• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2008

The performance of crash cushion systems is certified through the full scale crash tests by the standard for installation and maintenance guidelines for roadside safety appurtenance. The impact severities of impacting vehicles in collision with crash cushion systems are rated by indices THIV and PHD. Crash test results are considered to study the performance of three crash cushion systems. In case of the frontal impact or the offset frontal impact, the results show that THIV values of three systems are very close to the threshold limit for the occupant protection. Also, the results show that PHD would be improper for the occupant protection performance index. In order to improve the occupant protection performance of crash cushions, ASI needs to be included in the impact severity index.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2001

The importance of development of occupational safety index is truly great. It will contribute to the wise direction of safety program. In present, frequency and severity ratios were the standard measure. These terms express the incidence of major injuries and severity of the major injuries experience, each with relation to the employee-hours of work exposure during the period that is measured. But these measure don't expressed the dangerous feeling degree of worker. In this study, Effective Industrial Safety Index(EISI) was developed using dangerous feeling degree of worker, frequency of injuries, and severity of injury. EISI can be used as an aid for effective safety management in workplace.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the acupuncture therapy in combination with Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on acute whiplash injury by traffic accident. And thermal change of posterior neck and shoulder was observed. Methods : The clinical study was conducted to 20 cases of acute whiplash injury patients who had been admitted in Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibusion, Woosuk University Hospital from December 1, 2010 to May 31, 2011. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In one group(test group), patients were treated with the acupuncture therapy in combination with Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy. And in the other group(control group), patients were treated with acupuncture therapy only. To estimate the efficacy of treatments, visual analog scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI) of posterior neck pain were checked. And also thermal change of posterior neck and shoulder was observed by digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI). Results : Both group represented effective improvement in VAS and NDI of posterior neck pain. Especially, test group is more effective than control group in VAS comparison, statistically. In test group, temperature of posterior neck and shoulder was decreased after treatments. But there was no significant difference between two groups on thermographic change. Conclusions : Through this study, Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy is considered to be effective for reducing pain in acute whiplash injury patients. And after Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy, temperature of posterior neck and shoulder show a tendency to decrease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Background: It was hypothesized that the immunomodulating effects of moxifloxacin contribute to ameliorate oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by suppression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). This was based on observations from experiments on rats associated with neutrophilic respiratory burst, cPLA2 activity, and expressions of cPLA2, $TNF{\alpha}$, and COX-II in the lung. Methods: ALI was induced by intravenous injection of OA in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five hours after OA injection, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and numbers of BAL neutrophils were measured. As an index of oxidative stress-induced lung injury, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissues was also determined. Lung histology, immunohistochemistry and determination of activity of cPLA2 in lung tissues were carried out. In addition, Western blotting of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-II in lung tissues was performed. Results: The accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs was observed after OA injection. BAL protein was increased along with neutrophilic infiltration and migration by OA. Moxifloxacin decreased all of these parameters of ALI and ameliorated ALI histologically. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung by OA was also decreased by moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin not only suppressed cPLA2 expression in the lungs and neutrophils but also decreased cPLA2 activity in lung tissues of rats given OA. The enhanced expressions of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lung tissues of rats given OA were also suppressed by moxifloxacin. Conclusion: Moxifloxacin inhibited cPLA2 and down-regulated $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lungs of rats given OA, which resulted in the attenuation of inflammatory lung injury.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to identify the epidemiologic characteristics of hand tendon injuries in children and to compare these with those of adults. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on acute traumatic tendon injuries of the hand treated at our institution from 2005 to 2013, based on medical records and X-ray findings. Age, sex, hand injured, mechanism of injury, tendons and zones injured, number of affected digits, and comorbidities and complications were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: a pediatric group (${\leq}15years$) and an adult group (>15 years). Results Over the 9-year study period, 533 patients were surgically treated for acute traumatic tendon injuries of the hand. In the pediatric group (n=76), being male, the right hand, the extensor tendon, complete rupture, the middle finger, and glass injury predominated in hand tendon injuries. In the adult group (n=457), results were similar, but injury to the index finger and knife injury were the most common. An accompanying fracture was more common in the adult group and complication rates were non-significantly different. Conclusions This comparative analysis revealed no significant epidemiologic intergroup differences. The belief that pediatric tendon injuries tend to be less severe is misplaced, and careful physical examination and exploration should be conducted in pediatric cases of hand injury.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.22-38
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and anticirrhotic effects of Ganyeumilhobang(GIE) on the acute and chronic liver injury induced by various agents. Chronic liver injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) ; a new experimental model for cirrhosis and the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat. Acute liver njury induced by carbon tetrachloride$(CCl_4)$ and D-galactosamine ; a experimental model for acute liver injury, the administration of $CCl_4$ and the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine in the rat. The development of fibrosis and acute liver injury by the three prescriptions were examined by the chemical analysis of AST, ALT, prothrombin time and hydroxyproline. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The increasing level of hydroxyproline volume induced by DMN in mice was decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 2. The degree of histological fibrosis and hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration induced by $CCl_4$ decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 3. The increase of senun AST and ALT of mice with acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ and D-galactosamine was inhibited by the administration of GIB. 4. The prolongation of prothrombin time(seconds) of mice acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ was shortened by the oral administration of GIB. 5. The liver of mice was hepatectomized partial1y after the oral administration of GIB. The mitotic index(% of nuclei), weight of liver, contents of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis of the liver tissue were increased by the oral administration of GIB.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.479-491
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• 1998

