• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2019

Materials and Parts acts as the bridge in the manufacturing industry. In 2018, the materials and parts industry became the leading industry in Korea as its export reached $316.2 billion, accounting for 52.3 percent of the country's total exports. As such, it is the main industry of Korea leading the trade surplus, but when it comes to Japan, it is not. The trade deficit with Japan shrinks to $24 billion last year but the materials and parts industry still accounts for 60 percent of total deficit, which is about $15.1 billion. Today Japan has the top competitiveness in the high-tech materials and parts industry and the factors can be found in cooperation and symbiosis among companies, monotsukuri spirit, and long-term government policy. In order for Korean economy to pursue the Japan's high-tech materials and parts industry, the following change of perception is necessary. First, the material and parts industry requires win-win cooperation. In general, materials and parts are intermediate products. Therefore, it is important to understand the characterist that the transactions are all made up between companies not the with consumers. Second, expansion of joint technology development is absolutely necessary. South Korea is a leading country in the field of general-purpose materials and parts. However, the research shows that South Korea has structure which small and medium-sized companies could have difficulties in developing high-tech products as finding demand and developing market are hard due to low participation of large corporations at R&D stage. It is necessary for large corporations to participate in joint R&D and share opinions of customers from the beginning stage of R&D. Third, a long-term approach is needed. Structural vulnerabilities in the Korea's materials and parts industry, including the lack of advanced technologies is the main reason of solidification of Korea's trade deficit with Japan but there are also cultural differences about technology in the background. Even if it takes time, a long-term approach is absolutely necessary to build up technology and know-how in order to secure competitiveness in the high-tech materials and parts industry. This approach applies to act of corporation and government policy.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2018

For a long time the German economy was primarily defined by large corporations and thriving small and medium-sized enterprises. Since about 2005 a second strand has started to emerge and it is one which is becoming increasingly important and is creating jobs - start-ups in the digital sector. This start-up activity is taking an important role in Germany's economic development: Start-up companies spawn innovations and create jobs, thus promoting the concept of competition. In general "start-up" refers to digitally-driven companies that are not more than five years old. Germany's start-up policy consists of three main parts. First of all, Germany has the characteristics of technology-based start-ups. The Hartz reform since 2002 has shown its focus on technology-based start-ups. In particular, it is the most appropriate for a start-up company to take the role of a new technology company to respond to changes in the global industrial structure. Second, it is approaching from a long-term perspective. In this regard, the small business policy, including Germany's new business policy, is seen as a tradition that can be consistent and can make policy decisions based on the basics rather than following the times. Third, the government is implementing policies centered on demand. Germany's start-up policy is summarized as a technology-based policy and new job creation. The policy response is that the government seeks the best combination of policies by adapting them to the times from the broad trend of employment market policies. What is important here is that policies are made based on consumers, not suppliers, in the process of policy making and implementation. With the Digital Agenda 2020 the Federal government has likewise committed itself to preparing the digital economy for international competition and making Germany the "No. 1 digital growth country in Europe". Ever since 1998 the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) has awarded the "EXIST" start-up scholarship to students and graduates. The Ministry also invests in the High Tech start-up fund. Together with Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) and 18 other investors from the world of business the seed investor promotes young technology companies. Germany offers start-ups a good infrastructure and lots of funding opportunities. Berlin is regarded as Europe's start-up capital and also attracts lots of international young entrepreneurs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.571-581
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• 2007

