• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

Peripheral axons in vertebrate animals can regenerate after nerve injury and accomplish its functional recovery. Numerous studies have revealed that diverse molecular factors are induced during axonal regeneration and their potential roles in axonal regeneration have been studied. Examples is N-CAM, L1, P0, nerve growth factors, GAP-43 and so forth. However, most of the studies on axonal regeneration have been primarily focused on axon fiber regrowth and elucidating molecular factors, and relatively less is known about functional recovery. Also, specific drugs or drug components used in the oriental medicine in relation to nerve fiber regeneration have not been known. And thus, in the present, a study on the effect of Samul-tang components and Samul-tang extracts to regeneration of peripheral axon fiber is underway by immunofluorescence staining. Therefore, this prior application of Samul-tang with documents consideration is reported with a plea for further investigation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2002

The hepato-protective activity of the GODEX (Hepadif-s capsule) has been studied in the rats against $CCl_4$-ethanol induced liver toxicity. The rats were oral1y treated with $CCl_4$ (corn oil/ $CCl_4$ 1:1, 1 mg/kg). And one week passes, $CCl_4$(0.4 mg/kg) administered two times a week for 7 weeks. The drugs have been administered every two days for 4 weeks after $CCl_4$ injection. The experimental groups have consisted of the GODEX (250 mg/kg), Hepadif (200 mg/kg), DDB complex (DDB 50 mg/kg and garlic oil powder 50 mg/kg), DDB (50 mg/kg), and vehicle control respectively. There was a significant decrement on the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin in all treated groups. Specially, ALT level of GODEX and Hepadif only treated groups was decreased c1early. Also, serum albumin level was significantly enhanced in GODEX treated group compared with control and DDB treated groups. In histological results, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, lobular restructure and necrosis of bile duct were severely showed in control. But other treated groups showed centerilobular degeneration and mild hyper-plasia. Hepadif or DDB has a effects of the recovery on serum parameters and structure ill liver injury. When it was compared GODEX to Hepadif alone or DDB complex or DDB, it suggested to have the best activity of the liver recovery.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 2013

Facial deformity after nerve injury changes ones' social life. We experienced a few patients with healthy early recovery of muscle contraction after the operation with soft tissue wraparound splint. Under general anesthesia, exploration to find as many injured nerve stumps with ${\times}2.5$ loopes was undertaken at first. Interfascicular repair was done with minimal tension by 10-0 nylon under a microscope, and the suture site was sealed by approximating the surrounding fat flaps. This conjoined adipose tissue flap was a splint as a wraparound environment to reduce the tension in the coaptation site, and to increase the relative concentration of releasing neurotrophic factors by surrounding it. A 45-year-old man fell down in a drunken state and had deep laceration by broken flowerpot fragments with facial muscle weakness on the right cheek. His injured mandibular branches of the facial nerve were found. A 31-year-old female suffered from motionlessnesss of frontalis muscle after a traffic accident. She had four frontal branches injured. The man had his cheek with motion after seven days, and the woman two months after the operation. The nerve conduction test of the woman showed normalized values. Facial nerve repair surrounded by adipose tissue wraparound splint can make the recovery time relatively short.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2021

Temporal bone trauma can cause hearing loss and in case of prolonged conductive hearing loss, traumatic ossicular injury should be considered. Separation of the incudostapedial joint is the most common lesion, and stapediovestibular dislocation is relatively rare but can easily cause perilymphatic fistula. Here, we report a very rare case of external stapediovestibular dislocation after trauma, ending up with successful surgical outcome. A 27-year-old man with non-progressive hearing loss on the right side since childhood visited the clinic. Audiogram showed a conductive hearing loss with air-bone gap of 55 dB on the right side. Temporal bone CT revealed the disruption of ossicular chain. An exploratory tympanotomy identified multiple ossicular disruptions including external stapediovestibular dislocation with shiny fibrous membrane sealing the oval window. Ossicular chain reconstruction was performed using the total ossicular replacement prosthesis of titanium. A postoperative audiogram showed a recovery of air-bone gap less than 10 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of external long-standing stapediovestibular dislocation, with oval window completely sealed with fibrous membrane, ending up with successful hearing recovery by surgery. This case would help dealing with such condition which can be encountered in the clinic.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2021

