• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of low-dose lidocaine on fentanyl-induced cough and hemodynamic changes under general anesthesia. This research was a randomized trial design and performed using a double-blind method. Methods: Data collection was performed from October 22, 2008, to May 4, 2009. One hundred and thirty two patients were randomly assigned to control group (Con G) and experimental group (Exp G) using a table of random numbers. Exp G (n=66) were administered 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine and Con G (n=66)) were administered saline. The occurrence of cough and vital sign were recorded within one minute after fentanyl bolus by an anesthesiologist. Collected data were analyzed using Repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS for Windows (Version 17.0). Results: The incidence of cough in Exp G was 13.6%, while Con G was 53%. The incidence cough in Exp G was significantly lower compared to Con G (p<.001). Lidocaine seemed not to suppress mean arterial pressure (p=.145), heart rate (p=.508), and oxygen saturation (p=.161). Conclusion: Intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine seems to suppress fentanyl-induced cough without affecting mean blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation. Therefore, we recommend intravenous 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine administration to suppress fentanyl-induced cough under general anesthesia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 2002

연구배경 : 급성호흡곤란증후군(ARDS)에서 호흡역학의 특징적인 변동은 폐 탄성(compliance) 감소와 폐 저항의 증가이다. 폐 저항의 증가 기전은 잘 밝혀지지 않았으나 임상에서는 ARDS 환자들의 기계환기시 기관지확장제를 흔히 투여하고 있다. 또한 상기 환자들에게 적용하는 호기말양압이 호흡저항에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 논란이 있다. 본 연구는 기계호흡을 받는 ARDS 환자들에서 기관지확장제 투여 및 호기말양압의 적용수준이 기도저항에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사 하였다. 연구방법 : 2000년 1월부터 12월까지 서울중앙병원 내과계중환자실에서 내원하였던 15명의 ARDS 환자들 (남 : 여 14:1, 평균나이 58세) 이 대상이었다. 기관지확장제 투여 전과 투여 후(정량식흡입기로 salbutamol 100ug 씩 6회) 무작위로 호기말양압을 8, 10, 12 cm $H_2O$로 변화시키면서 일정 흡기류에서 흡기말폐쇄 방법을 이용하여 폐 탄성, 최대흡기저항, 최소흡기저항 및 부가적저항을 측정하였다. 각종 호흡역학치는 CP-100 pulmonary monitor(Bicore, Irvine, CA, USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 대상 환자들의 최대흡기저항은 $8.27{\pm}3.70cmH_2O$/L/sec로 정상치보다 증가되었으며, 최소흡기저항 및 부가적저항 모두 증가되었기 때문이다. 2) 호기말양압 10 cm $H_2O$에 비교시 호기말양압 12 cm $H_2O$에서 최대흡가저항과 최고기도압이 증가되었다. 3) 흡입제 투여시 호기말양압 8 cm $H_2O$과 10 cm $H_2O$에서는 최대흡기저항, 최소흡기저항 및 부가적저항 모두 변화가 없었으나 호기말양압 12 cm $H_2O$에서 최대흡기저항이 감소하였으며 주로 최소흡기저항이 감소되었고 부가적저항은 큰 변동이 없었다(각각 $15.66{\pm}1.99$에서 $13.54{\pm}2.41$으로, $10.24{\pm}2.98$에서 $8.04{\pm}2.34$으로, 그리고 $5.42{\pm}3.41$에서 $5.50{\pm}3.58cmH_2O$/L/sec 으로 변동). 4) 폐 탄성은 호기말양압 변화와 흡입제 투여에 변동이 없었다. 결 론 : ARDS 환자들에서 기도 저항이 증가되어 있으며 기도확장제에 의한 기도 저항의 감소 효과는 적용된 호기말 양압의 수준에 따라 다르게 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 1999