The mechanism of water pollution in Lake Shihwa, one of highly eutrophicated artificial lakes in Korea, has been studied using a numerical 3D physical-biochemical coupled model. In this study, the model was applied to estimate the contribution of land-based pollutant load to water quality of heavily polluted Lake Shihwa. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) was adopted as an index of the lake water quality, and the spatial distribution of an average COD concentration during the summer from 1999 to 2000 was simulated by the model. The simulated COD showed a good agreement with the observed data. According to reproducibility of COD, the high-est levels between 8 and 9 mg/L were shown at the inner site of the lake with inflow of many rivers and ditches, while the lowest was found to be about 5 mg/L at the southwestern site near to dike gate. In the pre-diction of water quality of Lake Shihwa, COD showed still higher levels than 3 mg/L in case of reduction of 95% for land-based pollutant load. This suggests that the curtailment of land-based pollutant load is not only sufficient but the improvement of sediment quality or the increase of seawater exchange should be considered together to improve a water quality in Lake Shihwa.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-125
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• 2017

Complex product systems (CoPs) is a engineering-intensive products with high-ended design technology, which are closely linked with national economic growth and development of social infrastructures. Accordingly, in order to understand the technological evolution of CoPs, it is necessary to identify the macro-environmental drivers surrounding the CoPs and their impact on the technological evolution of the CoPS. Therefore, we investigate the effect of policy, economic and social drivers on the technological evolution of CoPS by implementing the longitudinal case study on nuclear power plant during the periods between 1950 and 2010s. Based on the analysis of various sources of secondary data and primary data through interviews, we found that the technological evolution of nuclear power plant is progressed as "Phase 1: Application research for peaceful utilization of nuclear energy" between 1950s and 1960s, "Phase 2: The first renaissance of nuclear energy" during 1970s, "Phase 3: Enhancement of safety and the catch-up of latecomers in nuclear energy" between 1990s and 2000s, and "Phase 4: Top prioritization of safety and the development of next generation reactors for the second renaissance of nuclear energy" since 2010s. We also found that various kinds of policy, economic and social drivers, such as energy policy, investment in technology development, economic growth and energy demand, social acceptability and environmental concern, have affected the technology evolution of nuclear power plant at each phase. We emphasize the role of macroenvironmental drivers in the technological evolution of CoPS. We also suggest that countries that endeavor to develop CoPs need to utilize those drivers for enhancing competitiveness and sustaining leadership.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

In today's rapidly changing and increasingly competitive business environment, new product development in tune with market trends in a timely manner has been a matter of the utmost concern for all enterprises. Indeed, developing a sustainable new business has been a top priority for not only business enterprises, but also for the government policy makers accountable for the health of Its national economy as well as for decision makers in what type of organizations. Further, for a soft landing of new businesses, building a government-initiated industry base has been claimed to be necessary as a way to effectively boost corporate activities. However, the existing methodology in new service and new product development is not suitable for nurturing industry, because it is mainly focused on the research and development of corporate business activities instead of new product development. The approach for developing new business is based on 'innovation' and 'convergence.' Yet, the convergence among technologies, supplies, businesses and industries is believed to be more effective than innovation alone as a way to gain momentum. Therefore, it has become more important than ever to study a new methodology based on convergence in industrial quality new product development (NPD) and new service development (NDS). In this research, therefore, we reviewed any restrictions in the existing new product and new service development methodology and the existing business model development methodology. In doing so, we conducted industry standard collaboration analysis on a new service model development methodology in the private sector and the public sector. This approach is fundamentally different from the existing one in that ours focuses on new business development under private management. The suggested framework can be categorized into industry level and service level. First, in the industry level, we define new business opportunities In occurrence of convergence between businesses. For this, we analyze the existing industry at the industry level to identify the opportunities in a market and its business attractiveness, based on which the convergence industry is formulated. Also, through the analysis of environment and market opportunity at the industry level. we can trace how different industries are lined to one another so as to extend the result of the study to develop better insights into industry expansion and new industry emergence. After then, in the service level, we elicit the service for the defined new business, which is composed of private service and supporting service for nurturing industry. Private service includes 3steps: plan-design-do; supporting service for nurturing industry has 4 steps: selection-make environment- business preparation-do and see. The existing methodology focuses on mainly