• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2012

Objectives : According to previous reports, heating-conduction acupuncture treatment is very effective for sprain and strain of ligament. But there was no report about pain aggravation by heating-conduction acupuncture and relief from bee venom injection. In this article, we report two cases of pain aggravation by heating-conduction acupuncture treatment and relief from bee venom injection. Methods : We used heating-conduction acupuncture treatment on possible sprain of sacroiliac ligament diagnosed by physical examination. Outcomes were measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Range of Motion(ROM) and Belt test, Goldthwait test. Results : The patient has shown an aggravation on pain and ROM. And after we use subcutaneous bee venom injection, pain has relieved and ROM improved. Belt test, Goldthwait test also changed from positive to negative. Conclusions : In this report, we assured the effect of Bee venom injection. Further well-designed, controlled studies and more cases are needed to differentiate the indication of heating-conduction acupuncture and bee venom injection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.30 no.6 s.249
• /
• pp.553-559
• /
• 2006

Most diesel injector, which is currently used in high-pressure common rail fuel injection system of diesel engine, is driven by the solenoid coil energy for its needle movement. The main disadvantage of this solenoid-driven injector is a high power consumption, high power loss through solenoid coil and relatively fixed needle response's problem. In this study, a prototype piezo-driven injector, as a new injector mechanism driven by piezoelectric energy based on the concept of inverse piezo-electric effect, has been designed and fabricated to know the effect of piezo-driven injection processes on the diesel spray structure and internal nozzle flow. Firstly we investigated the spray characteristics in a constant volume chamber pressurized by nitrogen gas using the back diffusion light illumination method for high-speed temporal photography and also analyzed the inside nozzle flow by a fully transient simulation with cavitation model using VOF(volume of fraction) method. The numerical calculation has been performed to simulate the cavitating flow of 3-dimensional real size single hole nozzle along the injection duration. Results were compared between a conventional solenoid-driven injector and piezo-driven injector, both equipped with the same micro-sac multi-hole injection nozzle. The experimental results show that the piezo-driven injector has short injection delay and a faster spray development and produces higher injection velocity than the solenoid-driven injector. And the predicted simulation results with the degree of cavitation's generation inside nozzle for faster needle response In a piezo-driven injector were reflected to spray development in agreement with the experimental spray images.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.23 no.1 s.29
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 1990

Since the reservoir of leptospires organism is consisted of a broad spectrum of animals, the best method of prevention is vaccination. The clinical trial of leptospires vaccine conducted on human volunteer for its immunogenicity and safety. Summarized results are as following : 1. The Oral temperature among vaccinated group ranged from $36.7{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;37.0{\pm}0.34^{\circ}C$, while in placebo injected group it ranged from $36.4{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;36.7{\pm}0.53^{\circ}C$. There was no association between vaccination and fever (p>0.05) 2. Mild local reactions revealed in vaccinees were swelling (50-75% ), Redness($75{\sim}90%$), and induration ($25{\sim}40%$). Placebo injected group revealed only redness in 12.5% in 1st injection and 37.5% in second injection. The duration local reactions on injection site for th vaccinees and place groups disappeared within 48 hours. 3. Generalized Symptoms complained by the vaccinees were myalgia (25%), back pain(15%), headache (15%), pruritus(15%), and abdominal pain(10%), whereas placebo group complained of headache (25%), myalgia(12.5%), back pain(12.5%), pain in eyes(12.5%), abdominal pain(12.5%) pruritus (12.5%) and nausea(12.5%). 4. The serological test(MAT) of vaccinees showed geometric mean antibody titer as follows : a. L. icterohemorrhagiae lai 1 week after 1st vaccination : 22.45 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 111.23 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 266.64 b. L. canicola canicola 1 week after 1st vaccination : 24.62 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 123.92 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 276.55 c. L. icterohemorrhagiae copenhageni 1 week after 1st vaccination : 28.28 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 128.55 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 247.88 Whereas all of the place injected group showed below 1:20 titers. The sero-conversion rate of vaccinees were 100 percent.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2005

Recently, difficulties in soft ground improvement that caused by effectiveness of the ground improvement, the durability and environmentally friendliness of the injection material come to the fore. This paper studies the field applicability of the SCM in reinforcement and seepage cutoff of the back of an existing continuous wall. SCM uses double rod which imposes heavy pressure($10-100kgf/cm^2$) to disturbed, cut, discharge, and mix the ground. It is observed that a bulb is formed by using cement paste and environmentally friendly injection materials with minimal alkali leaching. Unconfined compression test and fish poison tests are performed. Test results indicate that the method results in higher durability, less leaching through use of the environmentally friendly injection material, and faster mobilization of the strength. In addition, field tests confirm the formation of the bulb and the seepage cutoff wall.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2020