A 4-year-old female Shih-tzu with severe episcleral congestion and buphthalmos in left eye was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chonnam National University in October 1998. During two months in local veterinary clinics, the dog had been treated unsuccessfully with tarsorrhaphy and antibiotics. By history taking, cause of the glaucoma was ascertained as accidental nonpenetrated cornea trauma by owner, Ophthalmic examination revealed that the left eye was buphthalmic with severe episcleral congestion, pain and fever. The direct pupillary light response could not be evaluated in the left eye, but right eye had normal reaction. The intraocular pressure was 4.5 mmHg in the right eye and 33 mmHg in the left eye, as measured with a Schiotz tonometer, Ultrasonographic finding revealed hyperechoic vitrous body and central echofree material. The Schirmer tear test showed 20 mm in the left eye and 8 mm in the right eye. The hematologic examination revealed monocytosis. The initial medical treatment was admitted, but there was no response. Transpalpebral enucleation in the left eye under inhalation anesthesia with enflurane 1.2 vol% in oxygen was performed. The day after operation the left eye ravealed no exudate, and pain, and the systemic vital signs were normal. The prognosis is excellent.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.861-868
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to design an effective atmospheric environment system through the design of the dust collection in the air shot room being operated in a domestic shipyard. The ventilation system in the current air shot room mostly uses a dust collecting filter to filter internal particles and releases them in the atmosphere. A conventional design was made too much. In order to prevent an error and draw an optimal design, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tried to be applied only to air shot room. In the advanced design technique, computer simulation was conducted to secure basic design data. In order to find the basic design of the ventilation system and the flow field in the air shot room at propeller mold workplace of a shipyard, the CFD was conducted. In the case of Model-1 as a conventional workplace, where air flows in the inlet due to the subatmospheric pressure generated by inhalation of an air blower and flows out to the outlet, a discharge flow rate was somewhat low, and there was the holdup zone in the room. In the case of Model-2 as an improved model, the ventilation system was improved in the Push-Pull type, and the holdup of the internal flow field was improved.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.150-150
• /
• 2016

Mankind is enjoying a great convenience of their life by the rapid growth of secondary industry since the Industrial Revolution and it is possible due to the invention of huge power such as engine. The automobile which plays the important role of industrial development and human movement is powered by the Engine Module, and especially Diesel engine is widely used because of mechanical durability and energy efficiency. The main work mechanism of the Diesel engine is composed of inhalation of the organic material (coal, oil, etc.), combustion, explosion and exhaust Cycle process then the carbon compound emissions during the last exhaust process are essential which is known as the major causes of air pollution issues in recent years. In particular, COx, called carbon oxide compound which is composed of a very small size of the particles from several ten to hundred nano meter and they exist as a suspension in the atmosphere. These Diesel particles can be accumulated at the respiratory organs and cause many serious diseases. In order to compensate for the weak point of such a Diesel Engine, the DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter) post-cleaning equipment has been used and it mainly consists of ceramic materials(SiC, Cordierite etc) because of the necessity for the engine system durability on the exposure of high temperature, high pressure and chemical harsh environmental. Ceramic Material filter, but it remains a lot of problems yet, such as limitations of collecting very small particles below micro size, high cost due to difficulties of manufacturing process and low fuel consumption efficiency due to back pressure increase by the small pore structure. This study is to test the possibility of new structure by direct infiltration of SiC Whisker on Carbon felt as the next generation filter and this new filter is expected to improve the above various problems of the Ceramic DPF currently in use and reduction of the cost simultaneously. In this experiment, non-catalytic VS CVD (Vapor-Solid Chemical Vaporized Deposition) system was adopted to keep high mechanical properties of SiC and MTS (Methyl-Trichloro-Silane) gas used as source and H2 gas used as dilute gas. From this, the suitable whisker growth for high performance filter was observed depending on each deposition conditions change (input gas ratio, temperature, mass flow rate etc.).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제78권4호
• /
• pp.455-458
• /
• 2015

Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is a disease entity of excessive reduction of the central airway diameter during exhalation, without cartilage collapse. An 80-year-old female presented with generalized edema and dyspnea at our hospital. The patient was in a state of acute decompensated heart failure due to pneumonia with respiratory failure. We accordingly managed the patient with renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation and antibiotics. Bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of EDAC. We scheduled extubation after the improvement of pneumonia and heart condition. However, extubation failure occurred due to hypercapnic respiratory failure with poor expectoration. Her EDAC was improved in response to high flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT). Subsequently, the patient was stabilized and transferred to the general ward. HFNOT, which generates physiologic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) effects, could be an alternative and effective management of EDAC. Further research and clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of HFNOT on EDAC.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.84-88
• /
• 2018