securing business competitiveness, building a business model for success, and offering new services based on the core competence of companies. This suggested methodology, on other hand, suggests the necessity of service development, when new business opportunities arise, in relation to the opportunity analysis of supporting service based on the clear understanding of new business supporting infrastructure optimization. Meanwhile, we have performed case studies on the printing and publishing field with the restrict procedure and development system to assure the feasibility and practical application. Even though the printing and publishing industry is considered a typical knowledge convergence industry, it is also known as a low-demand and low-value industry in Korea. For this reason, we apply the new methodology and suggest the direction and the possibility of how the printing and publishing industry can be transformed as a core dynamic force for new growth. Then, we suggest the base composition service for industry promotion(public) and business opportunities for private's profitability(private).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the state of the energy industry and to determine the efficiency of its functioning on the basis of energy conservation principle and application of innovative technologies aimed at improving the ecological modernisation of agricultural sectors of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach of financial and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the investment project, based on calculation of elasticity, total costs and profitability, as well as on comparative, graphical and system analysis. The current stage is characterised by widely spread restructuring processes of electric power industry in many countries through introduction of new technical installations of energy facilities and increased government regulation in order to enhance the competitive advantage of electricity market. Electric power industry features a considerable value of creating areas. For example, by providing scientific and technical progress, it crucially affects not only the development but also the territorial organisation of productive forces, first of all the industry. In modern life, more than 90% of electricity and heat is obtained by Kazakhstan's economy by consuming non-renewable energy resources: different types of coal, oil shale, oil, natural gas and peat. Therefore, it is significant to ensure energy security, as the country faces a rapid fall back to mono-gas structure of fuel and energy balance. However, energy resources in Kazakhstan are spread very unevenly. Its main supplies are concentrated in northern and central parts of the republic, and the majority of consumers of electrical power live in the southern and western areas of the country. However, energy plays an important role in the economy of industrial production and to a large extent determines the level of competitive advantage, which is a promising condition for implementation of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. In these circumstances, issues of modernisation and reforms of this sector in Kazakhstan gain more and more importance, which can be seen in the example of economically sustainable solutions of a large local monopoly company, significant savings in capital investment and efficiency of implementation of an investment project. A major disadvantage of development of electricity distribution companies is the prevalence of very high moral and physical amortisation of equipment, reaching almost 70-80%, which significantly increases the operating costs. For example, while an investment of 12 billion tenge was planned in 2009 in this branch, in 2012 it is planned to invest more than 17 billion. Obviously, despite the absolute increase, the rate of investment is still quite low, as the total demand in this area is at least more than 250 billion tenge. In addition, industrial infrastructure, including the objects of Kazakhstan electric power industry, have a tangible adverse impact on the environment. Thus, since there is a large number of various power projects that are sources of electromagnetic radiation, the environment is deteriorated. Hence, there is a need to optimise the efficiency of the organisation and management of production activities of energy companies, to create and implement new technologies, to ensure safe production and provide solutions to various environmental aspects. These are key strategic factors to ensure success of the modern energy sector of Kazakhstan. The contribution of authors in developing the scope of this subject is explained by the fact that there was not enough research in the energy sector, especially in the view of ecological modernisation. This work differs from similar works in Kazakhstan in the way that the proposed method of investment project calculation takes into account the time factor, which compares the current and future value of profit from the implementation of innovative equipment that helps to bring it to actual practise. The feasibility of writing this article lies in the need of forming a public policy in the industrial sector, including optimising the structure of energy disbursing rate, which complies with the terms of future modernised development of the domestic energy sector.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.97-117
