• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.306-310
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• 1992

The effects of membrane type, temperature and pH on the permeate flux and removal of soluble solids from soybean curd whey by reverse osmosis were studied at recommended pressures for optimum performance of the membranes. The fluxes obtained with HR 95 and HR 98 membranes at 60 bar were not lower than that with CA 930 membrane at 20 bar. Soluble solid content in the permeate increased to 1.5 Brix after 90 min by CA 930 membrane, as opposed to 0 Brix with the HR 95 and HR 98 membranes. Permeate flux was increased by 28.4% as operation temperature increased from $30^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$. COD of the whey was rejected up to 80.5%, 99.7% and 99.5% by using the membranes of CA 930, HR 95 and HR 98, respectively. pH adjustment of the whey resulted in decreasing membrane performance. But the rejection rate of COD in permeate with HR 98 membrane was slightly increased to 99.9% when the pH was adjusted to 7.0.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated the rate of retear and related factors after arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears involving more than one tendon. Materials & Methods: Arthroscopic repair of 22 rotator cuff tears (average size 3.2cm: average age 58 years old) involving the supraspinatus and part or all of the infraspinatus were investigated using MRI on average 10 months after repair. The status of the repaired cuff was investigated using Sugaya's classification, and the change in muscle was evaluated with Goutallier's classification. Results: Retear (Sugaya grade IV, V) was found in 7cases(32%). Tears larger than 3cm had a higher retear rate(67%) than smaller tears(8%). Retear cases had Goutallier grade II or higher muscle changes preoperatively and showed aggravation of muscle atrophy postoperatively. Even without retear, reversal of muscle change was not seen Conclusion: Rotator cuff tears not confined to the supraspinatus had a 32% retear rate after arthroscopic repair. The size of the tear was the most crucial factor influencing retear. Retear was frequent in tear over 3cm. Atrophy of the cuff muscle worsened when the repair failed but did not improve even without retear.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-70
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify a tendency in patients who seek oriental medical service and factors influencing patient satisfaction. The study was conducted with 1,520 residents of a community during the period from February 5, 2005 through June 30, 2005 using a questionnaire. This study results are summarized as follows : 1. Of subjects who sought oriental medical service, 66.2% had musculoskeletal disorder and connective tissue disease, 18.9% had digestive tract disease, 16.4% had respiratory disease, 8.2% had endocrinemetabolic disease, 7.5% had circulatory disease and the remaining subjects had other diseases(p<0.001). 2. Of subjects who sought oriental medical service for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorder, 84.9% preferred acupuncture. Of those who had digestive tract diseases, 47.0% preferred packaged herbal medicine. Of those who had respiratory disease, 63.0% preferred packaged herbal medicine. 3. Acupuncture was the most often sought by subjects with musculoskeletal disorder. Packaged herbal medicine was sought by subjects with respiratory disease, digestive tract disease, endocrine-metabolic disease or circulatory disease. Tablet-type herbal medicine was sought by subjects with musculoskeletal disorder or digestive tract disease. Combined therapy was sought by subjects with musculoskeletal disorder, digestive tract disease, hematopoietic disease or immune disorder. 4. The level of satisfaction with oriental medical service was higher in subjects with circulatory disease, subjects with digestive tract disease, subjects with neurological disorder and subjects with musculoskeletal disorder in descending order. Of total subjects, 39.4% experienced side effects of oriental medical care, 38.1% experienced side effects of herbal medicine. About 51.9% considered the price of herbal medicine costly while 23.2% considered it reasonable. 5. Subjects' knowledge of herbal medicine was measured as $29.2{\pm}3.83$ out of 42 scores or 69 out of 100 points, indicating a low knowledge level. Subjects' knowledge was influenced by occupation, religion, side effects, sex, age, residence area, the type of insurance. These variables explained 15.2% of the variance. 7. Of total subjects, 56.8% were satisfied with oriental medical service. Patient satisfaction varied with occupation, religion, the type of insurance, health state and treatment outcomes. These variables explained 37.3% of the variance. Conclusion : The majority of subjects were satisfied with oriental medical service. However, oriental medical care are not widely used to treat all kinds of diseases while its use skews to a small categories of diseases. It is therefore necessary for the government and oriental medical service providers to develop new therapy approaches for the treatment of a broader range of diseases.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 2015

