacturing with inoculation the different types of microbial strains. The strains were inoculated by the NSI (natural strains inoculation), and the SSI (selective strain inoculation) were treatments. The appearance showed differences in color, viscous substance, and hardness depending on strains inoculation and fermentation duration. The pH, and total acidity were 6.40~7.26%, and 0.10~0.39% respectively with differences depending on the samples. The moisture content as the fermentation duration increased, the NSI (56.03~57.66%) decreased and the SSI (56.71~58.63%) increased. The physical characteristics of the hardness increased as the fermentation duration increased for the NSI and the SSI decreased. The color values for the L, a, and b values were 47.64~58.56, 7.15~9.08, and 12.41~17.30, respectively. The α-amylase and protease activities of the SSI were the highest among all treatments. The total viable cell counts of the fermented soybean products by strains were 5.02 to 9.77 log CFU/g, and SSI (fermentation, 48 hours) was the highest. The amino-type nitrogen contents of all samples were 301.62~746.97 mg% and the SSI showed the highest content. The amino acid had the highest glutamic acid content.

Inoculation Effect of Quercus acutissima Carr. with Pisolithus tintorius (Pers.) Coker et Couth and Rhizopogon rubescens(Tul.) Tul (상수리나무에 대(對)한 모래밭버섯균(菌)과 알버섯균(菌)의 접종효과(接種效果))

  • Lee, Chun-Yong;Lee, Won-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.85-88
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    • 1987
  • Quercus acutissima seedlings were grown for two years in fumigated or non-fumigated in nursery soil in a medium with and without vegetative inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pisolitlius tinctorius (Pt) and Rhizopogon rubescens (Rr). Mycorrhizal formation were 42% in fumigated Pt inoculation and 36% in fumigated Rr inoculation. $2.16{\ell}\;per\;m^2$ of Pt vegetative inoculum in fumigated soil stimulated the seedling height (98%), root collar diameter (132%) and weight (420%). And Rr inoculation in fumigated soil increased the seedling height (44%), root collar diameter (23%) and weight (157%) compared with non-treated plot. There was no effect of Pt and Rr inoculation on the growth in non-fumigated soil. Nitrogen and $P_2O_5$ contents in foliage were not different by the treatment but $K_2O$ and Ca in fumigated soil were higher than non-fumigated soil.

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The Compost Inoculation Effect on the Cellulose Degradation in Bench-scale Composting of Food Waste and Paper Mixture (음식쓰레기의 실험실 규모 퇴비화에서 셀룰로스 분해에 대한 퇴비 식종효과)

  • Shin, Hang-Sik;Jeong, Yeon-Koo;Hwang, Eung-Ju
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 1998
  • The effects of compost inoculation on the degradation of cellulosic fraction in composting of food waste and paper mixture were investigated by bench-scale composting. With the increase of seed inoculation, the time to reach the peaks of temperature, $CO_2$ evolution rate, and ammonia evolution rate was reduced, indicating that seed compost had beneficial effects on the enhanced degradation of organic materials at the early stage of composting. However, the final conversion of organic matters and the loss of ammonia were not affected by the amount of seed compost inoculated. The increasing of seed inoculum also resulted in the higher level of cellulase activity at initial stages and rapid rise to the maximums, suggesting that initial supply of sufficient cellulolytic microorganisms might facilitate the evolution of cellulase activity. The cellulose was degraded substantially during the increasing phase of cellulase activity, while they showed similar values at the end of 20 days composting. As a result, the seed inoculation seemed to be effective to the enhanced evolution of cellulase activity and cellulose degradation at initial stage of composting. But it did not contribute to increase the final degradation of cellulose after the entire composting reaction of 20 days.

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