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the teachers' recognition on the optimization of the educational contents of Clothing & Textiles in subjects of :he Practical Arts or the Technology & Home Economics in the course of elementary, middle and high schools. The statistical data for this research were collected from 203 questionnaires of teachers who work on elementary, middle and high schools. Mean. standard deviation, percentage were calculated using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Also. these materials were verified by t-test, One-way ANOVA and post verification Duncan. The results were as follows; First, The equipment ratio of practice laboratory were about 24% and very poor in elementary schools but those of middle and high school were 97% and 78% each and higher than elementary schools. Second, More than 50% of teachers recognized the amount of learning 'proper'. The elementary school teachers recognized the mount of learning in 'operating sewing machines' too heavy especially, the same as middle school teachers in 'making shorts': the same as high school teachers in 'making tablecloth and curtain' and 'making pillow cover or bag'. Third, All of the elementary, middle and high school teachers recognized the levels of total contents of clothing and textiles 'common'. The 80% of elementary school teachers recognized 'operating sewing machines' and 'making cushions' difficult especially. The same as middle school teachers in 'hand knitting handbag by crochet hoop needle', 'the various kinds of cloth' and 'making short pants'. The same as high school teachers in 'making tablecloth or curtain'. Fourth, Elementary school teachers recognized 'practicing basic hand needlework' and 'making pouch using hand needlework' important in the degree of educational contents importance. Middle school teachers recognized 'making short pants unimportant. High school teachers considered the contents focusing on practice such as 'making tablecloth and curtain' and 'making pillow cover or bags' unimportant. My suggestions were as follows; Both laboratories and facilities for practice should be established for making clothing and textiles lessons effective in Practical Arts in elementary schools. The 'operating sewing machines' which were considered difficult should be dealt in upper grade, re-conditioning to easier or omitted. The practical contents should be changed to student-activity-oriented and should be recomposed in order to familiar with students' living. It was needed to various and sufficient supports for increasing the teachers' practical abilities.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-57
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• 1994

본 고는 지속적 개발 론에 입각한 적극적인 에너지수요 관리정책을 추진한다는 전제하에 2001년과 2006년의 우리 나라 가정부문 전력수요를 전망하고자 한다. 본 고는 지속적 개발 시나리오를 추정함에 있어서 기존의 계량모형보다 일종의 공학적 모형인 공정분석(process analysis)을 선호한다. 계량모형이 주로 과거 수요의 소득 및 가격 탄성 치를 바탕으로 미래의 수요를 예측하는데 비하여 공정분석모형은 기술발전에 따른 미래의 효율변화(향상)를 비교적 잘 반영할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 고는 덴마크공과대학교 Norgard 교수팀이 개발한 모형을 도입하여 분석모형(수식 (6))을 전력수요 = 기기 수 $\times$ 전력서비스$\times$ 전력집약도와 같이 설정하고 이를 사용하여 냉장고, 텔레비전, 조명 기기, 난방기기 등과 같은 전력사용 기기 별로 2001년과 2006년이 전력수요를 전망하였다. 본 고는 전력수요를 전력사용 기기의 사용용량(300리터 용량의 냉장고 등)과 사용시간을 나타내는 전력서비스와 전력 서비스당 필요 전력사용량을 나타내는 전력집약도로 나누어 구분하고 있는 모형을 이용함으로써 소득향상효과와 함께 기술발전에 따른 효율개선효과를 분석할 수 있다. 1) 생활수준 향상에 따라 전력서비스는 지금과 같이 증가한다, 2) 현실적으로 가능한 범위 내에서 전력사용 기기에 대한 최저 에너지 효율 제를 실시한다, 3) 현재 사용중인 기기 들은 원칙적으로 수명이 다한 후 고효율 기기 들로 자연 교체한다, 4) 최저 에너지 효율 제를 제외한 다른 제도 및 정책개선, 사용자의 에너지소비형태 개선에 따른 절전 잠재 량을 고려하지 않는다 등의 가정 하에 전력수요를 추정한 결과 1992년에 796 GWh(100)이었던 우리 나라 가정부문 전력수요는 2001년과 2006년에 29,237 GWh(134)와 33,118 GWh(152)로 각각 34%와 52%증가할 것으로 나타났다. 이 경우 1992년부터 2006년까지 가정용 전력수요 증가율은 연평균 3%로 추정된다. 기기의 서비스(가구수$\times$기기의 보급 율$\times$기기의 전력서비스)가 소득향상에 따라 증가하는데도 불구하고 전력수요의 증가율이 GDP(같은 기간 동안 연평균 증가율 5.7%)보다 매우 낮은 것은 기기의 대형화와 기기의 보급을 증가에 따른 전력의 추가수요가 기기의 에너지효율 개선으로 대부분 상쇄될 것이기 때문이다. 향후 10년 내에 기기에 따라 전력사용량을 25%~50%정도까지 줄일 수 있을 것으로 분석된다. 기술발전에 따른 기기의 에너지효율 개선효과는 본 고의 2006년도 가정용 전력수요의 전망치 33,118 GWh가 기존방식에 의한 한전의 전망치 61,155 GWh의 54%수준밖에 되지 않는데 서도 잘 나타나고 있다. 한편 본 고는 경제성장과 환경보존을 동시에 달성할 수 있는 지속적 개발의 실천방안으로서 에너지 수요관리를 논하고자 한다. 고효율 기기의 개발과 조기도입을 촉진시키는 에너지 수요관리 통하여 우리는 에너지효율을 대폭 개선시키며 대기오염 배출량도 대폭 줄일 수 있다. 본 고는 에너지 공급관리(공급확충)위주에서 에너지 수요관리위주로서의 에너지정책 전환은 불가피하다고 판단한다. 에너지 공급시스템보다 에너지 수요시스템위주로 전체 에너지시스템을 획기적으로 개선시키기 위해서는 최저 에너지효율제의 광범위한 실시와 함께 고효율 기기의 개발과 보급에 필요한 유인책의 도입, 고효율 기기와 에너지의 효율적 이용에 대한 정보 등이 필요시 되고 있다. 우리 나라의 경우 현재의 산업구조와 기술수준을 고려하여 에너지 효율의 기준을 미국보다 다소 낮게 설정한다면 최저 에너지효율제의 도입이 문제가 되지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 본 고는 고효율 기기의 개발과 조기도입을 지원하기 위한 가칭 대기환경보존 및 에너지 수요관리기금의 창설을 제안한다. 전력부문의 경우 기금은 1. 탄소세, 2. 전력소비에 대한 수요 관리 세의 도입 혹은 3. 한국전력공사 전력판매수입의 일정 분으로 조성될 수 있을 것으로 본다. 예를 들어 선진국들이 탄소세를 예정대로 도입한다는 전제하에 우리 나라가 2000년을 기준으로 탄소 톤당 8달러(석유 배럴 당 85센트)의 탄소세를 도입한다면 연간 7억 2,000만 달러(약5,760억 원)규모의 기금을 조성할 수 있다. 이 중 연간 2,000억 원 정도를 고효율 기기의 개발과 조기도입에 지원한다면 우리 나라 에너지 시스템 효율은 대폭 개선될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2011