A 33-year-old woman visited the emergency department presenting with fever and dyspnea. She was pregnant with gestational age of 31 weeks and 6 days. She had dysuria for 7 days, and fever and dyspnea for 1 day. The vital signs were as follows: blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 118 beats/minute, respiratory rate 28/minute, body temperature $38.7^{\circ}C$, and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry 84% during inhalation of 5 liters of oxygen by nasal prongs. Crackles were heard over both lung fields. There were no signs of uterine contractions. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography scan showed multiple consolidations and air bronchograms in both lungs. According to urinalysis, there was pyuria and microscopic hematuria. She was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI) that progressed to severe sepsis and acute respiratory failure. We found extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in the blood culture and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the sputum culture. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with administration of antibiotics and supplementation of high-flow oxygen. On hospital day 2, hypoxemia was aggravated. She underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. After 3 hours, fetal distress was suspected. Under 100% fraction of inspired oxygen, her oxygen partial pressure was 87 mmHg in the arterial blood. She developed acute kidney injury and thrombocytopenia. We diagnosed her with multi-organ failure due to severe sepsis. After an emergent cesarean section, pneumonia, UTI, and other organ failures gradually recovered. The patient and baby were discharged soon thereafter.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Non-traditional materials are used for mask construction to address personal protective equipment shortages during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Reusable masks made from surgical sterilization wrap represent such an innovative approach with social media frequently referring to them as "N95 alternatives." This material was tested for particle filtration efficiency and breathability to clarify what role they might have in infection prevention and control. Methods: A heavyweight, double layer sterilization wrap was tested when new and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 autoclave sterilizing cycles and compared with an approved N95 respirator and a surgical mask via testing procedures using a sodium chloride aerosol for N95 efficiency testing similar to 42 CFR 84.181. Pressure testing to indicate breathability was also conducted. Results: The particle filtration efficiency for the sterilization wrap ranged between 58% to 66%, with similar performance when new and after sterilizing cycles. The N95 respirator and surgical mask performed at 95% and 68% respectively. Pressure drops for the sterilization wrap, N95 and surgical mask were 10.4 mmH2O, 5.9 mmH2O, and 5.1 mmH2O, respectively, well below the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health limits of 35 mmH2O during initial inhalation and 25 mmH2O during initial exhalation. Conclusions: The sterilization wrap's particle filtration efficiency is much lower than a N95 respirator, but falls within the range of a surgical mask, with acceptable breathability. Performance testing of non-traditional mask materials is crucial to determine potential protection efficacy and for correcting misinterpretation propagated through popular media.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.124-131
• /
• 2003

최근 치과영역에서 아산화질소(Nitrous Oxide)를 이용한 의식하 진정과 필은 진정의 임상 적용이 증가함에 따라 수술실 또는 진료실 환경이 아산화질소로 오염될 수 있다. 비록 낮은 농도일지라도 장기간 아산화질소에 노출 시 자연유산의 증가, 기형아 출산 증가, 말초신경염 및 운동신경 장애 등과 같은 부작용을 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 호흡시 흡입 공기의 구성성분의 변화를 줄 수 있는 구강 입구로부터 반경 12 inch 이내 영역인 호흡대역(Breathing zone)에서 아산화질소 농도는 치료자에게 영향을 주게된다. 소아 환자에게 주로 적용되는 깊은 진정시는 환자의 구호흡양에 따라서 호흡대역에서 아산화질소의 농도에 영향을 주게되므로, 깊은 진정시 구호흡의 증가 원인을 규명하기 위해 잉여가스 배출 방법을 달리하여 호흡대역에서 아산화질소 농도를 측정 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 깊은 진정을 시행하는 경우 호흡대역에서 아산화질소의 농도는 공급 가스량 증가에 의한 비기도 저항 증가에 따라 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 호흡대역에서 아산화질소 농도 증가는 구호흡 증가에 의한 것이며 구호흡은 비기도 저항과 관계가 있다 할 수 있다. 즉 비기도 저항 증가는 구호흡의 한 요인이라 할 수 있다. 음압을 사용한 호기가스 배출장치를 사용하여도 NIOSH에서 권장하는 허용치에는 미치지 못하였고 이를 위해서는 팬이나 다른 제거 장치가 함께 사용되어야 한다. 2. 구강편도의 크기는 기도 저항이 적은 경우 즉 음압을 사용하여 호기가스 제거하는 경우 구호흡에 영향을 주었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.558-570
• /
• 1996