This experiment compared the regeneration conditions of the radiation mutant spray chrysanthemum 'purple ND'. The four different flower blooming stages (S1: 10% opened flower, S2: 30% opened flower, S3: 50% opened flower, and S4: 70% opened flower) and different petal parts (TBOP: the basal of petal and TEOP: the end of petal) were used to compare regeneration conditions between plants grown in MS medium supplemented with IAA and BAP. The highest adventitious shooting rate was identified in plants grown on the IAA $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and BAP $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ when using the end of petal at the S2 stage. It displayed 79.2% regeneration and produced 33.4 shoots. Rooted plantlets were successfully established in the greenhouse, showing the same morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive organs with those of the mother plant. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no ploidy variation between the regenerated plants and the mother plant grown under greenhouse conditions.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.35
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• pp.63-86
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• 2013

Security officers' intent to leave their job would have devastating effects on national security related industries. That is because excessive turnover would result in wasting the money for recruiting and training for organizations as well as putting the level of national security at risk. Therefore, this study has a goal to investigate the factors influencing the intent of leave job among security staff working for one of public institution, airports(n=198). Specifically, this study has a focus on examining the effect of job satisfaction, job commitment and security staff's level of commitment on national security on their turnover intent. The results of the multivariate ordinary lest square regression analysis reveal that job satisfaction, job commitment, and the level of national security commitment directly influence turnover intent. Also, the job satisfaction and the level of national security commitment has indirect impact on the turnover intent via job commitment. However, the results indicate that gender, age, and educational level are not related with security staff's decision to leave their job. Policy implications and study contribution were discussed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.315-326
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• 2014

This paper analyzes and compares the pedestrian characteristics of 5 urban communities with 2012 Seoul floating population survey data. First of all, differences in total pedestrian volumes and time distribution of the volumes are compared across the 5 urban communities and the effects of pedestrian road properties are investigated. Then, we conduct a regression analysis to find factors influencing pedestrian volume according to the type of urban community and day of week. As results, the urban community had the greatest volume and the volume increased significantly at lunch time. Center bus lane, bus stop, and crosswalk lead to more trips in the urban community, while opposite patterns occurred in the other communities. Less slopes and commercial region areas caused more trips in all communities. Regression analysis results showed that a variety of variables including demographic indices, land use type and pedestrian road properties differently affect pedestrian volumes in individual urban communities. The research can be used as basic data to establish polices for pedestrian environment improvement.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the results of inhalation anesthesia performed at the equine hospital of Korea Racing Authority (KRA) and to find out the influencing factors on mortality during and/or after inhalation anesthesia. Among 585 cases of anesthesia, orthopedic surgery (410) was performed the most frequently, followed by colic surgery (85) and upper airway surgery (45). Twenty out of 585 horses were either euthanized or died during and/or after anesthesia. Among those twenty horses, fourteen horses received colic surgery, three received orthopedic surgery, and three others received upper airway surgery. The major causes of mortality were rupture of intestine in colic surgery and airway obstruction during recovery in upper airway surgery. Myopathy, refracture, laminitis were the causes of mortality in orthopedic surgery. Consequently, the horses that received colic and upper airway surgeries showed significantly high mortality rate rather than horses that received orthopedic surgery (p < 0.01). According to the results, horses that received colic surgery showed the highest mortality rate from euthanasia due to poor and grave prognosis. To reduce the perioperative mortality of horses, it is recommended to perform perioperative intensive care for colic surgery and careful monitoring for upper airway surgery during recovery.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.648-667
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• 2002