Most domestic companies, with the exclusion of major firms, are reluctant to implement a supply chain management (SCM) network into their operations. Most small- and medium-sized enterprises are not even aware of SCM. Due to the inherent total-systems efficiency of SCM, it coordinates domestic manufacturers, subcontractors, distributors, and physical distributors and cuts down on cost of inventory control, as well as demand management. Furthermore, a lack of SCM causes a decrease in competitiveness for domestic companies. The reason lies in the fundamentality of SCM, which is the characteristic of information sharing, process innovation throughout SCM, and the vast range of problems the SCM management tool is able to address. This study suggests the contemplation and reformation of the current SCM situation by analyzing the SCM strategic plan, discourses and logical discussions on the topic, and a successful case for adapting SCM; hence, the study plans to productively "process" SCM. First, it is necessary to contemplate the theoretical background of SCM before discussing how to successfully process SCM. I will describe the concept and background of SCM in Chapter 2, with a definition of SCM, types of SCM promotional activities, fields of SCM, necessity of applying SCM, and the effects of SCM. All of the defects in currently processing SCM will be introduced in Chapter 3. Discussion items include the following: the Bullwhip Effect; the breakdown in supply chain and sales networks due to e-business; the issue that even though the key to a successful SCM is cooperation between the production and distribution company, during the process of SCM, the companies, many times, put their profits first, resulting in a possible defect in demands estimation. Furthermore, the problems of processing SCM in a domestic distribution-production company concern Information Technology; for example, the new system introduced to the company is not compatible with the pre-existing document architecture. Second, for effective management, distribution and production companies should cooperate and enhance their partnership in the aspect of the corporation; however, in reality, this seldom occurs. Third, in the aspect of the work process, introducing SCM could provoke corporations during the integration of the distribution-production process. Fourth, to increase the achievement of the SCM strategy process, they need to set up a cross-functional team; however, many times, business partners lack the cooperation and business-information sharing tools necessary to effect the transition to SCM. Chapter 4 will address an SCM strategic plan and a case study of LG Electronics. The purpose of the strategic plan, strategic plans for types of business, adopting SCM in a distribution company, and the global supply chain process of LG Electronics will be introduced. The conclusion of the study is located in Chapter 5, which addresses the issue of the fierce competition that companies currently face in the global market environment and their increased investment in SCM, in order to better cope with short product life cycle and high customer expectations. The SCM management system has evolved through the adaptation of improved information, communication, and transportation technologies; now, it demands the utilization of various strategic resources. The introduction of SCM provides benefits to the management of a network of interconnected businesses by securing customer loyalty with cost and time savings, derived through the consolidation of many distribution systems; additionally, SCM helps enterprises form a wide range of marketing strategies. Thus, we could conclude that not only the distributors but all types of businesses should adopt the systems approach to supply chain strategies. SCM deals with the basic stream of distribution and increases the value of a company by replacing physical distribution with information. By the company obtaining and sharing ready information, it is able to create customer satisfaction at the end point of delivery to the consumer.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

Due to the spread of Corona 19 around the world, Infectious Disease Medicine and New Medical Devices such as Diagnostic Agent are being rapidly developed and launched, and for the fast supply and demand of these, each country has eased import regulations or has implemented policies for fast approval(NIDS, 2020). On the other hand, New Developed Medical Devices that are not related to New Infectious Diseases, they are still entering the market through strict licensing and licensing regulations, such as delay and cancellation in the test inspection process, etc. Therefore, This Study specialized in the government-managed laws encountered when New Medical Devices enter the market, derive Factors influencing the Strength of Regulations, analyzes the Strength of Regulations, and proposes a Regulatory Response Framework. The Research Method was conducted by Literature Research, was applied by Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) Method, Expert Interview(1st): Idea Collection, Expert Interview(2nd): Validation, and Priority through the Application Process of FMEA Method. A Method of Quantifying the Intensity of Regulation was proposed by multiplying the Impact of the Influencing Factors for each stage of regulation and the Burden Impact for each type of Regulatory Affairs to find the Importance of the Regulatory Factors and multiplying the Severity of the Regulatory Impact. The Implications are that major overseas countries and the Korean government are actively responding with Special Regulatory Policies and Mitigation Policies for fast licensing of New Developed Medical Devices in accordance with Corona 19. It is expected that the direction for improvement of regulations and measures to respond to regulations will be implemented so that a more proactive and preemptive response to the regulatory process of the licensing policy for New Devices can be achieved.