Background: Low back pain secondary to discopathy is a common pain disorder. Multiple minimally invasive therapeutic modalities have been proposed; however, to date no study has compared percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) with intradiscal injection of radiopaque gelified ethanol (DiscoGel^®). We are introducing the first study on patient-reported outcomes of DiscoGel^® vs. PLDD for radiculopathy. Methods: Seventy-two patients were randomly selected from either a previous strategy of PLDD or DiscoGel^®, which had been performed in our center during 2016-2017. Participants were asked about their numeric rating scale (NRS) scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, and progression to secondary treatment. Results: The mean NRS scores in the total cohort before intervention was 8.0, and was reduced to 4.3 in the DiscoGel^® group and 4.2 in the PLDD group after 12 months, which was statistically significant. The mean ODI score before intervention was 81.25% which was reduced to 41.14% in the DiscoGel^® group and 52.86% in the PLDD group after 12 months, which was statistically significant. Between-group comparison of NRS scores after two follow-ups were not statistically different (P = 0.62) but the ODI score in DiscoGel^® was statistically lower (P = 0.001). Six cases (16.67%) from each group reported undergoing surgery after the follow-up period which was not statistically different. Conclusions: Both techniques were equivalent in pain reduction but DiscoGel^® had a greater effect on decreasing disability after 12 months, although the rate of progression to secondary treatments and/or surgery was almost equal in the two groups.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.501-508
• /
• 2022

Required essential technique is to determine the maximum recharge pressure in the well with condition of non-ground failure for the recovery of the groundwater. Based on the classical soil mechanics, the maximum recharge pressure was estimated with the numerical anlaysis and laboratory triaxial test. In the numerical analysis, the maximum recharge pressure is defined as the ground failure stress. The ground failure of the sand was defined as the piping and the one of the caly was to the undrained failure by the confined pressure increment. In the triaxial test, the recharge pressure in the ground was modified by the back pressure in the specimen. In case of sand, the volume strain was dramatically increased at the 93 % of the maximum back pressure, same meaning of the 0 effective stress state. In case of clay, the only radial volume strain was to reached 1.5 % without failure. Therefore, The maximum recharge pressure could be determined with the numerical analysis and triaxial test.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to examine the changes in the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) scores before and after epidural steroid injection (ESI) in patients with lower back pain, and the correlation between the three scales in patients with reduced scores on these scales. Patients completed the NRS, ODI, and RMDQ before and after receiving ESI. A paired t-test was performed to compare the mean scores obtained before and after ESI. The correlations between the scores were estimated by calculating the difference between the baseline and follow-up scores. Of the 49 patients, 37 completed both questionnaire assessments. Among them, 26 patients (70%) presented a post-ESI decrease in scores obtained on all three scales. The NRS score decreased from 6.81±1.91 points at baseline to 3.66±2.22 points at follow-up (P<0.0001); similarly, the ODI score decreased from 41.65±14.76 to 30.38±16.16 points (P=0.0025); and the RMDQ score decreased from 11.11±5.68 to 7.64±5.74 points (P=0.011). Of the 37 patients who completed the two questionnaires, 26 had reduced NRS, ODI, and RMDQ scores. The intraclass correlation coefficients between the NRS and ODI, NRS and RMDQ, and ODI and RMDQ scores were 0.7943, 0.6615, and 0.7182, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficients between the NRS and ODI, NRS and RMDQ, and ODI and RMDQ scores were 0.6020, 0.4938, and 0.5202, respectively. Among the measurements, the correlation between the NRS and ODI scores was the highest, and a moderate correlation was found between the scores obtained using the other instruments.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 1998