Temporal bone trauma can cause hearing loss and in case of prolonged conductive hearing loss, traumatic ossicular injury should be considered. Separation of the incudostapedial joint is the most common lesion, and stapediovestibular dislocation is relatively rare but can easily cause perilymphatic fistula. Here, we report a very rare case of external stapediovestibular dislocation after trauma, ending up with successful surgical outcome. A 27-year-old man with non-progressive hearing loss on the right side since childhood visited the clinic. Audiogram showed a conductive hearing loss with air-bone gap of 55 dB on the right side. Temporal bone CT revealed the disruption of ossicular chain. An exploratory tympanotomy identified multiple ossicular disruptions including external stapediovestibular dislocation with shiny fibrous membrane sealing the oval window. Ossicular chain reconstruction was performed using the total ossicular replacement prosthesis of titanium. A postoperative audiogram showed a recovery of air-bone gap less than 10 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of external long-standing stapediovestibular dislocation, with oval window completely sealed with fibrous membrane, ending up with successful hearing recovery by surgery. This case would help dealing with such condition which can be encountered in the clinic.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2011

BSSRO (bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy) is an effective surgical method for maxillofacial deformities. Rigid fixation using a plate and screws can stabilize bony segments and induce early mouth opening. Though this procedure has a low complication rate, normal function and esthetic recovery is achieved through proper and early management of the complications. Complications consisting of temporomandibular disorders, sensory disturbances due to inferior alveolar nerve damage, open bite, malunion or nonunion, and facial nerve palsy occur, but these rarely develop. Facial nerve palsy causes the muscles involved in facial expression to depress, which results in ocular dryness or retinal damage. When facial nerve palsy develops, early management involving steroid medication and physical therapy is effective. In the case of severe damage, surgical intervention should be considered. A 20-year-male patient came to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department for orthognathic surgery. The mandible was set back by BSSRO under general anesthesia. Facial nerve palsy was observed on the left side of the face: steroid and vitamins were administered early and physical therapy was performed daily. These forms of management can aid in function and allow for gradual esthetic recovery. Presumed causes were excessive soft tissue retraction or soft tissue injury by the osteotome at the horizontal osteotomy of the ramus. Careful dissection, retraction and a precise osteotomy are needed for protection of the facial nerve. If nerve damage is observed, early management can help in the recovery of facial nerve function and esthetics.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.635-639
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• 2000

Objective : Surgery for the microvascular decompression is mostly concerned with injury to the cranial nerves or brain stem by cerebellar retraction. Intraopeartive brain stem auditory evoked potentials(BAEPs) has been continuously monitored on surgery to evaluate the extent of injury, recovery of the nerves and prognosis. Methods : Of the 161 cases of CP angle surgery from Feb. 1996 to Apr. 1998, 103 cases were monitored during operation. Thirty five patients who had undergone similar surgery were selected and evaluated ; 23 patients were monitored and 12 were not during surgery. If monitor showed more than 0.5 mSec delay of latency, surgeon was given a warning not to retract brain any more. If more than 1mSec delay, surgeon was informed to stop surgery and wait for the returning of evoked potentials. The level of amplitudes and delay of latencies during the initial stage of operation, opening the dura, insertion of teflon patches, and closing the dura and recovery were then compared. Resuls : Twenty patients were male and 15 were female. Their average age was 50.26 years. Mean amplitude during the initial stage of operation was $0.60{\pm}0.25mV$, at opening the dura $0.56{\pm}0.26$, after teflon patches insertion $0.49{\pm}0.20$, and after closure of dura $0.47{\pm}0.28mV$. Mean latency during the early stage of operation was $6.08{\pm}0.67mSec$, at opening of dura $6.38{\pm}0.55$, insertion of teflon $6.97{\pm}0.59$, and closing the dura $6.17{\pm}0.54$. There was statistical significance in the difference of amplitudes between each procedures, and in the difference of latencies. For the complete recovery of amplitude and latency, it usually took average 5.65 minutes(0-20 min). In monitored group, only one patient required more than 20 minutes to recover and suffered from hearing disturbance after surgery. Others were recovered within 10 minutes without complications. However, 4 out of 12 patients who were not monitored showed hearing disturbance, and 1 patient had temporary facial palsy and dizziness(p＝0.000). Conclusion : The results indicate that continuous intraoperative monitoring of BAEPs during CP angle surgery is seen mandatory procedure to prevent operative complications.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 발치 및 임프란트 수술 이후 발생하는 지각이상을 분석하여 추후 지각이상의 평가 및 처치시 예측 가능한 지침을 확립하기 위함이다. 발치 및 임프란트 수술 이후 지각이상의 경험여부를 묻는 설문조사에 응답한 276명의 치과의사를 대상으로, 지각이상이 발생한 환자의 연령 및 성별, 지각이상이 발생한 위치, 동반증상, 회복율 및 회복기간에 대한 분석을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 지각이상은 환자의 성별, 연령과 상관성이 없었다. 2. 지각마비의 발생부위는 하악 구치부에서 가장 많이 발생되었으며 이는 발치 및 임프란트 시술시 지각마비가 발생한 경우에 모두 적용되었다(발치군: 93.2%, 임프란트군: 100%). 3. 가장 많이 동반된 증상은 동통으로, 발치의 경우 46.5%, 임프란트의 경우 44.8%로 지각마비 이후 통증을 호소하고 있었다. 4. 회복율은 발치의 경우 72.3%, 임프란트 수술 후 71.8%로 보고되었다. 대부분의 경우 지각이상이 6개월 이내에 해소되었다. 결론적으로, 발치 및 임프란트 수술 후 발생한 대부분의 지각이상은 발병 후 약 1년내에 해소된다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 영구적인 지각이상의 발생가능성 또한 무시할 수 없다. 따라서 임상가는 환자에게 신경손상의 가능성을 미리 고지하고, 동의서 양식에 이에 대한 내용을 포함하도록 해야 한다. 또한 지각이상이 발생한 후, 객관적으로 예후를 평가하기 위하여 다양한 방법을 통해 지각이상의 경과를 기록할 수 있어야 하며, 보다 효과적이고 비침습적인 처치를 위하여 조기에 구강안면통증 전문가에게 의뢰하는 것을 고려해 보아야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2013

