• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1988

A number of laboratory and field experiments have performed with aqueous extracts from fresh leaves, fallen leaves and roots of Pinus rigida in order to investigae the effetct of the pine tree. The results obtained found its inhibitive effect on the germination and growth of tested species. Though relative germination ratio of the species was somewhat lower than the control plot, severe inhibition was observed in relative dry weight ration, These results were more obvious in aqueous extracts than in the case of leachates and similar results were also confirmed by field bioassays on the forest soil of P. rigida. Therefore, to find out the inhibitory sybstancesm 14 different kinds of KDICical substances were isolatd from the leaved of the tree by chromato-graphy and nist if them were confirmed to be phenoic compounds, The growth of lettuce was inhibition was observed in the concentration of less than 5X10-3M soluton. Phenolic compounds are assumed the substance related to the allelopathic effect of P. rigida.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.260-261
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• 1987

The UV-pattern of several flavones, theier cytotoxicities against L1210 cell and their Inhibiting effects on ATPase from the cell seem to be correlated. 5.2'-Dihydroxy 6, 7, 8, 6'-tetramethoxyflavone ($ED_{50}$ = 2.3 ug/ml) and 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-6, 7, 8 trimethoxy flavone ($ED_{50}$ = 4.5 ug/ml), the most active flavones studied, have shown a narrow range of the absorbance ratio, Log $\varepsilon$ II/Log $\varepsilon$ I = 1.073 -1.109. They have inhibited the ATPase-activity to the greatest extent. These finding ssuggest that a certain angle between the flavone rings B and C plays an important role for the inhibition of the enzyme activity and thus the cytotoxicity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.338-344
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• 1994

I experimented on commercial infant formula in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis inhibition methods. I used several guinea pigs for this experiment. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) Commercial infant formula showed positive reactions, while soy-based formula showed negative reactions. 2) The products from different companies showed different reactions respectively The products of "A" company showed low allergenicity compared to the products of "B" company. The Products of "C" company showed the lowest allergenicity. 3) It seemed to be that the differences of allergenicity among the products by various companies were caused by the differences of the materials used, the combination ratio of materials, the heat treatment level, and manufacturing processes., and manufacturing processes.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

PURPOSE: Excessive activity of the upper trapezius (UT) muscle contributes to a rounded shoulder posture (RSP) through abnormal rotation of the scapula that weakens the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles. This study compared the effects of two arm-lifting exercises with and without the use of a Thera-band on the activities of LT, SA, and UT muscles, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with a rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Sixteen subjects with RSP participated in this study. All subjects performed arm-lifting (AL), diagonal arm-lifting (DAL), arm lifting with isometric adduction (ALIA), and diagonal arm-lifting with isometric adduction (DALIA) exercises. The surface electromyography data, LT, SA, UT, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratios were measured. A paired t-test was used to compare the differences between two arm-lifting exercises and two arm lifting with isometric adduction exercises. RESULTS: In ALIA and DALIA exercises, the UT muscle activity decreased significantly, whereas the LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio increased significantly. The activity of SA muscle increased significantly more with DALIA than that with DAL. CONCLUSION: Arm-lifting exercises using a Thera-band can be implemented as an effective way to reduce the UT overactivity and increase the SA activity and LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with RSP.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.59-79
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of reciprocal inhibition on spatial-temporal gait parameters in spastic hemiplegic patients through GaitRite system. The subjects were consisted 45 patients who had spastic hemiplegia due to stroke. All subjects randomly assigned to 3 group : manual reciprocal inhibition program group(manual group), neuromuscular electrical stimulation group(NMES group) and control group. The manual group received voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle. The NMES group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation on tibialis anterior. The control group was not recieved any therapeutic intervention. Before and after experiments, spatial-temporal gait parameters and functional ambulatory profile was measure in all patients. The data of 30 patients who complete experimental course were statistically analysed. The results of this study were as following : 1. The percentage of change of functional ambulatory profile were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 2. The percentage of change of gait velocity and cadence were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 3. Asymmetry ratio of gait elements were more improved in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 4. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with functional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in NMES group(p>.01). 5. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with unctional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in control group(p>.01). In conclusion, the present results revealed that reciprocal inhibition which produced by voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle can be improved spatial-temporal gait parameters including functional ambulatory profile in hemiplegic patients. Therefore, reciprocal inhibition is useful to improve functional activities in hemiplegic patient. Further study should be done to analyze the effects of intervention duration of reciprocal inhibition, appropriate muscle contraction, optimal time to apply the reciprocal inhibition in more long period.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