The result of studying papers about management of lower back pain published in domestic and foreign nursing and medical magazines in these 10 years is as follows ; 1. General characteristic of lower back pain ; 1) In sex distribution, there were more men than women in 5 papers and more women than men in 4 papers among 9 papers surveryed. 2) In age distribution, thirties to forties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by general hospitals and fifties to sixties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by oriental medical hospitals. 3) In cause factor, there were 50 to 65% of sprain, 32 to 44% of herniated intervertebral disc and 13 to 29% of degenerative changes. 4) In symtom distribution, there were 26 to 57% of lower back pain, 42 to 65% of lower back pain with radiating pain and 34 to 99% of paravertevral muscle spasm. 5) In period of pain management distribution, 18 to 40% of patients experienced pain for less than 6 months and 59 to 82% of them experienced pain for more than 6 months in 3 papers among 4 papers. 6) In surveying the treatment, 66 to 88% of patients had conservative treatment and there were treatments of general hospital, oriental medicine, self remedy and traditional practice in conservative treatment. 7) In job distribution, 12 to 50% of them were housekeepers, 23 to 31% office workers, 4.6 to 36% blue color workers and 11 to 15% students. 2. As psychological character lower back pain paients had anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, neurasthenia, hypochondriasis, and interpersonal sensitivity. 3. To distinguish the cause of lower back pain, plain lumbar roentgenogram, straight leg rasing test, eletromyelogic findings, somatosensory evoked potentials CT and MRI were performed. 4. To relieve lower back pain. epidural adhesiolysis, epidulal injection of local anesthetic in mixture with steroid, lumbar spinal root block, low level laser therapy, acupuncture like transcutaneous nerve stimulation(AL TENS), topical capsaicin and lumbar orthotics were used in medical field, and relaxation technique was used in nursing field. 5. Mckenzie's extension exercise and William's flexsion exercise for lower back pain were used in medical field and Yoga exercise was applied in nursing field. 6. The more school education and self efficacy were high, the better they had active coping lower back pain positively and the less self efficacy was the more they had serious pain. As a result of studying the paper there have been very little research for lower back pain in nursing fields of Korea and foreign countries. Because 60 to 80% of population expeience lower back pain at least more than once, it is necessary to develop the study and clinical practice for management of lower back pain.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2001

In the present study, we investigated the effect of pretreatment of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia in rats. First of all, effects of PCPA injection on food intake and body weight in rats were investigated. During 4 days of PCPA injection (300 mg/kg BW once a day), food intake was decreased by 33% and daily gain in body weight was inhibited compared with controls. Twenty-four hours after last PCPA injection, food intake and gain in body weight returned toward almost normal. Pair-feeding to PCPA (PCPAP) injection revealed that body weight of rats in PCPA group was not different from rats in PCPAP groups. To quantify the effects of LPS on food intake and body weight, we administered varying doses $(10,\;100,\;500\;{\mu}g/kg\;BW)$ of LPS to rats. LPS induced a reduction of food intake and weight loss in a dose dependent manner compared with controls. To evaluate the effects of PCPA pretreatment on LPS injection, rats were treated with PCPA for 4 days (300 mg/kg BW once a day), which was followed by LPS injection for 2 days $(500\;{\mu}g/kg\;BW\;once\;a\;day)$ (PCPA+LPS group), while rats in LPS group had injections with normal saline instead of PCPA for 4 days, which was followed by LPS administration. Rats in control group received 0.9% NaCl for 6 days. LPS decreased food intake by 80% and inhibited gain in body weight, while PCPA pretreated rats showed normalized food intake and gain in weight during the days of LPS injections compared with controls. In conclusion, pretreatment of PCPA prevented LPS-induced anorexia.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the injection characteristics of 800 kPa compressed natural gas compressed natural gas (CNG) injector developed in Korea. The CNG injector with multi-holes, employed in this experiment, was designed to inject CNG in the manifold at high pressure of 800 kPa. The spray macroscopic visualization test was carried out via Schlieren photography to study fuel-air mixing process. The fundamental spray characteristics, such as spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray velocity, were evaluated in the constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) with varying the constant back pressure in CVCC from 0 to 1.8 bar. For the safety reason, nitrogen ($N_2$) and an acetone tracer were utilized as a surrogate gas fuel instead of CNG. The surrogate gas fuel pressures were controlled at 3, 5.5, and 8 bar, respectively. Injection durations were set at 5 ms throughout the experiment. The simulating events of the low engine speed were arranged at 1,000 rpm. The spray images were recorded by using a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 10,000 f/s at $512{\times}256pixels$. The spray characteristics were analyzed by using the image processing (Matlab). The results showed the significant difference that higher injection pressure had more effect on the spray shape than the lower injection pressure. When the injection pressure was increased, the longer spray penetration occurred. Moreover, the linear relation between speed and time are dependent on the injection pressure as well.