This was a descriptive study designed to identify the level of coping method and its influencing factors on the family caregivers of demented patients, and resolve the family caregivers' level of stress. The data were collected from September 10 to October 10, 2001. Subjects for this study were recruited from four clinics, which were chosen from 15 clinics located in Chunbuk-Do as the study sites because of their cooperation for the study. They were similar in terms of size, the characteristics of the local community. and the population and registration status of the demented patients. The instruments used for the study were as follows: 1. Problematic behaviors of demented patients are measured by the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (Zarit, 1980), and the Linguistic Communication Symptoms Questionnaire (Bayles and Tomoeda, 1991) 2. The ability to carry out daily activities was measured using the Barthel Index (1965) and Katz Index (1963), which as well-known ADL assessment methods. 3. Burden was measured using Cost of Care Index by the Kosberg and Cairl (1986). 4. Coping strategy was measured Bell's 18 methods (1977). The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC. The study results were as follows: 1. The total stress score was 2.90 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 3.09 on the dimension of restriction of individual and social activities, and the lowest region reported was 2.58 on the dimension of mental and physical health. 2. The total score of the coping method was 2.65 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 4.01 on the dimension of thinking that includes an ideation such that it is better than any possible worst case, and the lowest score reported was 1.45 on the dimension of the self-image as a scapegoat. 3. There were significant differences in coping method among the subjects by age (F=2.752 p=0.04), caregiver (F=4.33 p=0.003), care-giving period (F=2.68 p=0.049), and dementia stage (F=2.87 p=0.034). 4. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.301 p=0.000) between problematic behaviors of demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. The highest correlation coefficient ($\gamma$=-0.339 p=0.000) was found between aggressive behaviors of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 5. There was a low negative correlation ($\gamma$=-0.201 p=0.019) between the ADL of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 6. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.213 p=0.005) between stress and the coping method of the family caregivers. The highest correlation was found between financial burden ($\gamma$=-.327 P=.000) and the coping method of the family caregivers. There was no significant correlation among unpleasant aspects of the demented patients, willingness to the demented patients, and the coping method of the family caregivers.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the treatment results of malignant melanoma and to analyze the factors influencing prognosis. Materials and Methods: Thirty one cases of malignant melanoma were included in this study. They were treated in our hospital surgically, medically and immunologically from January 1996 to December 2005, and were followed more than 5 years. We compared 5 year survival rate (5YSR) according to the age, gender, anatomical site, depth of tumor, TNM stage, involvement of lymph node and immuno-chemotherapy. Results: Overall 5YSR was 80.6%. 5YSR of the age group below 65 years was 89.7% and 66.7% for the age group over 65 (p=0.033). 5YSR for men was 75% and 90.9% for women. 5YSR according to the site of occurrence showed 66.7% in upper extremities, 89.5% in lower extremities, and 66.7% in other site. 5YSR was 100% for the Clark level below III and 62.5% for the level above IV (p=0.032). 5YSR was 53.8% for lymph node metastasis group and 100% for non-lymph node metastasis group (p=0.021). Conclusion: We concluded that early diagnosis and wide excision was the most important in treatment of malignant melanoma. The prognostic fractors of malignant melanoma were age, depth of tumor (Clark's stage) and metastasis of lymph node.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-116
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• 2010

The development and accomplishment of Open Source Software(OSS) is one of the hottest, as well as the most recent topics in the software industry. Prior studies with respects to OSS have concentrated on discovering both developers and users' rationales of participating OSS projects, analyzing specific OSS solutions or OSS movement itself. However, the empirical study on identifying determinants that influence organizational adoption of OSS and further diffusion of the technology has been a scant. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the key determinants affecting organizational adoption of OSS. The proposed research model incorporates organizational needs(Evolutional Leadership, Adaptive performance, Readiness for Change) and technological needs(Job Relevance, Cost Benefits, Software Quality) in order to explain organizational OSS adoption. Further, this study assesses the impact organizational OSS adoption has on the OSS Performance and OSS Diffusion. Results from 366 adopting organizations in various industries show three constructs in organizational needs and two constructs in technological needs with exception of Job Relevance have a significant influence on OSS Adoption; and adoption impacts its performance, and diffusion. The implications of the results suggest not only a new theoretical model for OSS research, but also the important implications for OSS diffusion.