로즈마리(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)는 식품소재로서 널리 사용되고 있으며 다양한 생리활성이 보고되어 있다. 그러나 극성이 다른 용매 추출물의 상호작용과 생리활성에 관한 연구는 잘 정립되어서 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 로즈마리 분말을 hexane, EtOAc, MeOH 그리고 95%, 70%, 50% 또는 25% EtOH 및 물로 추출한 다음, 각각의 용매 추출물의 항산화, 항비만, 항 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성 및 미백효과 등을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 로즈마리 추출물의 항산화 및 tyrosinase 저해 효과는 비교적 극성이 높은 50% EtOH, 25% EtOH 및 증류수 추출물이 가장 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성억제는 EtOH의 농도가 높은 50~95%와 MeOH 추출물에서 효과가 가장 좋았다. 지방세포의 분화억제는 70% EtOH로 처리시에 가장 효과가 좋았으며, EtOH의 농도가 70% 보다 증가하거나 감소하였을 경우에는 농도에 비례하여 감소하였다. 본 실험의 결과 최적의 추출용매는 항산화, tyrosinase 저해, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성억제 및 지방세포의 분화 억제 등의 질환에 따라서 차이가 있었다. 이러한 추출용매를 고려하면 추출용매에 따라서 최적의 생리활성 성분의 종류와 함량이 차이가 있고 이로 인하여 생리활성 효과도 달라진 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nitrification characteristics of biological aerated filter (BAF) packed with ceramic media, especially focusing on nitrite build-up during nitrification. When increasing the nitrogen load above $1.63kgNH_4{^+}-N/m^3{\cdot}d$, ammonium removal efficiency decreased to less than 60% and the nitrite ratio ($NO_2{^-}-N/NO_x-N$) of higher than 75% was achieved due to the inhibitory free ammonia (FA, $NH_3-N$) concentration and oxygen limitation. FA inhibition, however, is not recommended strategy to promote nitrite build-up since FA concentration in the reactor is coupled with decreased ammonium removal efficiency. Nitrite ratio in the effluent was also affected by aeration rate and influent ammonium concentration. Ammonium oxidation was enhanced at a higher aeration rate regardless of influent ammonium concentration but, the nitrite ratio was dependent on both aeration rate and influent ammonium concentration. While a higher nitrite ratio was obtained when BAFs were fed with $50mgNH_4{^+}-N/L$ of influent, the nitrite ratio significantly decreased for a greater influent concentration of $200-300mgNH_4{^+}-N/L$. Taken together, aeration rate, influent ammonium concentration and FA concentrations kept in the BAF were found to be critical variables for nitrite accumulation in the BAF system.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1967

1. Within experimental chromatin, the total protein: DNA ratio did not vary in the same organs of control and irradiated rats. However, the amount of RNA and total protein associated with the DNA varied considerably among the different types of chromatin. In particular, the content of chromatin was the control tissue. RNA and total protein ratio of chromatins from brtain, liver, testis and spleen declined with experimental I organs. 2. There was the same quantitative relationship between the amount of RNA and the amount of histone-protein associated with DNA in chromatin. 3. RNA: DNA ratio of chromatin showed 1.5-2 times increas in the irradiated organs except brain. However, RNA: DNA ratio was decreased in chromatin by irradiation. 4. Histone-protein:residual protein ratio was greatly varied among the organs. However, the effect was not found by irradiation. 5. Priming activity of chromatin showed a higher value in testis and the activity was greater in organs with higher metabolic activity: 6. Inhibition of Actinomycin D is observable in chromatin from testis, liver, spleen and brain declined without relationship between irradiated and non-irradiated conditions. Ammonium sulfate showed increased priming activity by the electrostatic dissociation of DNA and histone in chromatin on the stimulation depending on property of chromatins. 7. It is suggested that the results support a proposal that testis and spleen of highly sensitive to irradiation should an increase in the priming activity whereas brain and liver of lower sensitivity decreased in the activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of water extracts from 4-, 5- and 6-year old red white ginseng roots on the inhibition of lipolysis in fat cells induced by toxohormone-L which has been known as lipolytic and anorexigenic factors. Toxohormone-L was obtained by partial purification of the ascites fluid from mice which had been inoculated with sarcoma-180. Each water extract of ginseng was effective in vitro against the inhibition of lipolysis induced by the toxohormone-L at the concentrations over 10~100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. At the concentration of 1,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, the inhibition ratio of lipolysis by the water extracts of 4-, 5- and 6-year old white ginseng roots were 56.3, 59.7 and 59.4%, and those of red ginseng roots were 78.6, 79.1 and 82.5%, respectively, indicating that the 6-year old red ginseng was the most effective in the inhibition of the lipolysis. The total inhibitory activity per gram of ginseng sample was higher in the 4-year and 5-year old white ginseng roots at the concentrations of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 1,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively, while for the red ginseng it was higher in the 6-year old ginseng than other ages regardless of the reaction concentration. Only once injection of the ginseng extracts(300 mg/ml in saline solution) with 10 ${mu}ell$/g of weight to the mice bearing sarcoma-180 was not effective against the extension of their life spans. On the contrary, the life spans of the mice were rather shortened by the injection of 5-year old white ginseng and 6-year old red ginseng, as compared to that of control.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2013

We reported previously that the extracts of Yacon tuber and leaf have spermatogenic activity and testosterone level increasing effect in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of testosterone level increasing effect of Yacon tuber and leaf extracts. In this study, we found that Yacon leaf extracts and chlorogenic acid, a constituent of Yacon extracts showed significantly inhibition effect of testosterone degradation in rat liver homogenate. We suggest that this could be a part of direct mechanism about increasing effect of testosterone level. Futhermore, we evaluated the inhibition effect of testosterone metabolism of Torilis japonica and Coix lacryma-jobi have been reported as $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibitor. The inhibition ratio of testosterone metabolism of these were Torilis japonica>Coix lacryma-jobi>Yacon. We also evaluated the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) score with the preparation composed of these natural product, Yacon pill. It showed the decreased the BPH score in men. Rats with BPH showed significantly increased dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in the serum; however, Yacon pill extracts treated rats showed significant reduction of DHT levels compared with the BPH group. Conclusively, Yacon pill showed the possibility as ameliorable agents of BPH symptoms.