• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.809-820
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• 2016

The smart grid, a new open platform, is a core application for facilitating a creative economy in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is one of the components of the smart grid and a two-way communications infrastructure between the main utility operator and customer. The smart meter records consumption of electrical energy and communicates that information back to the utility for monitoring and billing. This paper investigates the impact of a cybersecurity attack on the smart meter. We analyze the cost to the smart grid in the case of a smart meter attack by authorized users based on a high risk scenario from NESCOR. Our findings could be used by policy makers and utility operators to create investment decision-making models for smart grid security.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.469-482
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• 2021

The recent climate change and urbanization have seen an increase in runoff and pollutant loads, and consequently significant negative water pollution. The characteristics of the pollutant loads vary among the different flow regime depending on their source and transport mechanism, However, pollutant load reduction based on flow regime perspectives has not been investigated thoroughly. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the effects of concentration on pollutant load characteristics and reductions from each flow regime to develop efficient pollution management. As non-point pollutants continuously increase due to the increase in impervious area, efficient management is necessary. Therefore, in this study, 1) the characteristics of pollutant sources were analyzed at the Dalcheon Basin, 2) reduction of nonpoint pollution, and 3) reduction efficiency for flow regimes were analyzed. By analyzing the characteristics of the Dalcheon Basin, a reduction efficiency scenario for each pollutant source was constructed. The efficiency analysis showed 0.06% to 5.62% for the living scenario, 0.09 to 24.62% for the livestock scenario, 0.17% to 12.81% for the industry scenario, 9.45% to 38.45% for the land scenario, and 9.8% to 39.2% for the composite scenario. Therefore, various pollution reduction scenarios, taking into account the characteristics of pollutants and flow regime characteristics, can contribute to the development of efficient measurements to improve water quality at various flow regime perspectives in the Dalcheon Basin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.335-345
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• 2023

In Korea, as part of the Green New Deal project toward a carbon-neutral society, it is necessary to build a climate-resilient urban environment to green the city, space, and living infrastructure. To this end, SWMM-ING was improved and the model was modified to analyze the carbon reduction effect. In addition, I plan to select target watersheds where urbanization is rapidly progressing and evaluate runoff, non-point pollution, and carbon reduction effects to conduct cost estimation and optimal design review for domestic rainwater circulation green infrastructure. In this study, green infrastructure facilities were selected using SWMM-ING. Various scenarios were presented considering the surface area and annual cost of each green infrastructure facility, and The results show that the scenario derived through the APL2 method was selected as the optimal scenario. In this optimal scenario, a total facility area of 190,517.5 m² was applied to 7 out of 30 subwatersheds to achieve the target reduction. The target reduction amount was calculated a 23.50 % reduction in runoff and a 26.99 % reduction in pollutant load. Additionally, the annual carbon absorption was analyzed and found to be 385,521 kg/year. I aim to achieve additional carbon reduction effects by achieving the goal of reducing runoff and non-point pollution sources and analyzing annual carbon absorption. Moreover, considering the scale-up of these interventions across the basin, it is believed that an objective assessment of economic viability can be conducted.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.124-134
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• 2011

To make popular the NEV(Neighborhood Electric Vehicles) uses, it must be considered the supply of infrastructure and the political decision for NEV. However, the guidelines of infrastructure for NEV are not prepared. The guidelines of infrastructure for NEV should be performed in many research and case. The purpose of this study is to reveal the influence of NEV on the two-lane highway traffic flows by TWOPAS simulation model. The main items to check the influence are Average Travel speed, Percent Time Spent Following and Total Delay. The scenario were setup by traffic volume. And the NEV percentages are changed from 1% ~ 30%. The scenario 1 which traffic volume are 650veh/h and the scenario 4 which traffic volume are 2,600veh/h are less influenced by NEV, compare to scenario 2, scenario 3. Because the scenario 1 is more free to make passing other cars and Scenario 4 is fully saturated with existing traffic volumes. The urban two-lane highway which has much traffic volume and the rural two-lane highway which has little traffic volume has affinity for NEV than the other two-lane highway.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.12-18
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• 2003

A good game comes from an original and unique scenario. Game development must precede with the game's scenario because this is where the contents of the game are expressed. Scenario planing brings the result of the game scenario. scenario planning is the draft for game development. The circumstances of gaming today, from the company which produce games to the academic world which educate game development, do not have planning for their game scenarios. A habit that many Korean game developers have is to just insert a rough scenario into a game or even worse no proper form for one at all. The Purpose of this book is to simply search for a scenario planning method and suggest the contents for game planning. paper, we researched technical considerations in initial game software planning, focusing on platform, game engine, game service, network infrastructure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2014