Ginsenosides are divided into two groups based on the types of the panaxadiol group (e.g., ginsenoside-Rb1 and -Rc) and the panaxatriol group (e.g., ginsenoside-Rg1 and -Re). Among them, ginsenoside-Re (G-Re) is one of the compounds with the highest content in Panax ginseng and is responsible for pharmacological effects. However, it is not yet well reported if G-Re increases the hemodynamics functions on ischemia (30 min)/reperfusion (120 min) (I/R) induction. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether treatment of G-Re facilitated the recovery of hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output) and left ventricular developed pressure (${\pm}dp/dt_{max}$). This research is designed to study the effects of G-Re by studying electrocardiographic changes such as QRS interval, QT interval and R-R interval, and inflammatory marker such as tissue necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in heart tissue in I/R-induced heart. From the results, I/R induction gave a significant increase in QRS interval, QT interval and R-R interval, but showed decrease in all hemodynamic parameters. I/R induction resulted in increased TNF-${\alpha}$ level. Treatment of G-Re at 30 and $100{\mu}M$ doses before I/R induction significantly prevented the decrease in hemodynamic parameters, ameliorated the electrocardiographic abnormality, and inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$ level. In this study, G-Re at $100{\mu}M$ dose exerted more beneficial effects on cardiac function and preservation of myocardium in I/R injury than $30{\mu}M$. Collectively, these results indicate that G-Re has distinct cardioprotectective effects in I/R induced rat heart.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Objectives : Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood is a famous pharmacopuncture treatment that treated disease caused by static blood. Hyolhae(Sp10) is also a famous point of acupuncture that treated that. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood into Hyolhae(Sp10) on BAX and BCL-2 expression in the experimental traumatic brain injury(TBI) rats. Methods : Male rats were divided into 3 groups. I was no treatment after TBI. II was treatment with needle-prick acupuncture after TBI. III was treatment with Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood into Hyolhae(Sp10) after TBI. The author carried out neurological motor behavioral test, histological assessment test. Neurological motor behavior tests consist of rotarod test, beam-walking test and postural reflex test. In the histological assessment test, BAX and BCL-2 expression, hematoxylin & eosin staining were experimented. Results : In neurological motor behavior tests, motor and cognitive function recovery was significantly increased in the II, III as compared with I (p<0.05). Especially III was significantly increased as compared with II (p<0.05). BAX expression was significantly decresed in order of the III, II, I after 7 and 14 days later. BCL-2 expression was investigated in the III, II as compared with I. Especially Most incresed expression was experimented in the III. Conclusions : According to the above results, Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood can inhibit apoptosis of cells after TBI in rats by contol of BAX and BCL expression.