• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.7
• /
• pp.1546-1552
• /
• 2004

Electronic Ink is a stored data in the form of the handwritten text or the script without converting it into ASCII by handwritten recognition on the pen-based computers and Personal Digital Assistants(Pocket PC) for supporting natural and convenient data input. One of the most important issues is to search the electronic ink in order to use it. We proposed and implemented a script matching algorithm for the electronic ink. Proposed matching algorithm separated the input stroke into a set of primitive stroke using the curvature of the stroke curve. After determining the type of separated strokes, it produced a stroke feature vector. And then it calculated the distance between the stroke feature vector of input strokes and one of strokes in the database using the dynamic programming technique.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2001

Waste office paper, photocopied or laser printed, has recently increased along with office automatization. In waste office paper, toner ink is used as the printing medium in place of conventional oil ink. Since toner ink cannot be saponificated by alkali and be decolored by bleaching, different from the case of oil ink, toner remains on regenerated paper as black specks. Although cascade recycling of waste office paper is compelled at present, the demand for low-grade paper is limited. From such circumstances, a new separation process for waste office paper is demanded to achieve parallel recycling. At the first stage of separation studies, the sharpness of separation is evaluated using small separators to obtain fundamental data. In a lab-scale separator, the sample amount of one feed is generally a few grams. However, the sample amount used for brightness, ERIC, and image analysis that are generally used to evaluate the efficiency of deinking are not small for lab-scale tests of these analyses. This paper describes an investigation of a sheet preparation method by a small amount of sample under 0.5g and compares the precision of toner content determination of spectroscopic analysis and image analysis from the viewpoint of separation evaluation. The easiness and convenience of the operation using only general-purpose equipments has also been set as a principle purpose. From the viewpoint of an analysis that yields high precision with a small amount of sample in short time, the method calculating the absorption coefficient from diffuse reflectance in the visible region is the most rational method in this study.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.39 no.2 s.120
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2007

Lithography like off-set printing is processed using the repellent properties between water and oil, so all inks for off-printing must work with dampening solution(water). The dampening water may cause the emulsification of ink by the printing pressure in the printing nip. This study aimed to investigate the effect of emulsified inks on print mottle. The cyan ink was emulsified artificially with the different IPA(isopropyl alcohol) content in this study. We evaluated the print mottle by densitometer and image analysis method. The print mottle phenomenon was directly affected by IPA content. The emulsification of inks also had an influence on flow properties of inks and it increased ink transfer rate. It, however, caused low ink density. Moreover the emulsified inks were spreaded to around dots and cause the thinning density on the non-printing area like print mottle. The trial printing showed that the emulsified inks also cause scumming on the printing result with little mistake of adjusting dampening solution and mostly decreasing dot reproduction. We could, therefore, find out the obvious effect of emulsified inks on print mottle.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2006

Rubber rollers in off-set printing process are one of the most important factor, transferring the ink and water to the plate. Each different roughness of roller surface and different rubber compounds could effect to ink transparency and printability. Three different rubber compounds (NBR, EPDM, PU) and each different roughness of roller surface would show us different result of ink transparency and density of actual printing result. There might be a differences from actual printing result not only the amount of transferred ink, but there is also some other point we should check it out. According to the result of this studies, we found that different rubber compounds and their surface roughness directly effect to the rate of ink transfer. It also shows that the amount of transferred ink is not even and stable amount what we expect to get optimum printability. To reach a targeted printability with rollers, firstly it is necessary to choose correct rubber compounds with certain purpose and the roughness of roller surface has to be as smooth as less than $5{\mu}m{\sim}7{\mu}m$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.374-380
• /
• 2011

In this paper a printing process for patterning electrodes on large area substrate was developed by combining screen printing with reverse off-set printing. Ag ink was uniformly coated by screen printing. And then etching resist (ER) was patterned in the Ag film by reverse off-set printing, and then the non-desired Ag film was etched off by etchant. Finally, the ER was stripped-off to obtain the final Ag patterns. We extracted the suitable conditions of reverse Using the process we successfully fabricated gate electrodes and scan bus lines of OTFT-backplane used for e-paper, in which the diagonal size was 6 inch, the resolution $320{\times}240$, the minimum line width 30 um, and sheet resistance 1 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1985