In order to know the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in association with the oxidative stress by neutrophils, the role of platelet activating factor (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine, PAF) was investigated during acute lung injury induced by interleukin- $1{\alpha}$ (IL-1) in rats. An insufflation of IL-1 into the rat's trachea increased the acetyltransferase activity in the lung and the increase of PAF content was followed. As evidences of acute lung injury by neutrophilic respiratory burst, lung leak index, myeloperoxidase activity, numbers of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, neutrophilic adhesions to endothelial cells and NBT positive neutrophils were increased after IL-1 treatment. In addition, a direct instillation of PAF into the trachea caused acute lung leak and the experimental results showed a similar pattern in comparison with IL-1 induced acute lung injury. For the confirmation of oxidative stress during acute lung leak by IL-1 and PAF, a histochemical electron microscopy was performed. In IL-1 and PAF treated lungs of rats, the deposits of cerrous perhydroxide were found. To elucidate the role of PAF, an intravenous injection of PAF receptor antagonist, WEB 2086 was given immediately after IL-1 or PAF treatment. WEB 2086 decreased the production of hydrogen peroxide and the acute lung leak. In ultrastructural study, WEB 2086 mitigated the pathological changes induced by IL-1 or PAF. The nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) was activated by PAF and this activation was inhibited by WEB 2086 almost completely. Based on these experimental results, it is suggested that the PAF produced in response to IL-1 through the remodeling pathway has the major role for acute lung injury by neutrophilic respiratory burst. In an additional experiment, we can also come to conclude that the activation of the NFkB by PAF is thought to be the fundamental mechanism to initiate the oxidative stress by neutrophils causing release of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of phospholipase $A_2$.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.2-14
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• 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study was to report the incidence of falls in hospitals and analyze the risk factors for falls. Methods: This study used data on 1,216 patients who experienced falls from 2015 to 2017 during their hospitalization. The data was collected from the falls incident reports and patient' electronic medical record of hospital. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple Poisson regression analysis with the SAS 9.4 Results: The incidence of falls was 1.38 per 1,000 patients days (2015), 1.81 per 1,000patients days (2016) and 1.99 per 1,000patients days (2017). The incidence of injury caused by falls (level III~V) was 0.05 per 1,000patients days (2015), 0.04 per 1,000patients days (2016) and 0.06 per 1,000patients days (2017). The largest number of falls occurred during night shift (42.5%), specifically in the patients' room (70.8%), and medical unit (66.0%). Average age of fallers was 69.1 years and 61.7% of them were older than 71 years. CCI and the patient's department have statistically significant differences in injury or injury levels from falls, but the integrated nursing care services had no significant difference in injury or injury levels from falls. Conclusion: The result of this study can be used as a reference for establishing a fall prevention strategy for hospitalized patients by presenting index values such as the fall rate.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1221-1227
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• 2023

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary lutein on egg production, follicles, reproductive hormones, fertility, hatchability, and oxidative injury indexes of hens. Methods: Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and three lutein-supplementing diets at 25 (L1), 50 (L2), or 75 (L3) mg/kg of diet. Egg production was measured using 576 Arbor Acres breeder hens at 61 to 65 wk and follicles grades, reproductive hormones, fertility, hatchability, tissue lutein contents, and oxidative injury indexes were determined at 65 wk. Results: The results showed that at 65 wk, lutein- supplementing diets increased (p<0.05) egg production, follicular grades, fertility, hatchability, estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone, progesterone (PROG), lutein content in the serum and yolk, compared to CON. L2 and L3 showed more pronounced (p<0.05) effects on egg production, PROG, and yolk lutein content than L1. With the increase of lutein doses from 25 to 75 mg/kg, there were linear increases (p<0.05) in egg production, lutein content, and PROG, and a quadratic trend (p<0.05) in E2. For the oxidative injury products, lutein-supplementing diets decreased (p<0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) in the serum, MDA and 8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the yolk. There were linear decreases (p<0.05) in 8-OHdG in the serum, MDA, PCO, and 8-OHdG in the yolk, a quadratic trend (p<0.05) on serum 8-OHdG. Conclusion: It is concluded that lutein supplementation can improve egg production and fertility by beneficially regulating reproductive hormones and oxidative status in aged hens.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.34-48
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• 2019

Background: Fall-related injuries in older adults are a major health problem, and the risks and mechanisms of these injuries should be affected by race, culture, living environment, and/or economic status. Objects: Research articles have been systematically reviewed to understand fall-related injuries in older adults in South Korea. Methods: 128 published research papers have been found through the Korea Citation Index and the Korean Studies Information Service System, and reviewed in various perspectives, including incidents, fall death rates, medical costs, causes, injury sites and types, locations where falls occurred, prevention strategies, scholarly fields interested in fall injuries, and the role of physical therapy. Results: Fall-related injuries were found to be more common in women than in men, and the number of incidents increased with age, with the highest rate found in individuals over 85 years old. Risk of fall injury was associated with education level, comorbidities, and fear of falling. Common places where falls occurred included the bathroom, living room, stairs, and hallway. Common types of injury included bruises, fractures, and sprains in the lower extremities. Intervention strategies included exercise programs, education, and protective clothing. Scholarly fields interested in fall-related injuries in older adults included medicine, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physical education, pharmacology, oriental medicine, biomedical engineering, design, clothing, and textiles. Physical therapy intervention using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation has been used to improve one's balance. Conclusion: Any movement during the activities of daily living can lead to a fall. Physical therapists are highly educated to analyze human movements and should be involved in more research and practices to solve fall-related injuries in older adults.