연구배경 : 허탈성 기도의 분석은 만성 기도 질환 및 기관지 천식의 치료에 있어서 중요성을 가지고 있다. 순수한 허탈성 기도 질환과 기관지 천식에 의한 허탈성 기도 질환의 감별은, 전자는 pursed lip breathing이나 nasal positive pressure ventilation으로 치료하며, 후자는 약물요법이 사용된다는 점에서 중요하다. 기관지 천식이나 폐기종의 요인으로 고려되는 허탈성 기도는 비가역적인 기류 제한의 한 형태이며, 그것은 폐활량 측정법에 의해 측정되는 용적과 체적 기록법에 의해 측정되는 가스 압박에 의한 용적과의 차이를 비교함으로써 접근할 수 있다. 방법 : 폐활량 측정법을 이용하여 폐활량과 노력성 폐활량(SVC-FVC) 사이의 용적 차이를 측정함으로써, 기도 허탈의 지표로 유용한지를 조사하기 위해, 1995년 1월부터 7월까지, 본원 폐기능 검사실에 내원한 기류 폐쇄가 있는 환자 20명(만성폐쇄성폐질환 12명, 안정시의 기관지천식 7명, 만성폐쇄성폐질환과 기관지천식이 병합된 1명)과, 기류 폐쇄의 소견이 보이지 않는 정상인 20명을 대상으로 폐활량 측정법과 체적 기록법을 이용하여, 기관지 확장제 투여 전후의 폐활량 측정법 검사지표들의 변화를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 기류 폐쇄가 있는 환자의 평균 연령은 $58.3{\pm}7.24$(세), 신장은 $166{\pm}8.0$(cm), 체중은 $59.0{\pm}9.9$(kg)였으며, 정상인의 평균 연령은 $56.3{\pm}12.47$(세), 신장은 $165.9{\pm}6.9$(cm), 체중은 $64.4{\pm}0.4$(kg)으로 유의한 차이는 없었으며(p>0.05), 남녀비는 각각 14:6이었다. 2) 환자군의 SVC-FVC는 $395{\pm}317ml$, 정상군의 SVC-FVC는 $154{\pm}176ml$로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 두 군의 분별치를 208ml로 했을때 민감도와 특이도가 가장 높았다. 3) 기관지 확장제 투여후, 폐활량 측정법이나 체적 기록법으로 가역성 기도 폐쇄를 보인 경우는 환자군에서 16명, 대조군에서는 7명이었으며(p<0.05), 기관지 확장제 반응군 및 비반응군의 SVC-FVC는 각각 $300.4{\pm}306ml$, $144.7{\pm}180ml$로 유의 한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 4) 기관지 확장제 투여전의 SVC-FVC는, 기도 저항(Raw)과 연관이 있었으며(r=0.307 p=0.05), 기관지 확장제 투여후의 SVC-FVC는, 기관지 확장제 투여전의 SVC-FVG(r=0.559 p=0.0002), TGV(r=0.488 p=0.002)및 기관지 확장제 투여후의 기도 저항(r=0.583 p=0.0001), TGV(r=0.375 p=0.0170)와 연관이 있었다. 5) 전체 실험군에서 흡연자(28명)와 비흡연자(12명)의 SVC-FVC는 각각 $267.5{\pm}303ml$, $277.5{\pm}276ml$이었으며, 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 결론 : 폐활량계에 의한 SVC-FVC측정이 허탈성 기도를 분석하고, 치료방침을 결절하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.