In Graphic art reproduction process it is important to realize that which set of inks and their densities (film thickness) and which set of halftone positive should be aimed at. in order to meet the demand for good color reproduction. There have been various studies to calculation the color reproduction of the graphic arts. however. these study were based on the assumed characteristics of the materials. In this study the relationship between wet-trapping (wet on wet-printing) and increases of ink layer and printing sequence are examined.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2012

Phytophthora katsurae is a fungal pathogen responsible for chestnut ink disease. We designed two duplex primer sets (SOPC 1F/1R+KatI 3F/5R, SOPC 1-1F/1-1R+KatI 3F/5R) to detect P. katsurae. SOPC 1F/1R and SOPC 1-1F/1-1R primer pairs were designed for sequence characteristic amplification regions (SCAR) marker, and KatI 3F/5R primer pair was used for P. katsurae-specific primer designed from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. To assess the sensitivity of duplex PCR, genomic DNA was serially diluted 10-fold to make the final concentrations from 1 mg/ml to 1 ng/ml. The sensitivity for two primer sets were 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 100 ng/ml, respectively. To find detection limits for zoospores of P. katsurae, each zoospore suspension was serially diluted 10-fold to make the final concentrations from $1{\times}10^6$ to $1{\times}10^2$ cells/ml, and then DNA was extracted. The limits of detection for all of two primer sets were $1{\times}10^5$ cells/ml. All of two primer sets were specific to P. katsurae in PCR detection and did not produce any P. katsurae-specific PCR amplicons from other 16 Phytophthora species used as the control. This study shows that duplex PCR using two primer sets might be a useful tool for rapid and efficient detection of P. katsurae.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2010

Last printing market is changing to high-quality color prints for web offset printing. But, color image reproduction based on the relative sheet-ped printing compared to the way, web offset printing are falling. Moreover, it's difficult to maintain the quality of the web offset print. The reason is the worker's decision to rely on. Therefore, the quality of prints was no difference in uniformity and objectivity. We have thought the reason, that the physical properties of inks such as fluidity, viscosity and tack. In addition, varies depending on the physical properties of paper, such as thickness, smoothness, roughness and porosity. Therefore, we studied the properties of ink and paper on the relations between the properties used IGT printability tester. This study of domestic web offset printing inks and papers on the relationship between physical properties and printability were studied. So, to improve printability will be used as the basis resources for web offset printing.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.476-481
• /
• 2012

Among the various roll-to-roll printing technologies such as gravure, gravure-offset, and reverse offset printing, reverse offset printing has the advantage of fine patterning, with less than 5 ${\mu}m$ line width. However, it involves complex processes, consisting of 1) the coating process, 2) the off process, 3) the patterning process, and 4) the set process of the ink. Each process demands various ink properties, including viscosity, surface tension, stickiness, and adhesion with substrate or clich$\acute{e}$; these properties are critical factors for the printing quality of fine patterning. In this study, Ag nano ink was developed for reverse offset printing and the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), used as a capping agent of Ag nano particles, on the printing quality was investigated. Ag nano particles with a diameter of ~60 nm were synthesized using the conventional polyol synthesis process. Ethanol and ethylene glycol monopropyl ether(EGPE) were used together as the main solvent in order to control the drying and absorption of the solvents during the printing process. The rheological behavior, especially ink adhesion and stickiness, was controlled with washing processes that have an effect on the offset process and that played a critical role in the fine patterning. The electrical and thermal behaviors were analyzed according to the content of PVP in the Ag ink. Finally, an Ag mesh pattern with a line width of 10 ${\mu}m$ was printed using reverse offset printing; this printing showed an electrical resistivity of 36 ${\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ after sintering at $200^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.1390-1393
• /
• 2004

In the present industry, three-dimensional colored shape has required for realistic prototype in rapid manufacturing. Z-corporation developed 3D printer which can color three-dimensional prototype but this process can't be adopted to other rapid prototype products and spend much time and cost coloring 3D shape. In this study a new coloring process on three-dimensional surface is proposed for realistic prototype. Three-dimensional surface coloring apparatus is composed of HP ink jet head and X-Y plotter. Distance and angle between ink jet nozzle and 3D surface are set as process parameter. Based on the experiment of process parameters, it is shown that distance and angle affected on printed image on 3D surface. Circle and line shape are chosen as standard image shape because the shape has widely used as standard in 2D printing. Consequently, the distorted image on 3D surface is corrected by transformed input image data.