One of the largest problems for tokamak devices such as Kazakhstan Tokamak for Material Testing (KTM) is the operation scenarios' development and execution. Operation scenarios may be varied often, so a convenient hardware and software solution is required for scenario management and execution. Dozens of diagnostic and control subsystems with numerous configuration settings may be used in an experiment, so it is required to automate the subsystem configuration process to coordinate changes of the related settings and to prevent errors. Most of the diagnostic and control subsystems software at KTM was unified using an extra software layer, describing the hardware abstraction interface. The experiment sequence was described using a command language. The whole infrastructure was brought together by a universal communication protocol supporting various media, including Ethernet and serial links. The operation sequence execution infrastructure was used at KTM to carry out plasma experiments.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.605-613
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• 2020

In July and October of this year, the government announced the 'Green new deal plan within the Korean new deal policy' and 'Strategies for proliferation of future vehicles and market preoccupation'. And, in response to changes in the global climate agreement, it has decided to expand green mobility such as electric vehicles and hydrogen electric vehicles with the aim of a "net-zero" society. Accordingly, the goal is to build 310 hydrogen refueling stations along with the supply of 60,000 hydrogen vehicles in 2022, and the hydrogen infrastructure is being expanded. however, it is difficult to secure hydrogen infrastructure due to expensive construction costs and difficulty the selection of a site. In Korea, it is possible to build a mobile hydrogen station according to the safety standards covering special case of the Ministry of Industry. Since the mobile hydrogen station can be charged while moving between authorized place, it has the advantage of being able to meet a large number of demands with only one hydrogen refueling station, so it is proposed as a model suitable for the early market of hydrogen infrastructure. This study demonstrates the establishment of a hydrogen refueling station by deriving a virtual accident scenario for leakage and catastrupture for each facility for the risk factors in a mobile hydrogen station, and performing a quantitative risk assessment through the derived scenario. Through the virtual accident scenario, direction of demonstration and implications for the construction of a mobile hydrogen refueling station were derived.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2015

This study was conducted to predict greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from a radish field by future climate change scenario. A radish field located at Chuncheon-si Gangwon-do was selected, and A1B Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) of the IPCC (Intergovernmental panel on climate change) was applied to simulate the future potential climate change. Rainfall and temperature data were predicted to be increased by 8.4 % and 1.9 % in 2040s, 35.9 % and 27.0 % in 2060s, 19.2 % and 30.8 % in 2090s, respectively, compared to the climate data in 2010s. The $N_2O$, $CO_2$, and $CH_4$ emission were estimated to be increased by 0.4 up to 2.4 kg/ha/yr, by 500.5 up to 734.5 kg/ha/year, and by 29.4 up to 160.4 kg/ha/yr, which were resulted from the global warming potential (GWP) of 14.5~21.7 $CO_2$/ha/year caused by the amount changes of rainfall, temperature, manure amendment, and fertilizer applied in fields. One distinct feature of the study result was that the changes of $N_2O-N$, $CH_4-C$ and $CO_2-C$ with future potential climate change simulation were varied by soil texture. Therefore it was concluded that there is a need to apply appropriate amount of manure amendment needs and to consider soil texture as well.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.421-434
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• 2022

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been the biggest environmental problem in Korea since the 2010s. The present study considers the value of urban forests and green infrastructure as an ecosystem service (ES) concept for PM2.5 reduction based on satellite and spatial data, with a focus on Seoul, Korea A method for the spatial ES assessment that considers social demand variables such as population and land price is suggested. First, an ES assessment based on natural environment information confirms that, while the vitality of vegetation is relatively low, the ES is high in the city center and residential areas, where the concentration of PM2.5 is high. Then, the ES assessment considering social demand (i.e., the ESS) confirms the existence of higher PM2.5 values in residential areas with high population density, and in main downtown areas. This is because the ESS of urban green infrastructure is high in areas with high land prices, high population density, and above-average PM2.5 concentrations. Further, when a future green infrastructure improvement scenario that considers the urban forest management plan is applied, the area of very high ESS is increased by 74% when the vegetation greenness of the green infrastructure in the residential area is increased by only 20%. This result suggests that green infrastructure and urban forests in the residential area should be continuously expanded and managed in order to maximize the PM2.5 reduction ES.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

This study extracted deforestation area and degraded forestland area, which are potential REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) project candidate areas in Paraguay using Land Cover Map (LCM) and Tree Cover Map (TCM). The REDD+ project objectives scenarios were set three stages: 'afforestation and economic efficiency scenario', 'local capacity reinforcement scenario', and 'Infrastructure-oriented scenario'. And then, we evaluated the project unit suitable area of the REDD+ project. All scenarios selected the evaluation factors for each scenario in addition to the area ratio factors for deforestation area and degraded forestland area and weighted values were extracted by assigning category scores. As a result of the three scenarios comparison analysis, Concepcion state score was the highest. Within Concepcion state, the Belon district had the highest score, making it appropriate as a project unit REDD+ project candidate area in Paraguay, while the San Carlos district had the lowest score. This study can be used as basic data for selecting REDD+ project candidate area in Paraguay, and it is expected to contribute sufficiently to REDD+ project if additional data or information of social, cultural and economic sectors are secured.